41. Backflip Publisher: Kathkawa | Folder: Geography Sites and stories from Kurds and Westerners about kurdistan's history and culture. Photographsunearthed during our (added 2000/02/19) geography Sites http//www http://www.backflip.com/members/kathkawa/1346970/page=7/sort=0

Your browser either doesn't support JavaScript or has JavaScript disabled. Since many of the features of this site require JavaScript, click here to find out how to download or enable a compatible browser. Public Folders The Web Select a Web page from this folder below. Public Directory kathkawa Geography Sites (updated 2002/07/23) [Copy Folder] document.write(""); Sort by: Title Date Added (added 2000/02/19) Geography Sites http://www.capecod.net/schrockguide/world.htm KURDISTAN (added 2000/02/19) Geography Sites http://www.akakurdistan.com/ Lakeland HS Geography Click on the picture to be transported to the newly designed, faster loading, easier to navigate GEOGRAPHY WORLD at: http://members.aol.com/bowermanb/ (added 2000/02/19) Geography Sites http://members.aol.com/bowermanb/101n.html#TABLE OF CONTENTS LIBRARY OF CONGRESS - COUNTRIES A continuing series of books prepared by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress under the Country Studies/Area Handbook Program spon (added 2000/02/19) Geography Sites http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/cshome.html Life and Work on the Ice There are many different field sites that are used by scientists for their research. The links below will give you a chance to see what these field si

42. Aquinas-Mercy Geography And Travel Resources Web (Kurdish News, Information and Documents Multilingual Database) kurdistan WEBRESOURCES. INTERNET EDITION Teva Hadvarim Nature and geography Magazine Gamla http://www.aquinas-mercy.org/geo12.htm

Middle East Cyprus Gaza Strip Iran Iraq ... Yemen Cyprus Country Guides Government and Law Newspapers and Magazines Country Guides Library of Congress / Area Handbook Series / Cyprus Cyprus Cyprus CYPRUS:MAIN PAGE ... Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Government and Law Constitution The Cyprus Government Homepage POLITICAL PARTIES OF CYPRUS Newspapers and Magazines Kibris Iletisim Merkezi Ana Sayfasi - Main Page of Cyprus Communications Centre LOGOSNET - NEWS NORTH CYPRUS MONTHLY - KIBRIS Cyprus Mail Internet Edition ... WELCOME TO THE CYPRUS NEWS AGENCY (C.N.A.) Gaza Strip Gaza Strip Links Maps: Gaza Strip Gaza Strip Yahoo! Full Coverage - Palestinians Put Hamas Leader Under House Arrest ... The World Factbook page on Gaza Strip, Section: Government Iran Assyria Country Guides Government and Law Kurdistan ... Society and Culture Assyria Nineveh On Line ASSYRIA ONLINE! Ishtar Bulletin Board Assyrian Info ... Atour - The State of Assyria Country Guides Library of Congress / Area Handbook Series / Iran Welcome to Persia.Net Online Welcome to irannet Iranian Links ... Travel Informations Tips Government and Law Mohammad Khatami, President of Iran

43. Virtual Nations - World Map - Asia Kurdish Worldwide Resource com Links, origins, demographics, language, geography,geology, maps, literature, art. (US) kurdistan ca Homepage of Kamaran http://users.fmg.uva.nl/pbakker/VN/asia.html

Click on name Home Nationalism World Map Asia Resources Research Journals Credits ... e-mail ARMENIA Probably most of the Armenians are living outside Armenia. The reasons are the Armenian Diaspora and the genocide of 1915 by the Turks (Turkey denies that such an event took place). Since 1991 an independent Armenian exists but according some Armenians, a part of Armenia is still occupied by Turkey. Armenia has also a conflict with Azerbaijan over the 'Armenian' enclave Nagorno-Karabakh. Armenia [edu] At the Russian and East European Information Center at the University of Texas (Austin). Links-collection. [com] Discussion forum on Armenia: culture, politics, news. Armenian Genocide I [com] Pictures, links and information by Reynold E. Khachatourian. Armenian Genocide II [to / tripod.com] Banner: 1.5 MILLION ARMENIANS KILLED. Extensive coverage of the Armenian genocide: history, pictures, media articles of 1915, links, gues tbook. Armenian Highland [com] Armenian Terror [com] Turkish site were the genocide is denied: "Here you will find the photographs of massacres by the Armenians (...). These photos are proving that it was the Turkish Genocide not the Armenian."

44. Reinventing Roots (US); kurdistan Web (Germany). Hosted on the German humanrights server. Art, people,geography, antropology, maps, literature, architecture, history, language http://users.fmg.uva.nl/pbakker/roots.html

Reinventing Roots New media and national identity Paper presented at the Second Expert Meeting on Media and Open Societies, organized by The Amsterdam School of Communications Research ASCoR of the University of Amsterdam and the Faculty of Journalism of Moscow State University, Amsterdam, 21-23 October 1999 Dr. Piet Bakker Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR) University of Amsterdam Contents Abstract Introduction: Internet users Internet use Virtual communities ... Download this article in Word-format. Abstract The Internet can be a very important vehicle for the transmission of ideas concerning a national identity, particular for people who have lost or left their homeland. Presenting it as very complete and historic enduring, going back for several thousand years emphasizes this identity. Completeness of the identity means presenting it with as many aspects as possible: art, culture, music, cuisine, flags, anthems, tourism, politics etc. These findings are derived from a small pilot study on 30 websites of Kurd, Armenian and Macedonian origin. Introduction: Internet users The unequal distribution of Internet users is however somewhat superficial. When we look more closely at some of the users, it is clear there are many users from so-called 'underdeveloped Internet countries' on line. Immigrants, students and professionals, who left their countries of birth, devote much of their time (and webspace) to their region of origin. In this small research we will concentrate on this group of users: strangers in a strange land but keeping a close tie with their roots.

45. Kurdulogy Center In Sulaymaniyah 1. science 2. linguistic 3. literature 4. anthropology and social science 5. translations6. history Kurd and kurdistan and geography of kurdistan 7. art 8 http://www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/~siamakr/Kurdish/Programs/sulaymaniyah.html

KURDOLOGY CENTRE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SULAYMANIYAH DEFINITION The (KURDOLOGY CENTRE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SULAYMANIYAH) KCSU is an independent organisation that liaise with the chairperson and the University committee and it is managed by the KCSU committee. OBJECTIVES 1. development of research in the fields of Kurdology 2. reserve and rehabilitate the Kurdish national resources in the fields of science, literature and national heritage 3. reserve and rehabilitate Kurdish language to achieve the science, literature and art objectives of the nation 4. establishment of Kurdish history and geography of Kurdistan 5. encourage the researchers, expertise to publish their scientific works 6. introduction of Kurds and Kurdistan to the international community via translating of Kurdish work METHODS 1. publishing a periodical 2. encourage research in the field of Kurdology 3. establishment of Kudish dictionaries which will be specialised in different scientific fields 4. collect, preserve and publish the Kurdish manuscripts and documents 5. liaise with international centres similar to KCSU 6. encouragement of writers and experts in the field of Kurdology 7. establishment of the library and publishing house of the KCSU 8. organise meetings, seminars and conferences in different field of Kurdology SUBCOMMITTEES 1. science 2. linguistic 3. literature 4. anthropology and social science 5. translations 6. history Kurd and Kurdistan and geography of Kurdistan 7. art 8. library and publications 9. heritage 10. other subcommittees, long or short terms, can be established when it became feasible PUBLICATIONS ...... COURSES ..... ADDRESS Dr Jalal Shafik, President, Office of the President Kurdology Centre University of Sulaimani Sulaimani, Iraqi Kurdistan Posts can be sent only through contacts - there is no postal service to Iraqi Kurdistan. [Provided by Rebwar Fatah]

46. EDUCATION - Vi. THE MADRASA IN SUNNI KURDISTAN theology; argumentation; Persian and Arabic literature; history and geography; andmathematics In kurdistan education was formerly in the hands of a few learned http://www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/~siamakr/Kurdish/KURDICA/2000/FEB/sonni-kurdistan.htm

THE MADRASA IN SUNNI KURDISTAN Abd-allah Marduk Preparation for the madrasa . Until the mid-20th century the pursuit of education in Kurdistan was possible only through mosques, as only mullas were literate. Concomitant with their function as places of worship, mosques served as social centers and as rest houses for travelers and itinerant mendicants. Every mosque also contained a chamber called a , where the mulla offered lessons in religion and theology free of charge to Muslim boys. Boys, though very seldom girls, began their studies at the age of seven years. Instructors would be hired for girls at home, or they would memorize the Koran under barely literate widows or blind women (also called mullas) who held mixed classes for boys and girls in their homes. Such schools were called s ( s), and the pupils were known as s ( s). At this stage education consisted of learning the alphabet and the expressions , and (O God! O Provider! O Conqueror!). Thereafter they learned al-H®amd (sura 1) and Amma joz (suras 78-114) of the Koran, together with spelling. Beside the Koran they studied books in Persian like

47. Arabic.htm in English) (1) 8. Computer (1) 9. Language and Literature of Kurdish, 1. RashidianHistory 2. Ancient History of Iran 3. geography of kurdistan 4. Ancient http://www.salun.org/artcol/history.htm

History Department Back First -Year / First-Term First -Year / Second-Term 1. Pre-Islamic Arab History 2. Ancient History of Iraq 3. History of Economic 4. Ancient History of Kurds (1) 5. Historical Methodology 6. Greek History 7. Historical Texts (in English) (1) 8. Computer (1) 9. Language and Literature of Kurdish 1. Rashidian History 2. Ancient History of Iran 3. Geography of Kurdistan 4. Ancient History of Kurds (2) 5. Library 6. Roman History 7. Historical Texts (in English) (2) 8. Computer (2)

48. Untitled 2. Principle of Geomorphology 3. Eurasian geography 4. Natural Resources geography5. Water Resources geography 6. geography of kurdistan 7. Contemporary http://www.salun.org/artcol/geog.htm

Geography Department Back First -Year / First-Term First -Year / Second-Term 1. Climate Geography 2. Fundamentals of Human Geography 3. Cartography(theory and practical) 4. Geography of Africa 5. Introduction to Statistics 6. Language and literature of Kurdish 7. Ancient Fundamentals history of Kurd 8. Introduction of General Geology 9. Computer 1 10. Natural Geographical texts (in English) 1. Climate and Climatical Regions 2. Geography of human races 3. Cartography (theory and practical) 4. Geography of Australia 5. Statistical Geography 6. Geography of Kurdish society 7. Modern history of Kurds 8. Geography of Astronomy 9. Computer 2 10. Human Geographical texts (in English) Second -Year Third -Year 1. Applied Climate 2. Principle of Geomorphology 3. Eurasian Geography 4. Natural Resources Geography 5. Water Resources Geography 6. Geography of Kurdistan 7. Contemporary History of Iraq 8. Computer 9. Geographical Thought and Methodology

49. Turkey Introduction - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resource Beginning in 1984, the kurdistan Workers' Party (Partiya Karkere kurdistanPKK)launched guerrilla attacks on government personnel and installations in the http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/turkey/turkey_history_introduction.html

HISTORY INDEX Country Ranks Introduction History ... [TOP] Turkey Introduction http://workmall.com/wfb2001/turkey/turkey_history_introduction.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies < BACK TO HISTORY CONTENTS THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti) was established on October 29, 1923, under the firm control and leadership of Mustafa Kemal, better known as Kemal Atatürk. The new state was at once the successor to and victor over the Ottoman Empire, long a major power in the European states system. The creation of the modern Turkish polity reflected not only a successful struggle against external enemies but also a triumph over deeply rooted domestic traditions. The republic deliberately rejected important elements of Turkey's Ottoman past, especially the Ottoman dynasty's claim to spiritual leadership of Muslims worldwide. However, the official disestablishment of Islam as the state religion in 1924 did not result in the creation of a fully secular society as Atatürk and his colleagues had hoped. Although a commitment to secularism has continued to be almost a prerequisite for membership in the country's political elite, Turkey has experienced several popular movements of Islamic political activism. The most recent movement, which began in the mid-1980s and is continuing, has threatened secularism in ways the republic's founders could not have imagined in the 1920s and 1930s.

50. Countries geography. Asia Australia Austria Brasil China Corea Czech Republic France GermanyGreat Britain Greece Hungary Iran Italy Japan kurdistan Liechtenstein Mexico http://felix.unife.it/ /geogr

51. SocioSite Social Science Departments In The Middle East Iraq kurdistan Academic Network (KAN) BenGurion University - Beer-Sheva BehavioralSciences Anthropology Economics Education geography Environmental http://www.pscw.uva.nl/sociosite/socdeps/middle_east.html

52. The Kurdish People: An Analysis By Language, Geography, Religion And Ethnicity They are also the most dispersed into other countries outside kurdistan. . ExploringKurdish Origins http//www.kurdish.com/kurdistan/people/people.htm. http://www.spongobongo.com/her9707.htm

THE KURDISH PEOPLES The following chart summarizes an extensive survey and evaluation of the Kurdish peoples and the languages they speak. I have followed the classification of languages and dialects used by the Summer Institute of Linguistics , as published in the Ethnologue , 13th Edition, 1996, online. This represents a revision of names and dialect groupings among the Kurds, based on later research than other sources used. This appears to be the most recent schema summarizing research on the Kurdish languages. Previous sources were not consistent, so accounting for some variations from this presentation. Observations and Findings with Conclusions follow the chart. Dr. Orville Boyd Jenkins research@ottawa.com PEOPLE NAME COUNTRY LANGUAGE BRANCH LANGUAGE DIALECTS ALTERNATE NAMES FOR THIS PEOPLE OR LANGUAGE OTHER ETHNIC NAMES (TRIBES, CLANS) PLACE NAMES ASSOCIATED WITH THIS PEOPLE RELIGIOUS SECTS ASSOCIATED WITH THIS PEOPLE ROPAL (FROM THE ETHNO- LOGUE) PEOPLE POPULATION IN THIS COUNTRY PEOPLE POPULATION IN THE WORLD SPEAKERS OF THIS LANG IN THE WORLD Bajelan Iraq ZAZA-GORANI BAJELAN Shabak, Gurani

53. 2002 Top of page No. 4, June 2002. The Political geography of kurdistan, 271.Carl Dahlman. The Kurds and kurdistan A Commentary, 300. Michael E. Bonine. http://www.vhwinston.com/psge/2002/a02tc.htm

Home Contact Us Price List Get Acrobat ... Related Links Volume 43, 2002 Issue 1 published under the title Post-Soviet Geography and Economics (ISSN 1088-9388) Issue: No. 1, January-February 2002 Urban and Rural Effects on Party Preference in Russian: New Evidence from the Recent Duma Election Ralph S. Clem and Peter R. Craumer Russia's Industrial Infrastructure: A Risk Assessment D. J. Peterson and Eric K. Bielke Russian Agrarian Policy Under Putin Stephen K. Wegren Restructuring the Central and Eastern European Automobile Industry: Legacies, Trends, and Effects of Foreign Direct Investmet Petr Pavlínek Top of page No. 2, March 2002 Economic Transition at the Local Level: Diverse Forms of Town Development in China Laurence J. C. Ma and Gonghao Cui Growth and Decline of Muslim Majority Enclaves in Beijing Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and C. Cindy Fan Where Will Europe End? Ukraine and the Limits of European Integration Christian Sellar and John Pickles Electoral Behavior in the Russian Far East, 1995–2000: Contextual and Compositional Effects

54. Jiskha Homework Help - Social Studies: Geography: Asia Jordan; Kashmir; Kazakhstan; kurdistan; Kuwait; Kyrgyzstan; Laos; Lebanon; Macau;Malaysia; United Arab Emirates; Uzbekistan; Vietnam; Yemen. Back to GeographyIndex. http://www.jiskha.com/social_studies/geography/asia/

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55. Patriotic Union Of Kurdistan (PUK) Patriotic Union of kurdistan (PUK). geography, politics and history have conspiredto render 30 million Kurds the largest stateless people in the Middle East. http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/puk.htm

FAS Intelligence World Agencies Para-States ... Join FAS Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) Geography, politics and history have conspired to render 30 million Kurds the largest stateless people in the Middle East. In northern Iraq, all central government functions have been performed by local administrators, mainly Kurds, since the Government withdrew its military forces and civilian administrative personnel from the area after the 1991 uprising. A regional parliament and local government administrators were elected in 1992. This parliament last met in May 1995. Discussions among Kurdish and other northern Iraqi political groups continue on the reconvening of parliament, but fighting between the PUK and KDP continue to prevent normal parliamentary activity. In northern Iraq, fighting continued in 1997 between the two main Iraqi Kurdish groups, the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK). In addition, attacks on civilians by the Turkish Kurd terrorist organization, the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), resulted in many deaths, particularly among the vulnerable Assyrian minority and villagers who supported the KDP. Turkish forces entered Iraq several times during the year to combat the PKK. These separate conflicts converged in November, when Turkish air and ground elements joined the KDP to force the PUK and the PKK to return to the established intra-Kurdish ceasefire line. Intra-Kurdish fighting in October and November resulted in the deaths of over 1200 fighters and an undisclosed number of civilians. A ceasefire established on 24 November 1997 ended the fighting for the remainder of the year, albeit with a few sporadic clashes.

56. Kurdistan A Country Invisible On The Maps of The World. Maps History Music Pictures PoetryKurdish Art geography Languages Family. Links Politics Current Affairs. http://home.swipnet.se/~w-45852/english/eindex.htm

A C ountry I nvisible O n T he M aps o f T he W orld Maps History Music Pictures Poetry Kurdish Art Geography Languages Family Links ... Back This page has been visited: times.

57. Kurdistan kurdistan Welatêkî Wê Xwedî. Xarita Dîrok geography Musik Wêne(Resm) HelbestSanaat Ziman Family. Links Politika Mesele Muhîm. bekir@sverige.nu. Wegere. http://home.swipnet.se/~w-45852/kurdi/kindex.htm

K urdistan W elatêkî W X wedî Xarita Dîrok Geography Musik ... Wegere carana.

58. Geography geography The boundaries within which the kurds live are the Taurus mountains inthe kurdistan has an inland climate with long hot summers and short cold winter http://members.chello.se/yamulki/yamulki/eng/geography.html

Geography The boundaries within which the kurds live are the Taurus mountains in the west, the Iranian table land in the east the mountainsof Ararat in the north and the Mesopotamia's plains in the south. The areais about 600000 km2. Kurdistan has an inland climate with long hot summers and short cold winter. There is a high rate of snow fall in those areas of kurdistan where the mountain tops are as high as 4000.5000 m above sea level. The famous tow great rivers of Tigris and the Euphratesand their tributaries run through kurdistan, thus maintaining the fertility of the land. About three quarters of the population are engagedin agriculture, producing wheat rice, tobacco, cotton, fruits and vegetables. Stock breeding of sheep's is another main source of income. Natural resources Kurdistan is rich in natural resources. Oil is being extracted in all the different parts of kurdistan. The biggest oil reserves are to be found in Kirkok Ninevah and Khanaqin in Iraq in Batman in Turkey and in kermanshah in Iran. Natural gas is being exploited in Kirkok and iron are in Sulaimaniya in Iraq.

59. Kurd, Kdp-iraq, Barzani, Kurdistan Democratic Party geography and climate kurdistan consists of two geographical areas The mountainousarea consists of mountains, covered to some extent, with forests. http://www.kdp.pp.se/kurdland/land.html

60. Kurdistan Regional Government Home geography Politics Society Culture ( journalism, literature, arts .etc) Law Economy.We hope that all professors and experts inside and outside of kurdistan http://www.krg.org/news/2000/0005_3.asp

Wednesday, 9 April 2003 Home Contact News Latest News ... Books ANNOUNCEMENT: Academic and Scientific Conference Concerning Kirkuk The Central Bureau of Public and Professional Organizations of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) , in cooperation with Salahadin University in Erbil and Central Birayatti magazine, is sponsoring a conference concerning Kirkuk, next fall. The following subjects will be discussed: History Geography Politics Society Law Economy We hope that all professors and experts inside and outside of Kurdistan will participate in this project by sharing their academic and scientific research. Approved research will be published in Central Birayatti magazine. The title and the summary of the subject will be submitted to the high committee of the conference up to Aug. 1st , 2000 . The deadline to accept the subjects is Sept. 1 , 2000. All issues will be evaluated by specialists and must meet the standards of scientific research. Conference high committee address: 60 M street (Ring Road) Central Bureau of Public and Professional Organizations Erbil Tel.: (4579, 25856 or 24202)

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