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         Mende Indigenous Peoples Africa:     more detail

1. Africa 306 Syllabus
africa commonly use 106 species. The importance of "partner" species to the food supply of indigenous communities is illustrated by the example of the mende indigenous peoples' use
http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~anthro/courses/306/syll_03.html
SYLLABUS for FALL 2002 There will be changes to this syllabus during the semester check the
MESSAGES-UPDATES page. Readings are in coursepack unless noted otherwise. Optional readings appear in italics . The book icon indicates longer-than-normal assignments don't wait till the last minute. Click here for the reference list.
Africa and Us
29-Aug Thu 3-Sep Tue Lenses Through Which We See Africa Conrad, Heart of Darkness ( web ); Kaplan 1994, The Coming Anarchy ( web ); Stone and Stone 1996, Out of Africa ( web 5-Sep Thu The Language You Cry In A Story of Roots Gullah-Mende handout ( web
Geography
10-Sep Tue Quiz 1
(mainly map) Physical Geography McNulty 1995, Contemporary Map of Africa (text); Africa maps ( web 12-Sep Thu Resources; Linguistic and Agricultural Geography Harlan, Indigenous African Agriculture ( Eres
Culture in Prehistory and Early History
17-Sep Tue Prehistory: Human Origins, Bantu Expansion OPT: Schick 1995, Prehistoric Africa (text) 19-Sep Thu Different But Equal Nubia, Egyptian Colonies, and Other Early History Highlights web
Colonialism and Culture
24-Sep Tue Caravans of Gold African Islam; Swahili culture

2. Africa Draft
gender and resource use among the mende of Gola in Meillassoux (ed.), The Developmentof indigenous Trade and Mair, L., peoples of africa, chapters 5, 10 (Nuer
http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/Courses/SE512/Preceeding_Years/se5121999.html
AFRICAN SOCIETIES Michaelmas and Lent Terms
Course Convenor:
Room: Eliot Extension L31
Dr David Zeitlyn
Email d.zeitlyn@ukc.ac.uk
Telephone extension: 3360
Other Teachers:
Room: Eliot Extension L41
Dr. N I Lovell Email n.i.lovell@ukc.ac.uk
Telephone extension: 7845
Location of Lecture: DLT2 (Monday 2.00 p.m.)
Location of Seminar: DLT2 (Monday 3.00 p.m.)
Number Registered for Course : max 40 Email list for Course : af-anth@ukc.ac.uk Assessment Procedure : You will be assessed by a combination of two essays, a bibliography on one of the topics covered and contributions to the course email list. At the end, a three hour examination is held. Essays etc contribute 10% of all marks, the examination 90%. You must make at least four contributions to the email list which include at least two article summaries (but not including essays and the bibliography which should not be sent to the list). Assignment Requirements : Essays need to be of at least 2000 words, not more than 3000 in length and must be typed
Deadlines for Assignments Essays must be handed in to the Departmental Office, L46 Eliot Extension and a receipt obtained as follows:
first essay on 18 December 1998 by 3.00 p.m.

3. Society For Threatened Peoples (GfbV) - Documents And Statements
africa, mende Nazer would face persecution in case of deportation to Sudan, Australia's100th Anniversary indigenous peoples are still Victims of Racial
http://www.gfbv.de/gfbv_e/docus/docus_e.htm
updated: October 2002
Society for Threatened Peoples (GfbV)
Documents and Statements
In documents and statements the GfbV publishes her research on cases of human rights violations committed against religious and/or ethnic minorities, among them the Indigenous Peoples. A selection of our publications is translated into english. Excerpts are published here. For more information's please visit the German site as well. Asia Africa Australia ... Statements at the United Nations
NEW: statements to the 57th session of the UN Human Rights Commission Canada / USA Helping the victims of terror worldwide Middle East Asia Expelled and Impoverished - India's Native Inhabitants GfbV Documentation on the Adivasi - Part 1 (Feb. 2001) No peace for Mindanao - Background about the civil war 4 May 2000 Support for India's Adivasi Portrait of Adivasi Koordination Deutschland Africa Mende Nazer would face persecution in case of deportation to Sudan Documentary, 31.October 2002

4. General Essay On The Religions Of Sub-Saharan Africa
its presence felt among the indigenous peoples who inhabited The choice of indigenoustraditions has been made Gittins, Anthony J. mende Religion Aspects of
http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/sub/geness.html
General Essay on the Religions of Sub-Saharan Africa
Religion in Sub-Saharan Africa has changed and evolved over the last two to three thousand years in many different ways. While the traditions depicted in this chart provide examples of those that exist today, and that were affected by the expansion of European colonialism in the 19th century, peoples living in the vast area south of the Sahara desert had already sustained rich systems of belief and practice long before the arrival of Christianity and colonialism, and certainly in some cases befroe the Muslim expansion from the Arabian peninsula. Islam entered Sub-Saharan Africa in the eighth century, and within six hundred years of the prophet's death had penetrated from the Sahara to the Sudanic belt, and from the Atlantic to the Red Sea, making its presence felt among the indigenous peoples who inhabited this expanse. Other transplanted religions have had virtually no impact upon Sub-Saharan traditions. With the exception of Judaism, these did not make any permanent incursion into the region until the 19th or 20th centuries. The chart suggests three wide areas of religious beliefs and practices: (I) Indigenous African religions; (II) World Religions (Baha'i, Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, Sikhism and Zorastrianism); (III) New Religious Traditions (African Independent Churches).

5. VADA - Volkeren En Stammen Peoples Tribes M (Native American, USA). MENDE (Sierr
East african Community. africa. East Indian Communities in the Caribbean Eastern Cape. africa. Ebira. africa. Ebola. africa. Ebony. United States
http://www.vada.nl/volkenmm.htm

6. General Essay On The Religions Of Sub-Saharan Africa
Religion in SubSaharan africa has changed and evolved over felt among the indigenous peoples who inhabited this expanse. Gittins, Anthony J. mende Religion Aspects of Belief and
http://www.philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/sub/geness.html
General Essay on the Religions of Sub-Saharan Africa
Religion in Sub-Saharan Africa has changed and evolved over the last two to three thousand years in many different ways. While the traditions depicted in this chart provide examples of those that exist today, and that were affected by the expansion of European colonialism in the 19th century, peoples living in the vast area south of the Sahara desert had already sustained rich systems of belief and practice long before the arrival of Christianity and colonialism, and certainly in some cases befroe the Muslim expansion from the Arabian peninsula. Islam entered Sub-Saharan Africa in the eighth century, and within six hundred years of the prophet's death had penetrated from the Sahara to the Sudanic belt, and from the Atlantic to the Red Sea, making its presence felt among the indigenous peoples who inhabited this expanse. Other transplanted religions have had virtually no impact upon Sub-Saharan traditions. With the exception of Judaism, these did not make any permanent incursion into the region until the 19th or 20th centuries. The chart suggests three wide areas of religious beliefs and practices: (I) Indigenous African religions; (II) World Religions (Baha'i, Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, Sikhism and Zorastrianism); (III) New Religious Traditions (African Independent Churches).

7. Background Notes Archive - Africa
Temne in the north and the mende in the The indigenous people mounted several unsuccessfulrevolts against Sir Milton's Sierra Leone peoples Party (SLPP) led
http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/af/sierraleone9406.html
Return to Africa Background Notes Archive
Return to Background Notes Archive Homepage
Return to Electronic Research Collection Homepage

8. FAIR TRADE - NI 322 - Country Profile: Sierra Leone
The indigenous peoples of the Protectorate were ready to take The major local languagesare Krio, mende and Temne the World’s Children 2000; africa Review 1999
http://www.newint.org/issue322/profile.htm
New Internationalist 322 April 2000 The millennium celebrations for the residents of Freetown, capital of war-torn Sierra Leone, were muted. Not for them the wild parties that were taking place in many parts of the world. A curfew, which began at 9.00pm and ended at 7.00am, made sure of a sombre awakening to the new millennium. For the settlers, whose descendants are known today as the Creoles, the early days were full of conflicts with the indigenous peoples who objected to their presence. But the settlers had an advantage in that they were educated and were wise to the ways of Europeans. Naturally, they held the top jobs in the British colonial civil service and were also prominent in the professions. They were also well represented in the Legislative Council, through which the British governed the Colony of Freetown. By the time of independence in April 1961, things had changed drastically. The indigenous peoples of the Protectorate were ready to take over political control when the British relinquished their hold on the country.

9. Anthropology 11: Review ForTest 4-Family, Religion, And Groups
PostIndustrial world • Original study indigenous peoples in Cyberia. Mbuti, Republicof Congo, africa. mende, Liberia, West africa female rite of passage.
http://www.umsl.edu/~wolfordj/courses/a11ws02/test4review.html
Weeks 14-16: Anth r opology 11 Introduction to Cultural Anthropology
Review fo r Test 4 (May 2, 2002) Covering Chapte rs 9, 13, and
Family and Household (242- 267)
Culture and the Supernatural (360- 387)
Grouping by Sex, Age, Common Interest, and Class
Professor John Wolford Department of Anthropology
University of Missouri-St. Louis Email wolfordj@msx.umsl.edu
: This review sheet does not purport to be all-inclusive of all possible material that will be covered on the test. In fact, it is not all-inclusive. It is the responsibility of the student to cover the assigned readings and to know the lecture material sufficiently well to do well on the test. This review sheet is intended only to be an aid to studying for the test. GO TO BOTTOM OF THE PAGE
Links to outside web pages Wolford's A11 Web Page My Gateway Page Reserves Page ... Lecture Notes for Chapter 11 Links to Section Headings inside this page: Chapter 9 (Family) Outline Chapter 9 (Family) Terms Chapter 13 (Supernatural) Outline Chapter 13 (Supernatural) Terms ... People to Know
Chapter 9: Family and Household (242 - 267)
The Core Questions of this Chapter—know how to answer them • What is the family?

10. People And Peoples (MP)
The mende language belongs to the NigerCongo family. to one of the three major racesof humans, mainly the indigenous peoples of Subsaharan africa and some
http://www.sneaker.net.au/docs/encyclo/C5.HTM

11. People, Plants, And Patents: 3. People
That indigenous peoples inhabit the most diverse fields and The mende farmers of SierraLeone, independent of In the Horn of africa, Ethiopian farmers maintain
http://www.idrc.ca/books/725/chap3.html
We cannot conserve the world's biological diversity unless we also nurture the human diversity that protects and develops it. We need diversity in the innovation processes related to biomaterials. Policymakers must find a way to stimulate innovation at the community, national, and international levels — in formal and informal, public and private sectors. The challenge of Agenda 21 is to find equitable mechanisms that allow these diverse forms of innovation to collaborate for the benefit of humanity.
COMMUNITY INNOVATION
In the aftermath of the Rio Earth Summit, the contribution of indigenous and rural communities as innovators has been recognized but not necessarily understood. That indigenous peoples inhabit the most diverse fields and forests of the world is sometimes viewed as both coincidental and unfortunate. That a correlation could exist between the uses made by people of biological diversity and the availability of that diversity is seldom considered.
Obviously, much of the innovative activity of farmers lies in their fields. The Mende farmers of Sierra Leone, independent of foreign experts, conduct field trials, test new seeds against different soil types, and compare results (Davies and Richards 1991). In the Horn of Africa, Ethiopian farmers maintain variety performance records, sometimes inscribed on door posts. Farmers normally breed for specific microenvironments, but it is often the case that their folk varieties can perform remarkably well in roughly similar environments in other parts of the world. Research institutes report the use of an Ethiopian farmer variety in Burkina Faso, and of a South African variety released in Ethiopia. Rural societies maintain agricultural biodiversity because it is essential to their survival. They breed their own improved varieties for the same reason. There is no useful distinction, for them, between conservation and development.

12. Fine Arts Museums Of San Francisco: EXHIBITION SALUTES IMPORTANT GIFT OF AFRICAN
a Peace Corps volunteer with the mende peoples in Sierra from West africa, primarilyfrom the peoples of Nigeria range of sculptural styles indigenous to West
http://www.thinker.org/press/press.asp?presskey=13

13. Africa & Puerto Rico
Africans were far advanced among the peoples of the Dahomey, lbo, Baules, Fantesand mende tribes, mostly of their own which the indigenous Indians readily
http://kalamumagazine.com/africa_puertorico.htm

Home The African Continent Articles African Aspects of the Puerto Rican Personality
by (the late) Dr. Robert A. Martinez, Baruch College The Cuban anthropologist, Don Fernando Ortiz, has stated that "Perhaps Puerto Rico was the Antillean nation least influenced today by the already distant waves of immigration of black trade, whose origin people still wish to attribute unjustly to the glorious Hispanic personality of Friar Bartolome de las Casas... But no doubt, in its music, in its vocabulary, in its psychology, the island received the affectionate and cultural imprint of the black man. For four centuries Puerto Rico lived under the dominant influences of Spain. Therefore, the overwhelming impact of the Spanish culture is clearly evident in all the cultural expressions of Puerto Rico. But a peculiar aspect of Puerto Rico’s development that now accounts for the ethnological and spiritual structure of the population is seen in the early mixture of Spanish and African inputs with those of the already native Indians of the island, the Tainos. At the inception of Spanish colonization, racial attitudes (or better stated, the lack of attitudes) were such that the Spaniards freely intermarried. The marriage of Pedro Mejias, a free mulatto who accompanied Ponce in 1509 (the first year of serious settlement in Puerto Rico) to one of the Taino women chiefs, (a cacica) Luisa, is in a sense, the symbolic parenthood of a people that would be derivative of all three blood strains represented in that early union.

14. Musées Afrique
indigenous Knowledge in South africa . Aquarelles deJoy Adamson peoples of Kenya . Rao, Toucouleur, Baga, mende, Bamana, Minianka
http://www.unil.ch/gybn/Arts_Peuples/Ex_Africa/ex_Af_musaf.html
MUSEES Afrique Afrique du Sud Angola Botswana Burkina Faso ... Zimbabwe
ou plusieurs oeuvres majeures. Afrique du Sud
Cape Town South African National Gallery Government Avenue ma-di 10-17 Arts de la perle / Expositions temporaires Cape Town - Gardens South African Museum 25 Queen Victoria Street lu-di 10-17 terres cuites de Lydenburg San (peintures rupestres), Zimb abwe Tsonga , Khoikhoi, Sotho, Nguni, Shona, Lovedu... Exposition " Ulwazi Lwemvelo - Indigenous Knowledge in South Africa Cape Town - Rosebank University of Cape Town Irma Stern Museum Cecil Road ma-sa 10-17 Arts de Zanzibar et du Congo: Lega, Luba Durban Art Gallery City Hall lu-sa 8.30-16; di 11-16 Durban Local History Museum Aliwal Street East London East London Museum lu-ve 9.30-17; sa 9.30-12 Grahamstown Albany Museum. Natural Sciences and History Museums Somerset Street lu-ve 9-13 / 14-17; sa-di 14-17 Johannesburg MuseuMAfricA Newtown Cultural Precinct
Bree Street ma-di 9-17 Histoire culturelle de l'Afrique australe. Peintures rupestres (Museum of South African Rock Art)

15. African Studies Video Titles
of this song, a burial hymm of the mende people brought explores the unique cultures,marvels of nature, indigenous peoples and remote lands of africa.
http://www.library.ohiou.edu/subjects/africa/afrvid.htm
Shortcuts to... Find BOOKS (in ALICE) Find ARTICLE Databases (in InfoTree) Find VIDEOS (in ALICE) Library Hours Library Phone Numbers Regional Campus Libraries View Your Circulation Record Course Reserves Interlibrary Loan/Document Delivery
ALICE InfoTree About the Libraries Site Search
Contents
Introduction New Materials (posted for 6 months) Booksellers Books (locating in Library) Government Documents Interlibrary Loan Internet Indexes (General, also see Reference) Journals (Specific Titles) Journal Indexes (Databases) Libraries (other Africa collections) Library Instruction Program Maps Media Microform ... Other Centers (and guides to Africa resources) Professional Interests (African Studies Association, etc.) Reference (on-line resources) Reference (print resources) Reserve Room Video (titles and resources, under construction)
African Studies Video and Films
at Ohio University
There are over 200 Africa-related video and film titles in the Library. One way to browse the collection is to search ALICE, the Library's Catalog, in the "Limiting-to-Video-Mode" by "Africa" as a subject for example, then browse your results. In searching for a particular title, a new acquistion, or rather specific topic the above video mode provides good results. However, for 'one-stop' overview of all African related video the following title list is useful.

16. Integrating Crops And Livestock In West Africa
garden contain useful semiwild or indigenous trees; these long without contact withsedentary peoples.” Monod also the Hausa, the Mossi or mende to arrange
http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/004/X6543E/X6543E03.htm
CHAPTER III
THE PROGRESSION FROM ARABLE CROPPING TO
INTEGRATED CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
Current Agricultural Production Systems in West Africa
The existing agricultural or farming systems in different ecological zones of West Africa are designed to produce subsistence food, cash sales and materials for local or industrial use. There is no generally accepted classification of farming systems in tropical Africa, but for convenience a classification which is based on intensity of cultivation and/or animal rearing is presented in Table 11. The various production systems are grouped under (i) traditional and transitional systems, and (ii) modern systems and their local adaptations. Traditional and Transitional Agricultural Systems In classical shifting cultivation, the homestead of the farmer is relocated near the cultivated fields after each cultivation phase. In practice the situation varies from where the farmer may never return to the same piece of land to situations where cultivation is repeated on the same plots. This cultivation system is ecologically viable in frontier situations where population density is low and fallow periods are long enough to restore soil fertility. Shifting cultivation in the classical sense has all but disappeared in West Africa and Morgan (1980) reported it to be restricted to parts of Ivory Coast and small areas between Nigeria and Cameroon (Figure 10). Nomadic herding is the extensive animal rearing counterpart of shifting cultivation in the savannah and more arid areas is discussed separately.

17. Sierra Leone
The mende moved into the area from the originally from many parts of africa had resettled differencesbetween the Creoles and indigenous peoples and hindered
http://users.safeaccess.com/mkoenigjr/fcfcollege/sierraleone.htm
All information provided by The 1998 Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia® , 1998. © Grolier Interactive Inc.
Download a map of Africa with Sierra Leone highlighted Download a map specific to Sierra Leone Facts about Republic of Sierra Leone
LAND
Area: 73,326 sq./km. (27,925 sq./mi. ).
Capital and largest city: Freetown (1985 pop., 496,776).
Elevations: HighestMount Loma, 1,948 m (6,389 ft); lowestsea level.
PEOPLE
Population (1992 est.): 4,456,737; density: 61 persons per sq./km. (160 per sq./mi. ).
Distribution (1985): 28% urban, 72% rural.
Annual growth (1991): 2.6%.
Official language: English. Major religions: traditional religions, Islam, Christianity. EDUCATION AND HEALTH Literacy (1990): 21% of adult population. Universities (1992): 2. Hospital beds (1983): 4,754. Physicians (1984): 262. Life expectancy (1992): women48; men43. Infant mortality (1992): 148 per 1,000 live births. ECONOMY GDP (1991): $1.4 billion; $330 per capita.

18. African Timelines Part III
Timeline of african history, 15th through early 19th centuries, from Central Oregon Community College.Category Society History By Region africa Slavery...... Nevertheless africa’s indigenous personality has managed to remain www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/mende.html. Westafrica, in 1839 its peoples and states
http://www.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/hum211/timelines/htimeline3.htm
Humanities 211
Prof. Cora Agatucci
6 October 1998 Part III: African Slave Trade
AD / CE 15th - early 19th centuries
With Brief Discussions: Height of Atlantic Slave Trade Black Holocaust "Middle Passage"
Resistance Diaspora
Olaudah Equiano
Dynamics of Changing Cultures ... Amistad Revolt
Contribute to African Timelines! New Submission Form
Add a Link or Comment: Under Construction See also Chronology on the History of Slavery and Racism [in the U.S.A.] , Eddie Becker, 1999:
http://innercity.org/holt/slavechron.html http://innercity.org/holt/chron_1790_1829.html 1830-the end: http://innercity.org/holt/chron_1830_end.html late 15 th c. Kingdom of Kongo flourished on the Congo River (modern Zaire, now Republic of Congo), a confederation of provinces under the manikongo (the king; "mani" means blacksmith, denoting the early importance and spiritual power of iron working) From Symbols of Royal Power: Stool (Detroit Institute of Arts' African, Oceanic, and New World Cultures: African Art) http://www.dia.org/collections/aonwc/aonwcindex.html

19. University Of Auckland
of development in subSaharan africa, Society for mende rice farming”, in EJ Crolland D Toward Traditional Resource Rights for indigenous peoples and Local
http://www.arts.auckland.ac.nz/ant/339/readings 339.htm
University of Auckland
Department of Anthropology
Applied Anthropology and Development, 1st semester 2002 List of Recommended Readings Abdoellah, Oekan Soekotjo. 1993. Indonesian transmigrants and adaptation: an ecological –anthropological perspective . Berkeley: Centres for South and Southeast Asia Studies, University of California at Berkeley. 307.2 A13 TAMAKI Alcorn, J.B., 1995, “Ethnobotanical Knowledge Systems – A resource for meeting rural development goals”, in Warren, D.M., L.J. Slikkerveer, D. Brokensha (eds.) The Cultural Dimension of Development: Indigenous Knowledge Systems , London: Intermediate Technology Publications, p. 1-12 Angrosino, Michael V. (ed.), 1976, Do applied anthropologists apply anthropology? Athens: University of Georgia Press. Amin, Samir 1990. Maldevelopment . London: Zed Books. 338.9 A51m ANU Development Studies Centre. 1985. Women in development in the South Pacific: barriers and opportunities . Development Studies Centre. Canberra: Australian National University. 301.412099 W87 NZP

20. Resource Information Center Liberia Information On The Physical
ethnic community organizations / cultural heritage / indigenous peoples. membersfrom the Kpelle, mende, Loma, and africa researcher Solomon Toweh notes that
http://www.ins.usdoj.gov/text/services/asylum/ric/documentation/LBR01001.htm

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