61. International Significance Of Tino Rangatiratanga the zapatistas. Solidarity Protest in Hong Kong against the killingof maori. indigenous peoples and the Law. Intersessional Working http://aotearoa.wellington.net.nz/int/

International- Globalisation and the commonality of indigenous struggles worldwide indigenous news @ infoshop Globalisation and the Tino Rangatiratanga Movement Peoples Global Action[join the struggle against Neo-colonisation] the natural world young indigenous womens summit ... Sitemap

62. Untitled Document Source indigenous peoples and the Law an online institute of law affecting indigenouspeoples http//www.kennett.co.nz/law/indigenous/. maori Land Court Index http://lianz.waikato.ac.nz/links_pages/maori-law.htm

Note: Links from this page will take you to pages outside our site or control, we therefore can not guarantee the accuracy or the availability of linked sites. Maori Law Maori Customary Legal Dictionary A searchable dictionary of Maori terms and phrases as they are used in customary legal and general legal contexts, made available on the LinxLaw site Towards a Maori Criminal Justice System (October, 1995) The purpose of this Joint Methodist Presbyterian Public Questions Committee Occasional Paper is to begin to explore the concept of a Maori criminal justice system. Maori Legal Resources A links page maintained by University of Waikato Law Library Maori Affairs Act 1953 Maori Fisheries Act 1989 Maori Language Act 1987 Te Ture Whenua Maori Act 1993 Selected Cases Te Runanga o Muriwhenua & Ors v Te Runanga o te Upoko o Te Ika Assoc Inc & Ors; Temuranga "June" Jackson v Treaty of Waitangi Fisheries Commission & Ors; Te Runanga O Muriwhenua & Ors v Treaty of Waitangi Fisheries Commission & Ors (Sealord's Case) Reshaping New Zealand's Appeal Structure Discussion Paper Dec 2000 by Hon.Margaret Wilson, Attorney General  – Issues for Maor Wiremu Maihi Te Rangikaheke: A Manuscript About Maori Knowledge, Its Retention and Transmission

63. Untitled Document Members are encouraged to post in maori and English so that others can readand learn. Other indigenous Lists. indigenous peoples' Literature. http://lianz.waikato.ac.nz/links_pages/indigenous.htm

Note: Links from this page will take you to pages outside our site or control, we therefore can not guarantee the accuracy or the availability of linked sites. Indigenous Sites Indigenous Peoples' Convention Native American Resources Midwest Treaty Network Canadian and US links ... Bill Henderson. Links to Aboriginal Resources  Land - Environment Forestry Sector - issues for Maori Maori Values for Land Use Planning Landcare Research. Ngati Awa Ngati Kahungunu Iwi Incorporated (NKII) Ngati Porou Ngati Tahu ... Te Runanga O Kirikiriroa NZ Online News Maori Online Media http://maorinews.com incorporating Te Karere Ipurangi, Te Putatara and other writings Te Putatara, a newsletter for the kumara vine. Maori news, views, comment and opinion. Published monthly as a webzine. Maori Review 2000 by Atihana Johns. Maori Discussion Forum The Maori Law Review is a reporter of law affecting Maori, the indigenous people of New Zealand/Aotearoa. Mana Magazine Maori News Tainui FM Tu Mai Magazine ... Iwi Radio Stations Maori eMail lists Te Putatara, a newsletter for the kumara vine.

64. Has Bioprospecting Gone Wild? active protection of maori in the use of that people's resources. But it's not alwaysan antagonistic situation between indigenous peoples and bioprospecting http://www.redherring.com/mag/issue95/250018225.html

MM_preloadImages('/images/nav_images/nav_home_on.gif') MM_preloadImages('/images/nav_images/nav_tech_on.gif') MM_preloadImages('/images/nav_images/nav_vc_on.gif') MM_preloadImages('/images/nav_images/nav_investor_on.gif') MM_preloadImages('/images/nav_images/nav_archive_on.gif') MM_preloadImages('/images/nav_images/nav_conferences_on.gif') Gainers Millennium Pharm Advanced Micro Devices Tpsa Telekom Polska Decliners Silverline Technologies Orascom Telecom Holding Net One Systems Co Has bioprospecting gone wild? International rights groups are working to protect indigenous peoples and their precious pharmaceutical resources. By Christopher Locke March 15, 2001 Imagine this. It's late and you're sleeping comfortably in bed. Without warning, government officials burst into your home and take your personal belongings. You sit stunned, still half-awake as they leave, with no recourse for justice. Sound impossible? Think again. For the nearly 350 million indigenous peoples worldwide, this could be a daily occurrence. Governments and big businesses work hard to secure natural resources that exist in rainforests and other biologically rich lands. And most of the time, land rights or the autonomy of indigenous peoples are not considered when investigating the possibility of procuring medicinal agents. From Argentina to Zaire, there is only one thing considered: the potential for a bumper crop of cash. Until recently, the main problem has been that indigenous peoples have not had legal representation on an international level to deal with these rights issues. This, however, is beginning to change.

65. Internet Resource Directory Indigenous Peoples And Tribes YOUTH CONFERENCE; Gopher interface to newsgroup; indigenous peoples'Literature; maori Organizations in New Zealand, New Zealand; Mayan http://www.eurosur.org/eng/indigeno.htm

66. Maori Publications, Newsletters, Papers And Articles maori maori newspaper collection. some speeches by Ross N Himona. other papersand articles by Ross N Himona. and other writings. indigenous peoples' Seattle http://maorinews.com/writings/papers/

maorinews.com mainly about Maori issues te hokioi te pihoihoi mokemoke , two newsletters from the 1860s te putatara , a newsletter for the kumara vine (from 1988) at maorinews.com te panui a wai-wharariki by Bruce Biggs niupepa Maori - Maori newspaper collection some speeches by Ross N Himona Speech at launch of CommunityNet Aotearoa website Speech to communty development conference other papers and articles by Ross N Himona Submission to Ngati Kahungunu constitutional review Article on celebration of Treaty of Waitangi - 1999 Building Communities and other writings Indigenous Peoples' Seattle Declaration - declaration by the indigenous caucus at the Third Ministerial Meeting of the WTO Nov 30-Dec 3, 1999 Neo-imperialism and the (mis)appropriation of indigenousness by Makere Harawira "Nga Mahi a Nga Tupuna" by Sir George Grey - double vowel version of Tama-A-Rangi edited by Bruce Biggs ... Te Tatau Pounamu o Mataatua Noho Whenua - News from Ohiwa January 1999 Research Methodologies - a book Smith, Linda Tuhiwai, "Decolonising Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples", Zed Books (London & New York) and University of Otago Press (Dunedin, NZ), 1999.

67. Maori Literature maori Students Officer Te Roopu maori 527 Castle Street. Otago University StudentsAssociation Dunedin New Zealand. indigenous peoples' Literature Return to http://www.indians.org/welker/maori.htm

Maori Literature "Kuaka marangaranga" "Whangaihia te tangata Ki te ika ora ia mo ra tahi, engari akohia ki te hi ora ia mo ake tonu ake (atu)". (Feed a man with fish, he will live from day to day, teach him how to fish, he will live forever.) "NAU MAI! HAERE MAI!" Ko te wharangi haukainga nei mo nga iwi katoa. Maori Women's Business Resource Nga Matatiki Rorohiko: Maori Resources te reo Maori - Language Home Page Maori Law Review a monthly review of law affecting the indigenous Maori people of Aotearoa (New Zealand). It is true that science is knowledge, but it is equally true that ALL knowledge is biased, ALL knowledge is culturally defined. In this we must shift our arguement from one of science to one of scientific method and this I believe is where the failing of western `science' arises. Our tupuna (ancestors) where obviously great scientists and scholars, how else were we able to adapt and survive in our respective lands, the navigation and maritime skills of my Polynesian forebears, and the great civiliszations and technologies of yours prooves this. However it is the way they aquired and analyzed knowledge which differs to western scientific method. Western Scientific method being one of `Hypothesis-Test-Hypothesis' means that all observation and experimentation is determined and largely defined by the initial theory upon which the hypothesis is based. The result of this is that the scientist will observe the data appropriate to the theory, (their observation being constrained by their theories), and will thus either prove or disprove that theory.

68. Teaching Indigenous Peoples Music In A Mainstream Context Zealand to study a similar situation where music of the maori (an indigenous Zealandand 2) raise some questions about teaching the indigenous peoples music in http://www.hifm.no/hif/avdelingene/bsf/kunstfag/musikk/Anithas hjemmeside/Teacni

Teaching Indigenous Peoples Music in a Mainstream Context Background The writer lives in Norway where there is a large population of indigenous people calls the Sami. They reside primarily in the north of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. The Sami speak a native language and have maintained a music tradition that has survived despite the threats of extinction. For years, they were not allowed to speak their language or to perform their music. However in 1997, the Norwegian school system issued a mandate that all teachers must instruct students in music of the Sami at the primary and secondary levels. In order to acquire knowledge for accomplishing this task, the writer travelled to New Zealand to study a similar situation where music of the Maori (an indigenous culture) has been incorporated in the music programs. As a result of the study, the writer proposes to do two things in this presentation: 1 describe the situation of indigenous music in teacher education in Norway and New Zealand and 2) raise some questions about teaching the indigenous peoples music in a mainstream context. Sami Music in teacher education in Norway In Norway, there is a national curriculum framework (1997) that details the subjects that should be taught and the percentage each should occupy in the total educational program. However, the plan does not specify the content of the Sami traditions to be taught. Nor does it suggest teaching materials and aids to be used in instruction. Yet, teachers are required to integrate the music in the total curriculum.

69. Indigenous Peoples Colonized Lands, Inhabited Minds, Captive waged over the centuries by indigenous peoples especially at the onslaught of historicalcolonial and assimilationist policies. Tara, as a maori youth, is http://www.umc-gbcs.org/unmay97.htm

Indigenous Peoples: Colonized Lands, Inhabited Minds, Captive Souls I introduced myself as "half-indigenous" to a Maori member of the World Council of Churches ecumenical delegation to the fifth session of the High-Level Segment of the Commission on Social Development (CSD) of the United Nations, which met in New York City during most of April. She replied, "Why don’t you just say you are indigenous?" Why not indeed? By "half-indigenous" I wanted to say I am part-Ilocano and part-Ibanag. I was more embarrassed than this Maori may have noticed. Her momentary response did not cause my embarrassment. Instead, it was my discovery later that day that I have not, until now, seriously conceived of my identity and praxis as an indigenous person, and I also have not adequately critiqued the "nonindigenous" in me. Rather, I have either introduced myself as a Filipino, the collective political identity of the peoples of the Philippines, or simply as an Ilocano, emphasizing what other language I spoke and where I come from geographically. My mother, Natalia de la Cruz, whom I love dearly, is an

70. Advancement Of Maori Opportunity Harmony and Empowerment through influencing the world by sharing our fundamentalvalues and practices as maori together with all indigenous peoples of the world http://www.maori-arts.com/amo/

71. Indigenous Media Network to campaign for the rights of indigenous peoples worldwide 32003, Cultural SurvivalWeekly indigenous News - March 2003, Aotearoa - Poem from a maori War Veteran http://www.indigenousmedia.org/

Home About us Network Members News ... Resources Making Indigenous Voices Heard Join IMN Subscribe Login Contact Todays Date: Founding Members Name: Moana Group: Maori Name: Kenneth Group: Mohawk Name: Lucy Group: Maasai Name: Tarcila Group: Quechua Name: Ang Dawa Group: Sherpa Our Mission This network was established to bring together indigenous journalists from all parts of the world to make our voices heard and to unite us in our common struggles. Our members are committed to reporting accurate news from an indigenous perspective and to using journalism as a tool to campaign for the rights of indigenous peoples worldwide. Indigenous Groups Maori Quechua Mohawk Sherpa ... Saami Date Title Journalist iraq - So-called "human shields" are returning from Iraq with a very different perspective from the one that led them there. Sub-Editor UNITED NATIONS Commission on Human Rights' - COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS TAKES UP DISCUSSION OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION Sub-Editor ... Sub-Editor The IMN is Supported by The Advocacy Project Developed by EcomAccess Powered by MIT

72. SPEAKERS - Indigenous Peoples And Racism Conference - Sydney, Australia 20-22 Fe Los Angeles · Aroha Te Pareake Mead, Manager, Cultural Heritage indigenous Issues,Te Puni Kokiri (Ministry of maori Development), New Zealand · Morris Te http://racismconference.com/2001/speakers.html

Speakers Include: Representatives of the UN Committee for the Elimination of all forms of Racial Discrimination Dalee Sambo Dorough , Indigenous Law Centre, Anchorage, Alaska Louise Mandell , QC, Vancouver, Canada Sarah Foster , Navajo Nation, Arizona, USA Duane Champagne , American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles Aroha Te Pareake Mead Morris Te Whiti Love , Director, WaitangiTribunal, New Zealand Graham Hingangaroa Smith , Pro Vice Chancellor (Maori), University of Auckland Linda Tuhiwai Smith , Unitech, New Zealand Geoff Clark , ATSIC Chair, Australia Jackie Huggins , Board Member, Reconciliation Australia Martin Nakata , Director, Aboriginal Research Institute, University of South Australia Mary Ann Bin-Sallik , Dean, College of Indigenous Education and Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide Terry Waia , Chairperson, Torres Strait Regional Authority, Torres Strait Islands Mick Dodson , Chair, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Margaret Reynolds , Chair, Commonwealth Human Rights International Advisory Committee ... and many other speakers, to be confirmed. Visit again for regular program updates.

73. Aotearoa: Underlying Causes Of Deforestation Analysed At Indigenous Peoples Work of Deforestation analysed at indigenous peoples Workshop. of September PIPEC (Pacificindigenous People's Environment Aotearoa, along with maori representation. http://www.wrm.org.uy/bulletin/62/Aotearoa.html

Aotearoa: Underlying Causes of Deforestation analysed at Indigenous Peoples Workshop The weekend of the 21st and 22nd of September PIPEC (Pacific Indigenous People's Environment Coalition) held a workshop on the Underlying Causes of Deforestation and Forest Degradation. The workshop was opened by the new Conservation Minister for New Zealand, Chris Carter, and had representatives from most of the Pacific nations' communities here in Aotearoa, along with Maori representation. Nearly all of the Pacific academics working in the tertiary sector attended, as did a representative of Siosiomaga Society from Samoa. There were four case studies presented; Aotearoa, Samoa, Soloman Islands and Tonga and the Pacific children were represented by speeches on the importance of forests in our lives by school children in the 10 to 13 year old age group. For most of us, this was by far the most moving part of the workshop as we got to see the next generation of forest activists in action. (many for the very first time) The second day of the conference saw a facilitated brainstorm on Pan-Pacific underlying causes, hoping to draw out potential solutions and major causes and actors. Given that this was an Indigenous workshop, it is not surprising that most of the solutions focused around political leadership, policy and will. Education and capacity building of Indigenous Peoples was identified as being the single biggest potential solution and this was seen within the context of building true independence.

74. International Council Of Nurses [Fact Sheet - The Health Of Indigenous Peoples: behavior of healthcare providers with respect to indigenous peoples. Education ofindigenous health care providers and system between the maori, the indigenous http://www.icn.ch/matters_indigenous.htm

Home News Room Nursing Matters The Health of Indigenous Peoples Nursing Matters fact sheets provide quick reference information and international perspectives from the nursing profession on current health and social issues. The Health of Indigenous Peoples: A Concern for Nursing As we reach mid point in the Decade of the World’s Indigenous Peoples (1994 –2003), ICN takes this closer look at the health status of indigenous peoples. There are more than 300 million indigenous peoples in the world, on every continent and representing many cultures. However, indigenous peoples are over represented among the world’s vulnerable groups, suffering low incomes, living in poor conditions, and lacking adequate access to employment, education, safe water, food and health care services. Although epidemiological data is scanty, available morbidity and mortality data point to the following health impacts on indigenous peoples: Life expectancy at birth is 10 to 20 years less than for the overall population in a country Infant mortality rates are 1.5 to 3 times greater than the national average

75. Indigenous PeoplesOpposition To The HGDP 8. maori Congress indigenous peoples Roundtable (June 1994) indigenous participantsfrom the World Council of indigenous peoples, Greenland Home Rule Government http://www.ipcb.org/resolutions/htmls/summary_indig_opp.html

Search IPCB: Use for more specific results Indigenous Peoples Opposition to the HGDP 1. Karioca Declaration (June 1982) Brazil An assembly of indigenous peoples worldwide who met prior to the UN Conference On Environment and Development (Earth Summit) in Rio De Janeiro. 2. The Mataatua Declaration (June 1993) A meeting of over 150 participants, from 14 UN member states, who developed and tabled with the United Nations the Declaration: 3.5 Calls for an immediate halt to the ongoing Human Genome Diversity Project until is moral, ethical, socio-economic, physical and political implications have been thoroughly discussed, understood and approved by indigenous peoples. 3. The UN-Working Group on Indigenous Populations (July 1993-94) An annual UN meeting at which on average 300-400 indigenous representatives attend. The working group and the Sub-commission on the Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities (comprised of 26 human rights experts) in Aug. 1994 approved Article 29 in the Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Article 29: Indigenous peoples are entitled to the recognition of the full ownership, control and protection of their cultural and intellectual property. They have the right to special measures to control, develop and protect their sciences, technologies and cultural manifestations including human and other genetic resources, seeds, medicines, knowledge of the properties of fauna and flora, oral traditions, literatures, designs, and visual and performing arts.

76. Hamilton Public Library The maori Law Review covers decisions of the maori Land Court and general courts,reports of the Waitangi Tribunal Links relating to other indigenous peoples. http://www.hpl.govt.nz/pathfinderwaitangi.asp

DynAPI.setLibraryPath('src/lib/'); DynAPI.include('dynapi.api.*'); - Select a Council Web site - Hamilton City Council Hamilton Events Hamilton Zoo Hamilton City Libraries Waikato Museum Exscite Hamilton Gardens - Other Pages of Interest - Weather Forecast Hamilton City Libraries Te Whare Pukapuka o Kirikiriroa Commemorating Waitangi Day 1999 at Hamilton City Libraries Waitangi Day Display Lecture Quiz ... Links on other indigenous peoples What are we celebrating? On the 6 th of February we commemorate the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi. The Treaty is seen as the founding document of our nation. It was signed in 1840 by representatives of the British Crown and Maori chiefs. Once considered irrelevant it has become a document central in determining the future of race relations in this country and in the redress of past injustices. The Treaty of Waitangi has different meanings for different people, but it has always remained important to Maori. Join us as we commemorate Waitangi Day 1999. What's on? Check out the following activities we are presenting Waitangi Day Display Take a look at our Waitangi Day displays in the Central Library from the 1 st to the 13 th of February. The displays illustrate aspects of our national day and some of the issues surrounding commemoration of the Treaty of Waitangi.

77. Broeke examines the emerging and topical debate on the cultural and intellectual propertyrights of indigenous peoples, with special attention for maori efforts to http://www.kun.nl/cps/22/nb22b.html

Index Contents Previous page Next page Oceania Newsletter 22, March 1999 MAORI CULTURAL AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS an Anthropological Approach to the Protection of Indigenous Rights within a Modern Nation-state and a Global Economy A New Research Project by Silvia Broeke The Treaty of Waitangi: a Conditional Cession of Sovereignty in New Zealand WAI 262: A Claim for the Recognition of Maori Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights In effect of government policies regarding economic globalization and liberalization of investments (such as the implementation of the provisions of the WTO in national law), six Maori tribes have lodged the claim WAI 262 with the Waitangi Tribunal. This claim is concerned with the recognition of Maori cultural and intellectual property rights and their political authority with respect to knowledge of native flora and fauna. According to the claimants, this knowledge was traditionally maintained by them and, as such, affirmed by the Treaty of Waitangi. The claimants argue that the New Zealand government has acted in breach with the Treaty of Waitangi in its legislation and policies, which have resulted in the denial of Maori exercising their political authority. The claim is focused on government policy which promotes the sale and export of the species under claim to overseas scientific and commercial companies arguing that it is in the best interests of all New Zealand citizens. Maori claimants, however, argue that by signing intergovernmental agreements regarding the liberalization of the world economy, such as WTO, Maori cultural values are denied and their intellectual property rights are endangered (Statement of Claim WAI 262 1991).

78. Maori/Pakeha Issues These would reflect the status of maori as tangata whenua in this country, with thesame right to selfdetermination as other indigenous peoples of the world. http://quaker.org.nz/whoweare/maoripakeha.htm

Yearly Meeting Statements Statement on Maori-Pakeha Issues (made by 1995 Yearly Meeting) As members of Te Hahi Tuhauwiri, the Religious Society of Friends, meeting at its annual business meeting in Christchurch at this critical moment in Maori-Pakeha relationships, we affirm our commitment to the promise of a Treaty-based relationship between our peoples, and confidence in the future of our life together. We recognise the historic wrong done to Maori by the Crown's failure to act in accordance with the Treaty. Pakeha New Zealanders are perhaps better able to begin to appreciate the effects of Maori dispossession after our more recent experience of government action to sell off public assets and restructure health and education. To some of these changes, Maori claims have been the only effective resistance. In spite of the rejection by Maori of the Crown's recent unilateral proposals for settling Treaty of Waitangi claims, the process of discussion has had some positive results in the unified articulation of what Maori regard as the real issues, and in the opportunity for them to meet members of the Government face to face to voice their deeply-felt hurt and anger. For many New Zealanders this has been a disquieting experience. We understand the apprehension. However we also recognise the extreme frustration experienced by Maori tribes and people, especially those of the younger generation, at the lack of real progress towards redressing historical grievances.

79. Feature Articles / Papers - Hauora Maori. Cindy Kiro (Ngati-Hine, Ngapuhi, Te Ra THE GENEVA DECLARATION ON THE HEALTH AND SURVIVAL OF indigenous peoples WORLD HEALTHORGANIZATION CONSULTATION ON indigenous HEALTH GENEVA, 2326 NOVEMBER 1999. http://www.healthsite.co.nz/hauora_maori/resources/feature/0001/002.htm

THE GENEVA DECLARATION ON THE HEALTH AND SURVIVAL OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION CONSULTATION ON INDIGENOUS HEALTH GENEVA, 23-26 NOVEMBER 1999 PREAMBLE We, the representatives of indigenous communities, nations, peoples and organizations attending the International Consultation on the Health of Indigenous Peoples, held in Geneva from the 23-26 November 1999, and organized by the World Health Organization, reaffirm our right of self-determination and remind States of their responsibilities and obligations under international law concerning health, including the health of Indigenous Peoples: Concerned that the health of Indigenous Peoples in every region of the world is acknowledged to be in a poor state due to the negation of our way of life and world vision, the destruction of our habitat, the decrease of biodiversity, the imposition of sub-standard living and working conditions, the dispossession of traditional lands and the relocation and transfer of populations; Welcoming the initiative of the World Health Organization for convening this International Consultation with Indigenous Peoples;

80. THE SHEAF ONLINE - U Of S Student Newspaper Since 1912 on indigenous peoples worldwide, having tremendous knowledge of the promotion andprotection issues of indigenous knowledge, and lectures widely on maori and http://duke.usask.ca/~ss_sheaf/2001/mar15/news/maori.html

U of S Student Newspaper since 1912! March 15, 2001 Volume 92, Issue 29 Maori leader launches new university center By Steve Wright Sheaf Staff Writer Problems faced by Indigenous peoples discussed On March 8, Dr. Graham Hingangaroa Smith, a renowned Maori educator, presented the first ever Governance Colloquium to launch the University of Saskatchewan's new International Center for Governance and Development. Dr. Smith gave his lecture, entitled, "Governance, Development and the Indigenous Peoples: Global Perspectives" in the Private Dining Room of Marquis Hall, with a lunch taking place beforehand. Smith spoke on many differing topics, focusing on the subject of the new political ideology of New Zealand and the impacts that have affected the Maori people. In New Zealand, a shift occurred from a welfare state economy to a free-market economy, causing a cascade of hardships for the Maori. As new hegemonies were created and equity in New Zealand was redefined, many Maori peoples found themselves without the familiarity of "state treaties," said Smith, which they had relied upon for many years. Previous state responsibilities such as education and health care turned into concerns addressed by the private sector, leaving the Maori people with "very little," he said. Smith added that Maori thought also differs from that of the state in many areas, causing further problems. The free-market economy changed the education system of New Zealand dramatically. In a country where very few qualified credential providers existed, many new establishments were able to flourish. It became easier to obtain a degree, and an emphasis was put on training rather than learning; knowledge was now seen as a tool to obtain financial success. The Maori did not agree with this, as knowledge to them was seen as being a gift that should be used to benefit the public good, explained Smith.

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