1. Permanent Magnetism Magnetic materials. Basic magnetism fields and interactions; Magneticions; Magnetic order; Itinerant magnetism. Anisotropy and http://bookmarkphysics.iop.org/bookpge.htm?ID=83RAEBtF-mxIWBWcYxOztCYw&book=258h

2. April 2002 - Back To Basics Alternating Component of Magnetism Tests made on hall sensors prove it to be inaccuratefor measuring alternating component of magnetism fields and combined http://www.asnt.org/publications/materialseval/basics/apr02basics/apr02basics.ht

Home Marketplace Certification Publications ... Search Back to Basics click here for the Back to Basics Archive How and Why to Measure Magnetism Accurately by Paul I. Nippes and Elizabeth N. Galano There are often many ways to look at things so that they make sense to us. Some ways work for us but not for others. Here is a different way to look at magnetic testing. Frank Iddings Tutorial Projects Editor Figures 1-4 Figures 5-8 Introduction M agnetism is everywhere, no matter where you are on this earth and possibly in the universe. Magnetism originating from within the center of the Earth permeates your body, your flesh and bones. The first recorded observation of magnetism dates to AD 1200 when, in Magnesia (a part of Asia Minor), it was observed that a certain iron ore, called lodestone, was observed to have peculiar properties, henceforth referred to as magnetism. Magnetism requires proper instruments and techniques for its accurate measurement. These are necessary for both the utilization of magnetism and consideration of the negative effects that magnetism can produce. Because magnetism is very difficult to understand and test, we offer some guidelines to aid the technician in making and recording magnetic measurements. Source of Magnetism The very basis of all magnetism is electron spin and rotation, as depicted in

3. Magnetism magnetism (an electric unit is named "Farad" in his honor), also proposed a widely used method for visualizing magnetic fields. http://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/Education/Imagnet.html

Magnetism The ancient Greeks, originally those near the city of Magnesia, and also the early Chinese knew about strange and rare stones (possibly chunks of iron ore struck by lightning) with the power to attract iron. A steel needle stroked with such a "lodestone" became "magnetic" as well, and around 1000 the Chinese found that such a needle, when freely suspended, pointed north-south. The magnetic compass soon spread to Europe. Columbus used it when he crossed the Atlantic ocean, noting not only that the needle deviated slightly from exact north (as indicated by the stars) but also that the deviation changed during the voyage. Around 1600 William Gilbert, physician to Queen Elizabeth I of England, proposed an explanation: the Earth itself was a giant magnet, with its magnetic poles some distance away from its geographic ones (i.e. near the points defining the axis around which the Earth turns). The Magnetosphere On Earth one needs a sensitive needle to detect magnetic forces, and out in space they are usually much, much weaker. But beyond the dense atmosphere, such forces have a much bigger role, and a region exists around the Earth where they dominate the environment, a region known as the Earth's magnetosphere . That region contains a mix of electrically charged particles, and electric and magnetic phenomena rather than gravity determine its structure. We call it the Earth's

4. A41 - Electricity And Magnetism; Fields And Charged Particles A41 Electricity and magnetism; fields and charged particles. A4100- Electricity and magnetism; fields and charged particles. A4110 http://www.ub.uio.no/umn/fys/klass/a4100.html

UiO - nettsider UiO - personer BIBSYS - forfatter BIBSYS - tittel WWW - Google Om UiO Studier Studentliv Forskning ... Fysisk bibliotek A41 - Electricity and magnetism; fields and charged particles - Electricity and magnetism; fields and charged particles - Classical electromagnetism - Electrostatics, magnetostatics - Steady-state electromagnetic fields, electromagnetic induction - Electromagnetic waves: theory - Particles in electromagnetic fields: classical aspects - Particle beams and particle optics - Electron beams and electron optics - Ion beams and ion optics - Other topics in electricity and magnetism Redaksjon: Fysisk bibliotek Fysisk.bibliotek@ub.uio.no Dokument opprettet: 15.05.2001 Kontakt UiO Hjelp

5. Magnetism And Magnetic Fields        . magnetism and magnetic fields. An phenomenon apparently unrelated to electricity is magnetism. http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_tech/node92.html

Next: Magnetic forces on moving Up: Electricity and Magnetism Previous: Electrical Power Magnetism and magnetic fields An phenomenon apparently unrelated to electricity is magnetism. We are familiar with magnetism through the interaction of compasses with the earth's magnetic field, or through fridge magnets or magnets on children's toys. Magnetic forces are explained in terms very similar to those used for electric forces: There are two types of magnetic poles , conventionally called North and South Like poles repel, and opposite poles attract However, magnetism differs from electricity in one important aspect: Unlike electric charges, magnetic poles always occur in North-South pairs; there are no magnetic monopoles Later on we will see at the atomic level why this is so. As in the case of electric charges, it is convenient to introduce the concept of a magnetic field in describing the action of magnetic forces. Magnetic field lines for a bar magnet are pictured below. Figure 9.5: Magnetic field lines of a bar magnet One can interpret these lines as indicating the direction that a compass needle will point if placed at that position.

6. Molecular Expressions: Electricity And Magnetism - Interactive Java Tutorials: M Magnetic fields and Compass Orientation. A BACK TO ELECTRICITY MAGNETISMTUTORIALS. Questions or comments? Send us an email. © 1995 http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/electromag/java/compass/

Galleria License Info Image Use Custom Photos ... Visit Science, The Galleries: Photo Gallery Silicon Zoo Pharmaceuticals Chip Shots ... Movie Gallery Magnetic Fields and Compass Orientation A compass consists of a small, lightweight magnetic needle that is balanced on a pivotal point. The Earth's magnetic field is aligned such that the painted end of the compass needle is always pointing to the north. This tutorial demonstrates how an induced magnetic field can influence the direction of the compass needle. By clicking on the switch with the mouse cursor to connect the circuit, the conducting wire wrapped around the compass is energized creating a magnetic field that counteracts the effects of the Earth's magnetic field and changes the direction of the compass needle. Questions or comments? Send us an email. by Michael W. Davidson and The Florida State University Legal Terms and Conditions set forth by the owners. This website is maintained by our in collaboration with Optical Microscopy at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Last Modification: Tuesday, Jan 28, 2003 at 05:57 PM Access Count Since March 26, 1999: 37033

7. Solar Magnetism And Variability Solar magnetism and Variability The research activities of the Solar magnetism and Variability Section (SMV) are concerned with determining how the Sun's magnetic field structures and drives the dynamics of the solar atmosphere. fields in the solar photosphere, and in recording their oscillatory and dynamic behavior. Within the overlying atmospheric layers the imprint of the solar magnetism http://www.hao.ucar.edu/public/research/spmf/spmf.html

Solar Magnetism and Variability The research activities of the Solar Magnetism and Variability Section (SMV) are concerned with determining how the Sun's magnetic field structures and drives the dynamics of the solar atmosphere. The present emphasis of its research activities focuses on observing and modeling the emergence, organization, and evolution of solar surface magnetic flux concentrations, from the visible solar surface out through the tenuous corona. Particular attention is devoted to understanding the thermodynamic consequences of the Sun's magnetic activity, both from the perspective of identifying how the magnetic variability impacts the radiative variability of the Sun, and of using the observed radiative variability to infer properties of the Sun's magnetic field. The logical thread of the SMV research program begins with the seismic probing of emerging magnetic fields. This is accomplished through monitoring the interaction of the solar acoustic oscillations with sunspots and plages. The Advanced Stokes Polarimeter, operated jointly by HAO and the National Solar Observatory (NSO), is a crucial component of the subsequent step of measuring vector magnetic fields in the solar photosphere, and in recording their oscillatory and dynamic behavior. Within the overlying atmospheric layers the imprint of the solar magnetism must be reconstructed based on radiative diagnostics. In the Sun's corona, direct magnetic field measurement may again be possible by observing the polarization state of the emitted radiation in select forbidden emission lines.

8. PROVET HEALTHCARE INFORMATION - Magnetic Fields ProVet healthcare information article. http://www.provet.co.uk/health/diseases/magnetism.htm

Back MAGNETIC FIELDS, HEALING AND VETERINARY MEDICINE First broadcast on www.provet.co.uk This information is provided by Provet for educational purposes only. You should seek the advice of your veterinarian if your pet is ill as only he or she can correctly advise on the diagnosis and recommend the treatment that is most appropriate for your pet. There is growing interest in the application of magnetic forces on healing in a variety of tissues including bone and nerves. Considerable research is underway in a variety of species to determine whether or not the use of magnetic fields has any benefits in wound repair. In rodents it has been used to enhance early facial nerve regeneration (1), to enhance skin healing (12) (13), and to promote healing in ruptured achilles tendons (6). In rabbits it has been shown to increase bone strength (2), and it accelerates bone healing in guinea pigs (4). Lipid signal transduction in human cell lines has been shown to be affected in various ways by pulsed magnetic fields (3). Proteoglycan production is down regulated when chick cartilage extracellular matrix is exposed to pulsed electromagnetic fields (7) (8), and in two double-blind trials (17) (19) decreased pain and improved performance were recorded in human patients with osteoarthritis (mainly involving the knee) and pain improvement was also reported in post-polio human patients in another double-blind study (18) Positive vascular effects have been reported in human patients with hypertension (9) and in vitro reconstructive surgery of major arteries (10), and enhanced bowel healing has been reported in rats (11). Cancer cell growth has been reported to be slowed (14) in vitro. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study (15) pulsing magnetic field significantly improved patients with multiple sclerosis - based on performance scales and alpha EEG magnitude during a language task. In another randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial ulcers in leprosy patients healed more rapidly following exposure to pulsed magnetic fields (16).

9. Accueil The principle of the relativity of energy applied to unit systems, to electrostatics and magnetism, will give us a unified vision of the electromagnetic fields. http://perso.wanadoo.fr/j.p.serodino/Anglais/welcome.htm

Cette présentation comporte : An english version. Un résumé donnant un bref aperçu de la totalité des chapitres de notre travail. Un résumé de chacun des chapitres permettant d'obtenir une idée plus précise de notre théorie. Une étude détaillée des principaux points développés dans notre théorie. Cette page utilise des cadres, mais votre navigateur ne les prend pas en charge.

10. Understanding The Sun magnetism the Key to Understanding the Sun THE SUN IN ACTION The MSFC Solar Group Click on image for larger version. Solar Magnetic fields Solar Magnetic fields. magnetism is the key to understanding the Sun. magnetism, or magnetic field, is produced on the http://science.nasa.gov/ssl/pad/solar/the_key.htm

Magnetism - the Key to Understanding the Sun THE SUN Why We Study the Sun The Big Questions Magnetism - The Key SOLAR STRUCTURE The Interior The Photosphere The Chromosphere The Transition Region ... The Heliosphere SOLAR FEATURES Photospheric Features Chromospheric Features Coronal Features Solar Wind Features THE SUN IN ACTION The Sunspot Cycle Solar Flares Post Flare Loops Coronal Mass Ejections ... Helioseismology The MSFC Solar Group T he People Their Papers RESEARCH AREAS Flare Mechanisms 3D Magnetic Fields The Solar Dynamo Sunspot Cycle Predictions ... Solar Wind Dynamics PREVIOUS PROJECTS Orbiting Solar Observatories Skylab Solar Maximum Mission SpaceLab 2 ... Yohkoh CURRENT PROJECTS MSFC Tower Magnetograph MSFC Dome Magnetograph The RHESSI Mission The Ulysses Mission ... The Sun in Time (EPO) FUTURE PROJECTS The Solar B Mission The STEREO Mission The SDO Mission Solar Probe ... Interstellar Probe Click on image for larger version.

11. Magnetic Fields Any highschool or college text on electricity and magnetism will give a muchmore detailed description of magnetic fields and their properties. http://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/Education/wmfield.html

#2. Magnetic Fields People not familiar with magnetism often view it as a somewhat mysterious property of specially treated iron or steel. A magnetized bar has its power concentrated at two ends, its poles ; they are known as its north (N) and south (S) poles, because if the bar is hung by its middle from a string, its N end tends to point northwards and its S end southwards. The N end will repel the N end of another magnet, S will repel S, but N and S attract each other. The region where this is observed is loosely called a magnetic field; a more specific look at the concept of "field" is provided in a later section Either pole can also attract iron objects such as pins and paper clips. That is because under the influence of a nearby magnet, each pin or paper clip becomes itself a temporary magnet, with its poles arranged in a way appropriate to magnetic attraction. But this property of iron is a very special type of magnetism, almost an accident of nature! Out in space there is no magnetic iron, yet magnetism is widespread. For instance, sunspots consist of glowing hot gas, yet they are all intensely magnetic. The Earth's own magnetic powers arise deep in its interior, and temperatures there are too high for iron magnets, which lose all their power when heated to a red glow. What goes on in those magnetized regions? It is all related to electricity Matter consists of electrically charged particles: each atom consists of light, negative

12. Understanding The Sun magnetism, or magnetic field, is produced on the Sun by the flow of electrically Thesunspot cycle results from the recycling of magnetic fields by the flow of http://science.msfc.nasa.gov/ssl/pad/solar/the_key.htm

Magnetism - the Key to Understanding the Sun THE SUN Why We Study the Sun The Big Questions Magnetism - The Key SOLAR STRUCTURE The Interior The Photosphere The Chromosphere The Transition Region ... The Heliosphere SOLAR FEATURES Photospheric Features Chromospheric Features Coronal Features Solar Wind Features THE SUN IN ACTION The Sunspot Cycle Solar Flares Post Flare Loops Coronal Mass Ejections ... Helioseismology The MSFC Solar Group T he People Their Papers RESEARCH AREAS Flare Mechanisms 3D Magnetic Fields The Solar Dynamo Sunspot Cycle Predictions ... Solar Wind Dynamics PREVIOUS PROJECTS Orbiting Solar Observatories Skylab Solar Maximum Mission SpaceLab 2 ... Yohkoh CURRENT PROJECTS MSFC Tower Magnetograph MSFC Dome Magnetograph The RHESSI Mission The Ulysses Mission ... The Sun in Time (EPO) FUTURE PROJECTS The Solar B Mission The STEREO Mission The SDO Mission Solar Probe ... Interstellar Probe Click on image for larger version.

13. Magnet Man - Cool Experiments With Magnets Very few organisms are biomagnetic. While magnetism is quite important in the medical application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, our primary reason for learning about magnetism is to set the stage for the next chapter on atomic physics. http://www.execpc.com/~rhoadley/magindex.htm

Cool Experiments with Magnets This web site is devoted to magnetism and the cool experiments you can do with permanent magnets and electro-magnets. Some of the experiments are very basic - things you've done since second grade. Others are unique; perhaps you hadn't thought of doing some of these before, or had difficulty in trying to set them up. Lists of the materials needed for the demonstrations, directions on how to assemble them, instructions on how to show them, and notes on how they work are all here for you. Also shown are several cool magnetic toys you can buy. Of course, there are also links to useful sites, sources and books on magnets. Have fun! Rick Hoadley (For other cool toys and puzzles , check this out) Last updated: 22Feb2003. More to come! Here's what's new Wherever you see , that means that at the underlined link there is some kind of experiment you can buy or build which will help you learn about the world of magnetism. Magnet basics Safety Considerations What is magnetism? What is a magnet? History Ferromagnetism Diamagnetism Paramagnetism What are magnets used for?

14. Currents From Magnetism A further connection between electricity and magnetism was discovered by Faraday,who found that changing magnetic fields though loops of wire will cause http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_tech/node102.html

Next: Electric generator Up: Electricity and Magnetism Previous: Ferromagnets Currents from magnetism A further connection between electricity and magnetism was discovered by Faraday, who found that changing magnetic fields though loops of wire will cause currents to be induced. For example, consider the wire loop below, and imagine a bar magnet is brought into the vicinity. Figure 9.16: Wire loop If a magnetic field is pushed into the plane of this loop, a counterclockwise current will be induced, as indicated. Alternatively, if the magnetic field is pulled out of the loop, a clockwise current will be induced. These induced currents only exist as long as the magnet is moving, and will die off when the magnet becomes stationary. These induced currents have an interesting aspect as far as there magnetic properties are concerned. Recall from the last section that currents induce magnetic fields. Thus, by either pushing or pulling the magnet into or out of the wire loop, one is inducing magnetic fields within this loop. The direction of these induced magnetic fields are such that if one is externally increasing the magnetic field through the loop by pushing a magnet in, then the induced field will be such as to decrease the magnetic field through the loop; this is indicated in the previous figure. Alternatively, if one is externally decreasing the magnetic field through the loop by pulling a magnet out, then the induced field will be such as to increase the magnetic field through the loop. This feature that the magnetic effects of the induced current are such as to oppose the external change is known as

15. Molecular Expressions: Electricity And Magnetism - Interactive Java Tutorials Lines tutorial, this applet is used to illustrate how the magnetic fields surroundinga Mitosis We know this is not about electricity and magnetism, but have http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/electromag/java/

Galleria License Info Image Use Custom Photos ... Visit Science, The Galleries: Photo Gallery Silicon Zoo Pharmaceuticals Chip Shots ... Movie Gallery Interactive Java Tutorials Russian Abacus - This tutorial explores how the Russian abacus was once used to do simple arithmetic. By moving a set of beads back and forth across a set of framed wires, the visitor can do use this tutorial to do simple addition and subtraction. Atomic Orbitals - Electrons are distributed around an atom according to probability density distributions. Visitors can use this interactive Java tutorial to observe how combinations of atomic orbitals combine to create an electronic "shell" surrounding the atom. Factors Affecting Capacitance - Capacitors are simple devices designed to store electric charges. This tutorial explores how variations in capacitor plate area, separation distance, and the dielectric insulator work together to change the overall capacity of the capacitor. Charging And Discharging A Capacitor - Examine how electrons flow within a circuit consisting of a capacitor and battery using this tutorial. Visitors can throw a virtual switch to connect the circuit and observe the battery charge the capacitor. Once the capacitor is fully charged, the switch can be reversed to discharge the capacitor. How A Compact Disc Works - This tutorial explores how a laser beam is focused onto the surface of a spinning compact disc, and how variations between pits and lands on the disc surface affect how light is either scattered by the disc surface or reflected back into a detector.

16. Electro-Magnetism And Fields Faraday Michael Faraday, working in England derived an alternative way of looking at Coulombs work the Electrical Field. Trinity Episcopal Church Electromagnetism and fields Concepts of Physics Physics 005 Spring 2002 Additional Forces In http://www.lehigh.edu/~wik4/physics5/ElectroMagnetismandFields.ppt

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17. Magnet Man - Cool Experiments With Magnets Demagnetizing fields; Physical impact; What is near the Geographic North Pole, aMagnetic North or a Magnetic South? Experiment; Flipflopping poles; magnetism in http://my.execpc.com/~rhoadley/magindex.htm

Cool Experiments with Magnets This web site is devoted to magnetism and the cool experiments you can do with permanent magnets and electro-magnets. Some of the experiments are very basic - things you've done since second grade. Others are unique; perhaps you hadn't thought of doing some of these before, or had difficulty in trying to set them up. Lists of the materials needed for the demonstrations, directions on how to assemble them, instructions on how to show them, and notes on how they work are all here for you. Also shown are several cool magnetic toys you can buy. Of course, there are also links to useful sites, sources and books on magnets. Have fun! Rick Hoadley (For other cool toys and puzzles , check this out) Last updated: 22Feb2003. More to come! Here's what's new Wherever you see , that means that at the underlined link there is some kind of experiment you can buy or build which will help you learn about the world of magnetism. Magnet basics Safety Considerations What is magnetism? What is a magnet? History Ferromagnetism Diamagnetism Paramagnetism What are magnets used for?

18. Magnetic Fields Magnetic fields. Very few organisms are biomagnetic. While magnetism is quite importantin the medical application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, our primary http://www.rwc.uc.edu/koehler/biophys/5a.html

Magnetic Fields Very few organisms are biomagnetic. While magnetism is quite important in the medical application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, our primary reason for learning about magnetism is to set the stage for the next chapter on atomic physics . Ordinary "ferromagnetism", while interesting, lies outside the scope of this text. Magnetic forces are analogous to electric forces , and we use the same field model to understand them. In the case of magnetism, there is a force between currents , and so current "elements" (a length of current) are the sources of the magnetic field . The magnetic field due to a ( vector ) current element IL is B (r) x m I (L x R) x p r where m is the "magnetic permeability" and m p x 10 N / A (an exact value) is the magnetic permeability of the vacuum. The factor "(L x R)" is the "cross product" of the vector L with the vector R (pointing to the field point). The effect of the cross product is to make B perpendicular to both L and R . The direction of B at any point is tangent to a circle centered on and perpendicular to the current element: We say that B is an "axial" vector field because of its axial (cylindrical) symmetry with respect to its source. As we will see below, the orientation of the B field around the source current (clockwise or counterclockwise) is determined by the direction of the current (the flow of positive ions). You can view the magnetic field (in black) due to a current (in red) from different angles in 3D in a

19. Magnetism And The Sun: Magnetic Fields Sun Further Exploration Bibliography One way to describe magnetismis through magnetic fields. A magnetic field defines the http://solar-center.stanford.edu/magnetism/magneticfields.html

Magnetic Fields Next-> Home Introduction Magnetic Force ... Bibliography One way to describe magnetism is through magnetic fields . A magnetic field defines the magnetic force, the "push" or "pull," felt by a particle independent of its charge and velocity (the speed and direction of the particle) due to the presence of other moving charges. The stronger the field, the stronger the magnetic force felt by the particle. Likewise, the weaker the field, the weaker the magnetic force. In addition to describing the strength of magnetic force at various points in space, the magnetic field also describes the direction of the force on a particle with respect to its velocity. Magnetic fields can be visualized using magnetic field lines . These lines are curves where: At every given point the tangent (the line that intersects the curve only at the given point for an infinitesimal distance) is in the same direction as the magnetic field . If one were to place a compass in a magnetic field, the needle would point tangential to the magnetic field line. The magnetic field magnitude is proportional to the density of the lines.

20. Magnetism And The Sun: Stored Energy In Magnetic Fields final aspect of magnetism that is necessary to have a basic understanding of thedynamics on the surface of the Sun is the idea that magnetic fields can store http://solar-center.stanford.edu/magnetism/magneticenergy.html

Stored Energy in Magnetic Fields Next-> Home Introduction Magnetic Fields ... Bibliography The final aspect of magnetism that is necessary to have a basic understanding of the dynamics on the surface of the Sun is the idea that magnetic fields can store energy. The energy stored in a magnetic field is essentially the total amount of work required to assemble a system of moving charges. Stored energy in magnetic fields can be illustrated in the following experiment with a pair of magnets. Magnet Acrobatics: Equipment: Two magnets Procedure: Place a magnet on the table and hold it in place with one hand. Orient the other magnet above the one on the table such that each pole faces the same pole on the other magnet. Bring the top magnet down onto the other one on the table. The magnets should repel each other as you do this. Hold the stacked magnets together. Let go of the magnets, being sure to move your hands out of the way. The magnets will perform their acrobatics. What's Going On? When the two magnets are brought together, a force must be exerted for a given distance, i.e. work is being done to bring these two magnets together. Energy in the form of moving magnets is released when the one lets go of them. This release of energy causes them to jump. Next-> Home Introduction Magnetic Fields ... Return To Activities Last revised by Eugene on August 25, 1999

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