81. Ancient History of history, Classics, Comparative Literature, history of Art a few other countries,notably japan and Australia. culture and civilization of ancient Israel and http://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/cdancienthistory.html

Ancient History Clientele: Primary clientele are faculty in the Department of Near Eastern Studies, but there are additional users in the departments of History, Classics, Comparative Literature, History of Art and English. Existing collection: ECS 3+ LANG: W Holdings of the core scholarly literature of the field are reasonably solid from the mid-19th century to the late 1970's, including standard reference works and full runs of all major journals and of many major archaeological reports series. Much of this material has not been superseded and is still being used actively today. Coverage declines abruptly after ca. 1980, with major gaps in monographs, journals and report series. Many important monographic series started after 1980 are absent, as are reports of major excavations and catalogs of major museum collections. This is the case with publications from all major European countries. Publications from present day Middle Eastern countries, especially in the respective vernacular languages, are hardly represented at all. Current collecting: CCI 3 LANG: F Subjects covered: LC classes; BL 1500-1700, DS 41-66, DT 57-93, PJ 1001-2199, PJ 3101-40.

82. BBC - History - World War Two - Japan - No Surrender - 3 Of 5 coerced japanese men in the prime of their youth to act in such a way was a complexmixture of the times they lived in, japan's ancient warrior tradition http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/wwtwo/japan/no_surrender_03.shtml

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH WEDNESDAY 9th April 2003 Text only BBC Homepage History War ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! Japan - No surrender by David Powers, May 2001 3 of 5 End of hostilities A worthy enemy? Total sacrifice Bushido ... Printable version Total sacrifice Although some Japanese were taken prisoner, most fought until they were killed or committed suicide. In the last, desperate months of the war, this image was also applied to Japanese civilians. To the horror of American troops advancing on Saipan, they saw mothers clutching their babies hurling themselves over the cliffs rather than be taken prisoner. Not only were there virtually no survivors of the 30,000 strong Japanese garrison on Saipan, two out of every three civilians - some 22,000 in all - also died. The other enduring image of total sacrifice is that of the kamikaze pilot, ploughing his plane packed with high explosives into an enemy warship. Even today, the word 'kamikaze' evokes among Japan's former enemies visions of crazed, mindless destruction. What in some cases inspired - and in others, coerced - Japanese men in the prime of their youth to act in such a way was a complex mixture of the times they lived in, Japan's ancient warrior tradition, societal pressure, economic necessity, and sheer desperation. The other enduring image of total sacrifice is that of the kamikaze pilot, ploughing his plane packed with high explosives into an enemy warship.

83. Staf, Opleiding Geschiedenis, Universiteit Leiden Sectie Oude Geschiedenis (ancient history). en Sociale Geschiedenis (Economic andSocial history). Boot De intellectuele geschiedenis van japan, voornamelijk de http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/history/sub/staf.htm

Universiteit Leiden Opleiding Geschiedenis / History Department Homepage Opleiding Geschiedenis Homepage History Department (English) Staf Stafleden Oude geschiedenis Faculty members Ancient History Stafleden Middeleeuwse geschiedenis Faculty members Medieval History Stafleden Vaderlandse geschiedenis Faculty members Dutch History Stafleden Algemene geschiedenis Faculty members Modern and Contemporary History Stafleden Economische en Sociale gesch. Faculty members Economic and Social History Vakdidactici Didacticians Historici bij andere Leidse Opleidingen ... Homepage Oude Geschiedenis Sectie Oude Geschiedenis (Ancient History) Voorzitter: Prof.dr. L. de Ligt Secretaris: Dr. H.W. Singor Staf: Dr. H.F.J. Horstmanshoff Dr. J.H.M. Strubbe Dr. R.A. Tybout Aio's / oio's: Drs. C.M. de Greef Emeritus: Prof.dr. H.S. Versnel Homepage Middeleeuwse Geschiedenis Sectie Middeleeuwse Geschiedenis (Medieval History) Voorzitter: Dr. A. Janse Secretaris: Dr. M.J.M. Damen Staf: Prof.dr. W.P. Blockmans (hoogleraar Middeleeuwse Geschiedenis / Rector Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study Dr. H. Cools

84. Research Institute For The Humanitites - History Jersey Hong Kong Network) US Should Apologize to japan, Watanabe Shoichi's CliometricSociety Economic history Server; The Origins and ancient history of Wine http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/His.html

HISTORY Table of Contents Regions Africa America Oceania ... ¥v¾Ç³s½u (History Online) : Academia Sinica Hyperhistory Online : Comprehensive web resources by Hyperhistory.com History , CFH History at the English Server University of Sussex : History links History Department , George Mason University History , University of Kansas History Server , University of Rochester History Gopher , Tennessee Techn. University Tennessee Tech History Home Page History Information Server Institute of Historical Research , London World History Archives The Karpeles Manuscript Library Museums Archiv für Kunst und Geschichte Sights and Sounds of History ... Horus' World Wide Web Links to History Resources : University of California at Riverside Uchronia: The Alternate History List History Database : formerly known as the History Computerization Project Calculating Machines in China and Europe in the 17th Century -The Western View : by Klaus-D. Graf, Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Informatik Oddens's Bookmarks : The Fascinating World of Maps and Mapping, Universiteit Utrecht History References and Resources : by NM's Creative Impulse Historikergalerie : A Gallery of Historians, Institut für Geschichtswissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin

85. Library Of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handboo Overview of japanese life, history, and culture by the US Library of Congress.Category Regional Asia japan...... EARLY DEVELOPMENTS Mythological Origins; ancient Cultures. KOFUN AND Trade and Industry;The japan External Trade LIBERAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY Party history and Basic http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/jptoc.html

JAPAN - A Country Study Search Japan Include word variants Use only words as entered. JAPAN FOREWORD ACKNOWLEDGMENTS PREFACE ... Glossary

86. NAGANO '98 Kids' Info Center A kids' information site from the Nagano Olympics, has basic information on the establishment and use of roads from c. 700. http://www.mofa.go.jp/j_info/nagano/atlas/a-8.html

Kaido: The Ancient Roads of Japan Japan began to develop a nationwide network of roads from around the 7th century to carry foot, horseback, and wheeled traffic and transport goods between towns and villages. The major thoroughfares connecting the capital of Kyoto with the provinces were called kaido. There were seven kaido. The principal ones were the westbound route from Kyoto, the San'yodo, and the eastbound route, the Tokaido. These historical names have been preserved in the names of railway lines such as the San'yo and Tokaido Shinkansen routes that combine to link Kyushu with Tokyo. As time passed, lodgings for travelers along these highways grew into towns and routes that avoided steep passes came into being, so that traveling became easier. But construction of bridges and operation of ferries across some rivers were prohibited for reasons of military defense, and travelers were carried over on the shoulders of porters.

87. Nobumitsu's Toshokan Resource for recreating ancient japan in the Society for Creative Anachronism. http://www.angelfire.com/on3/sanazami/

Nobumitsu's Toshokan A Resource for Japanese Personae in the SCA Welcome, Honored Guest, May I offer some tea? My name, is Nishiyama Minamoto Sanazami Nobumitsu. I have started this little house, as an aid to those looking to recreate Japanese Personae, in the SCA. As this is a newly opened house, we will be making renovations constantly. as new information becomes available, it will be posted Feel free to explore, and please, enjoy your stay events News FAQs Recipes ... Denshiyubin If you're reading this, then you must be squinting really hard

88. Israelites Came To Ancient Japan Article written by Arimasa Kubo on the possible Jewish influences on the ancient Japanese religion and culture. http://www5.ocn.ne.jp/~magi9/isracame.htm

Israelites Came To Ancient Japan Many of the traditional ceremonies in Japan seem to indicate that the Lost Tribes of Israel came to ancient Japan. Arimasa Kubo Ark of the covenant of Israel (left) and "Omikoshi" ark of Japan (right) Dear friends in the world I am a Japanese Christian writer living in Japan. As I study the Bible, I began to realize that many traditional customs and ceremonies in Japan are very similar to the ones of ancient Israel. I considered that perhaps these rituals came from the religion and customs of the Jews and the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel who might have come to ancient Japan. The following sections are concerned with those Japanese traditions which possibly originated from the ancient Israelites. The reason why I exhibit these on the internet is to enable anyone interested in this subject, especially Jewish friends to become more interested, research it for yourself, and share your findings. The ancient kingdom of Israel, which consisted of 12 tribes, was in 933 B.C.E. divided into the southern kingdom of Judah and the northern kingdom of Israel. The 10 tribes out of 12 belonged to the northern kingdom and the rest to the southern kingdom. The descendants from the southern kingdom are called Jews. The people of the northern kingdom were exiled to Assyria in 722 B.C.E. and did not come back to Israel. They are called "the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel." The following peoples are thought by Jewish scholars to be the descendants from the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel.

89. Kitora Kofun Explored Referenced article exploring this ancient Japanese kofun (burial mound). Astrological charts have been determined from the star paintings inside the tomb. http://www2.gol.com/users/stever/kitora.htm

Kitora Kofun A Detailed Astronomical Star Chart in an Ancient Japanese Tomb By Steve Renshaw and Saori Ihara Revised September, 2002 As mentioned in the supplement to our article on Takamatsu Zuka Kofun The Controversy Continues , historians and archaeologists have long thought that more tombs nearby might contain similar "star paintings". One such tomb, located about 1 kilometer to the South of Takamatsu Zuka Kofun and named Kitora Kofun has now been explored. The tomb has not been actually entered but rather probed with sub-miniature camera. Archaeological dating places its construction within the same Asuka period (7th to early 8th centuries) as Takamatsu Zuka Kofun . While there are some remarkable similarities, there are also some anomalous differences in the paintings of the two tombs. Kitora Kofun (Kitora Tumulus) seen from South Looking North. (Photo by Steve Renshaw) Kitora Kofun from the East Side. Only the front of the tomb mound can be seen. The actual tomb is located in the lower (larger) mound directly under the upper (smaller) mound and is aligned North/South. (Photo by Steve Renshaw) Composite of Images Showing the Inside of Kitora Kofun . (From Research Report of Cultural Heritage in Asuka Village Vol. 3; Scientific Research on Kitora Tumulus

90. HISTORY Since then, japan has contributed to world peace and prosperity as a memberof the international community. Major Periods in japanese history. Periods. http://www.jinjapan.org/kidsweb/japan/i.html

T he Japanese archipelago assumed its present shape around 10,000 years ago. Soon after, the era known as the Jomon period began and continued for about 8,000 years. Its people were hunter-gatherers. Gradually, they formed small communities and began to organize their lives communally. They also began to use earthenware objects. Rice cultivation reached Japan from the Eurasian continent around 300 BC during the Yayoi period, and settlements grew larger. Japan can be said to have taken its first steps to nationhood in the Yamato period, which began at the end of the third century AD. During this period, the ancestors of the present Emperor began to bring a number of small states under unified rule from their bases around what are now Nara and Osaka Prefectures. In 604 Prince Shotoku laid down Japan's first constitution. Also from this time, Buddhism that was introduced from the Eurasian continent began to take root in Japan. The Nara period began at the beginning of the eighth century with the establishment of the country's first permanent capital in Nara. Toward the end of the century, the capital was transferred to Kyoto, launching the Heian period, during which noble families predominated and a distinct national culture blossomed. From the Kamakura period, which began at the end of the twelfth century, to the close of the Edo period in the latter half of the nineteenth century, Japan was ruled by

91. City Planning System Of The Ancient Bohai (Parhae) State (Summary) Using Corona satellite photos, Noboru Ogata, Kyoto University japan, studied city plans of an ancient kingdom which existed in northeastern China (7th 10th century AD). http://www.users.kudpc.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~p51987/Bohai/summary-E.html

Japanese A Study of the City Planning System of the Ancient Bohai State Using Satellite Photos (Summary) Noboru Ogata This paper examines the city planning system of the ancient Bohai State using recently declassified intelligence satellite (CORONA satellite) photos acquired in the 1960's by the United States. Based on the reconstructions made in my recent report, I tried to make clear some principles shared by those city planning. It is also intended to prove the usefulness of satellite images in historico-geographical and archaeological applications. The Bohai State was a kingdom which existed from 698 AD to 926 AD in the northeastern part of today's China ( Fig. 1 ). It was formed by the Tungusic people in association with refugees from Koguryo, which had fallen in 668. It actively imported Chinese culture and political system and boasted high standard of civilization. While bringing tribute to Tang China, it dispatched envoys to Japan many times across the sea. Since records by Bohai itself had been lost, we can only obtain a glimpse of its prosperity through Chinese histories and records in Japan concerning envoys as well as archaeological evidence. Xin-Tang-shu

92. Astronomy Sites In Kyoto ancient Astronomy and Geomancy in Kyoto, japan. By Steve Renshaw and Saori Ihara http://www2.gol.com/users/stever/kyoto.htm

Ancient Astronomy and Geomancy in Kyoto, Japan By Steve Renshaw and Saori Ihara March, 1997 (Material Added January, 2001) Unless otherwise noted, all Photographs by Steve Renshaw One can quickly become overwhelmed by the large number of treasures related to Kyoto's historical past. Indeed, weeks can be spent in this ancient city absorbing history which dates back some 1000 years. Unfortunately, few relics or sites remain which highlight Kyoto's place as an astronomical center. However, the visitor can still get a sense of ancient Chinese "Astronomy" and Geomancy at work in the city's layout. A traveler who has become confused amidst what seem to be randomly meandering streets in most cities of Japan may be pleasantly surprised when setting foot in Kyoto. In this city, like Nara to the south, thoroughfares are laid out in (at least to "Western" eyes) a more familiar grid of north-south avenues and east-west streets. The reason for this pattern is, of course, due to the fact that both Kyoto and Nara were once the sites of huge palace complexes laid out in Classic Chinese Geomancy during Japan's first and rather lengthy exchange with Chinese and Korean "scholars". Grid of Heian Kyo. Only east-west street names remain in modern Kyoto, though one can get an idea of the original layout by noting the landmarks in areas denoted in English. (Adapted from

93. Ch'an Masters: Patriarchs And Other Great Zen Masters Of Ancient China Teachings of the great masters of sudden illumination in ancient China the forerunners of Zen in japan. http://www.selfdiscoveryportal.com/ChanMasters.htm

Don't miss it! Click here for more info on the spring gathering. Portal home page PSI Group Meditation TAT ... Site Search The Teachings of Sudden Illumination By the CH'AN MASTERS in ancient China Seng-Ts'an: The Mind of Absolute Trust Hui-neng: The Platform Sutra Hui Hai: On Sudden Illumination Huang Po: The Transmission of Mind ... Bodhidharma , "Barbarian from the West" Other Ch'an Masters The Diamond Sutra , simplified Chinese Pronunciation Guide Sanskrit Glossary and Pronunciation Guide Return to Self-Discovery Portal Bodhidharma is credited with bringing Gautama Buddha's teaching on sudden illumination from India to China circa 530 AD. Hui-neng identified him as the twenty-eighth patriarch or successor to the transmission of the dharma (teaching, law, way) descending from Gautama Buddha, and the first patriarch in China. After Bodhidharma came Hui K'o, who was succeeded by Seng-Ts'an, Tao-hsin, Hung-jen, and then Hui-neng. These six men are considered the Grand Masters or Patriarchs of Ch'an. By the time Hui-neng became enlightened, the

94. The Metropolitan Museum Of Art - The Collection: Asian Art: Introduction The Met's collection of Asian art, consisting of paintings, prints, calligraphy, sculptures, metal works, and lacquers from ancient to modern China, japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia http://www.metmuseum.org/collections/department.asp?dep=6

95. ZX A European wholesaler and retailer specializing in the Neo Retro from japan and the USA, including a variety of Accessories, Watches, Temporary Tattoos, and deluxe Kits in the Neo- ancient tradition of Henna. Based in Amsterdam. http://www.zxempire.com/

96. The Electronic Passport To The Middle Ages Guide for middle school students introduces the period. Also provides indepth information about specific Category Kids and Teens School Time By Time Period Middle Ages...... attacked the city of Rome and ended the more than 800 years of glory for the eternalcity. Historians mark the fall of Rome as the end of ancient history. http://www.mrdowling.com/703middleages.html

HOME TIME AND SPACE PREHISTORY MESOPOTAMIA ... The Bubonic Plague Between Ancient and Modern In AD 476, warriors attacked the city of Rome and ended the more than 800 years of glory for the "eternal city." Historians mark the fall of Rome as the end of ancient history. The next one thousand years were called the Middle Ages. The Latin term for Middle Ages is "medieval." The early Middle Ages are often called the "Dark Ages" because the great civilizations of Greece and Rome had fallen. Life in Europe during the Middle Ages was very hard. Very few people could read or write and nobody expected conditions to improve. The only hope for most people during the Middle Ages was their strong belief in Christianity, and the hope that life in heaven would be better than life on earth. The Dark Ages were anything but dark in other parts of the world. The Muslims in the Middle East and North Africa studied and improved on the works of the ancient Greeks while civilization flourished in sub-Saharan Africa, China, India, and the Americas.

97. A Guide To Kamakura Guide to the ancient capital of japan with old temples and shrines, accessible in one hour from Tokyo. http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~QM9T-KNDU/

Last updated: April 7, 2003) The ancient capital of Japan replete with old temples and shrines accessible in one hour by train from Tokyo Station Introduction Access Guide What's New History Buddhism ... Weather Ofuna Station Jorakuji Kita-Kamakura Station Ofuna Kan'non Chojuji Ryuhoji Engakuji ... Tokeiji Northwest of Kamakura Station Northeast of Kamakura Station Eishoji Daigyoji Jokomyoji Egara Tenjin Shrine ... Zuisenji Southwest of Kamakura Station Southeast of Kamakura Station Amanawa Jinja Shrine Ankokuronji Gokurakuji An-yo-in ... mailto:prunus@sakura.email.ne.jp Notes: To avoid confusion, all personal names appearing in the text are shown, regardless of era, in order of given names first, family names last. Japanese do not have middle names. Important Cultural Assets (ICAs) are those that are designated by the national government unless otherwise specified. (Grade Level: 9-12+) http://www.studyweb.com/ Installed May 5, 2002

98. The Official I.J. Parker Web Site Information about the author's novels, stories and characters, as well as background on ancient japan. http://www.ijparker.com/

"Rashomon Gate" stands out as an exceptional work with notably few flaws. ...Parker's fascinating depictions of life in Heian Kyoto are all the more amazing. I was delighted to learn that several more titles featuring the intrepid Kyoto detective are slated for publication in the future." JAPAN TIMES ONLINE ( New "Colorful descriptions, close observance of custom and class distinction, helpful illustrations, and engrossing intrigue make Parker's series debut a good choice for most collections." LIBRARY JOURNAL "... the characters feel genuine, as does the unusual setting. Notes following the text attest to the historical accuracy of this atmospheric tale." BOOKLIST I.J. Parker's latest short story 'The O-Bon Cat' appears in the February 2003 issue of Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine His noble family fallen on hard times, Sugawara Akitada works as a minor official in the Ministry of Justice in Heian Kyo, capital of Japan in the 11th century. The post is boring, but there are bills to pay, servants to maintain and a diminished estate to keep up as best he can. However, Akitada also has a sharp mind and an inquisitive nature, both of which get put to the test as he unravels murders and mysteries that carry him from the depths of the most common peasant hovels to the sacred halls of the Imperial Palace itself. Bound not only by his sense of decency and honor, but the strict codes and social structure of Ancient Japan, Akitada must step carefully while gathering clues to solve the puzzles before him.

99. About Search - Find It Now! Resources for homeschools or individuals teaching themselves and families lookingfor educational or simply entertaining resources on ancient history and the http://search.about.com/fullsearch.htm?terms=pages&IAM=URL_pages

100. Odd Japanology Includes quizzes about japan as well as lists of japanese heroes and heroines, from ancient gods to Nomo and Ichiro. http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~NW6E-MTMR/japan/japan_e.htm

Quizzes on Japan What degree are you pro-Japanese? Decchi course (Level of fundamental) Rounin course (Level of friend) Sennin course (Level of soul) How many Japanese do you know? Index of hero/ines Fictional hero/ine Historical hero/ine Ancient times - Heian period ... Contemporary hero/ine

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

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