41. Case Study As a result, the settlers requested in 1888 that nauru be placed within a also playeda large role in curbing the expression of the nauruan culture because of http://www.american.edu/TED/NAURU.HTM

TED Case Studies Case Number: 412 Case Mnemonic: NAURU Case Name: PHOSPHATE MINING IN NAURU Case Author: Michael E. Pukrop, May, 1997 IDENTIFICATION LEGAL CLUSTERS GEOGRAPHIC CLUSTERS TRADE CLUSTERS ... OTHER FACTORS I. Identification 1. The Issue 2. Description This section contains nine parts: history, phosphate, damage, people, culture, economics, legal issues, settlement, and the future. HISTORY: The story begins in 1908, when the Germans, then in control of Nauru, began to mine the large deposits of phosphate located there. The island fell into the hands of the Australians after their soldiers liberated Nauru in the early months of World War I. The League of Nations subsequently set up a mandate system than Australia, Great Britain, and New Zealand administered together. These three states then set up the British Phosphate Commissioners to deal with the mining operation. In 1942, the Germans seized and occupied Nauru. After World War II, Australia became the chief administrator of the United Nations Trusteeship that included Nauru until independence for the island was granted in early 1968.(1) PHOSPHATE: Nauru's phosphate can be described as a cash crop, because it is the only resource with which the island can sustain an economy. Nauru exports the majority of its phosphate to Australia, which uses it as a fertilizer because its soils are poor for agriculture.(2)

42. Nauru: Report: Part III: Prospects nauru does not have a learning culture. This way of life has not yet been developedin the society. Motivation seems to be a significant factor for this. http://www2.unesco.org/wef/countryreports/nauru/rapport_3.html

The EFA 2000 Assessment: Country Reports Nauru Previous Page Part III Prospects In line with community aspirations and national needs expressed at the recent public forum, otherwise known as the National Economic and Development Summit held on the 24 th to the 26 th of February 1999, the Department of Education has redirected its focus and is in the process of redefining its area of focus with attention to points of concern raised in discussions. The education system is expected to respond by gearing its programmes that will prepare its citizens to cope with the changing economic and social conditions of the country. At the National Economic and Development Summit held in February of this year the point was stressed that Nauru could no longer live on the overseas investments from the days of phosphate mining. There will consequently be drastic changes to consumption levels, individual and community attitudes and the way of life of most Nauruans. It was also stated that there is no cultural background for private enterprise in Nauru so training and exposure to commercial experience is needed to equip suitable Nauruans for a business career in competition with foreign owned enterprises. Nauru has yet to show that it can come to grips with the problem of adjusting to reality after many years of prosperity. Education will be required to assist the community to come to terms with this adjustment. Unemployment, breakdown of family life and juvenile delinquency are closely linked. People may be unemployed because they do not want to work or because they cannot find work. Both apply to Nauru and both have to be tackled in a healthy society. Attitudes to work have to change through education and training and jobs have to be created in genuinely productive activities in a more diversified economy. Nauruan culture and society is under strain in transition to an uncertain future and those most at risk are the young, who, with the changing attitudes of the day do not have the full understanding of their cultural heritage to support them.

43. Nauru: Report: Part I: Descriptive Sections nauru needs to promote learning if it is to develop itself to a standard comparable Itneeds to develop a learning culture, which is not evident at the moment. http://www2.unesco.org/wef/countryreports/nauru/rapport_1.html

The EFA 2000 Assessment: Country Reports Nauru Next Page Part I Descriptive Section Description of review process: The report is a collective work done by the Education Department with associated Government, non-Government and the public agencies. The 1994 10 year plan was initiated by a public forum, ‘Education for Nauru Now and Beyond 2000". This was followed by a review by public forum in 1997 "Nauru Education for the 21 st Century and subsequently by the National Economic and Development Summit held on the 24 th to the 26 th of February 1999. Goals and strategies have been put in place for 5 years to allow for the changing face and place of education. UNESCO - Apia assisted by providing Mrs. Celia Barelle to help me with the preparation of this report, which is acknowledged with gratitude. The same goes to UNESCO - Apia who organised two Pacific EFA workshops, which enabled the report to be finalized and ready for presentation. Several points were raised in discussions in public forums about how the education system is expected to respond by gearing its programmes to prepare its citizens to cope with the changing economic and social conditions of the country. Introduction Nauru is an island Republic located 60km south of the equator. Its nearest neighbor is Banaba (Ocean Island) in the Republic of Kiribati, about 330km to the east. Its other bordering-neighbors are Marshall Islands to the north and Solomon Islands to the south. Its total land area is 21.square kilometers. It is 6 km in length and 4 km in width.

44. PacificGenWeb: Resources Air nauru The Republic of nauru; nauru Flag. Yokwe Eok; alt.culture.hawaii;soc.culture.asean; soc.culture.guinea-conakry; soc.culture.filipino; http://www.rootsweb.com/~pacifgw/resources.htm

This site is hosted by RootsWeb Resources Here is a collection of general resources of interest to genealogists researching their Pacific Islands genealogy. Browse by country or by topic Resources by Country South Pacific Organizer American Samoa American Samoa Flag Governments on the WWW: Samoa, American ... Western Samoa Flag Resources by Topic Flags Flags of the World Forums and Newsgroups Cook Islands Bulletin Board Fiji Bula Forum Guam Yahoo! Groups Island Time - Discussion Forum for Pacific Islanders in Europe ... soc.genealogy.australia+nz General Commonwealth War Graves Commission Genealogical Gleanings - Royal and Noble Lineages Joseph Matua's - Samoa and I Government Directory of the World's Embassies and Consulates Governments History de Young Museum Collections: Oceanic Art Hawaii Research Center for Futures Studies The Journal of Pacific History Polynesian Migrations ... Polynesian Voyaging Society Libraries Center for World Indigenous Studies Institute for Global Communications Progressive Directory National Library of Australia - Pacific Collection National Library of New Zealand, Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa ... The World-Wide Web Virtual Library of Pacific Studies Maps EarthRISE Excite - Travel Guide - Countries in Oceania Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection Museums The Bishop Museum Archives (Hawaii) Pacific Islands Association of Libraries and Archives Pacific Manuscripts Bureau Pan Pacifica News The CocoNET Wireless - Pacific Islands News and Information Pictures The Centre for Cross-Cultural Research Moving Images of the Pacific Islands Place Names

45. Republic Of Nauru (Traditional Culture) The South PacificRepublic of nauru, Return to the theme menu..title. Traditional Dance (Photo courtesyGaragara banana). Sound http://inpaku-kagoshima.com/en/island/TheSouthPacific/RepublicofNauru/Traditionc

Search The South Pacific-Republic of Nauru title Traditional Dance (Photo courtesy:Garagara banana) Sound icon Video icon In the case that there are sound data and movie data the above icon is displayed. Install necessary plug-in software to open sound data movie data

46. Nauru Picture Gallery Perhaps less well known are the nauru people who have a very distinctand beautiful history, culture, customs, rituals and lifestyle. http://www.janeresture.com/nauru_picture_gallery/

NAURU PICTURE GALLERY The island of Nauru is well known for the phosphate mining that took place there. Perhaps less well known are the Nauru people who have a very distinct and beautiful history, culture, customs, rituals and lifestyle. They were at one with their island and its surrounds. The images on this Web site are both historical and rare and show the people of Nauru as they existed before 1921. This was a time when their culture, customs and lifestyle had not been excessively disrupted by the phosphate mining and the brutal Japanese occupation during World War 2. This Web site is an important historical and anthropological statement about the Nauruan people. A traditional Nauruan village. Click on the above for a larger image. A road bordered with coral makes the twelve mile circuit of the island of Nauru, following the beach for the entire distance. Click on the above for a larger image. A lady carrying coconut drinking vessels. In her hand she holds an implement for grating coconut. The beautiful Nauru lagoon.

47. UNESCO Sector For Culture: Links (Window To Culture) Top Ministries of culture nauru, Ministry of Education Title nauru, Ministryof Education. Address Government Offices, Yaren District. Internet (URL), http://www.unesco.org/culture/links/Detailed/144.shtml

Cultural Policy Resources Issues on Culture and Development From Diversity to Pluralism ... United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNESCO Sitemap Glossary Links News and Events ... Search Languages English French Spanish Publications Statutory Texts Write to us Frequently Asked Questions About Culture Anniversaries, Days and Decades Fellowships Funding and Patronage Prizes Recruitment and Internships Who's Who? options Add to the Database Top Ministries of Culture : Nauru, Ministry of Education Title: Nauru, Ministry of Education Address: Government Offices, Yaren District Internet: (URL) Email: Country: Nauru Region: Asia and the Pacific Themes: Description: last updated on: 2003-03-25 - 15:31:12 509 links

48. Culture And Communication Pacific subregion statistical indicators culture, Country, Estimated number of adultilliterates, Estimated adult illiteracy rate (%). 1985, 1995, 1995. .. nauru, http://www.unesco.org/focus/statpaccac.html

Pacific subregion statistical indicators Culture Country Estimated number of adult illiterates Estimated adult illiteracy rate (%) Total (000) %F Total (000) %F Total Male Female Oceania Australia Cook Islands Fiji Kiribati Nauru New Zealand Niue Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Communication Country Daily newspapers (number of copies per 1,000 inhabitants) Radio receivers (per 1,000 inhabitants) Television receivers (per 1,000 inhabitants) Telephone main lines (per 1,000 inhabitants) Oceania Australia Cook Islands Fiji Kiribati Nauru New Zealand Niue Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Source : Data Collection and Analysis Section, UNESCO

49. President Harris, Rene Min. Of Civil Aviation Harris, Rene Min. Last Updated 7/18/01. nauru. President, Harris, Rene. Min. of Health, Botelanga,Nimrod. Min. of Home Affairs culture, Harris, Rene. Min. of Industry, Harris,Rene. http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/chiefs/chiefs125.html

Nauru - 7/18/01 Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments Last Updated: 7/18/01 Nauru President Harris, Rene Min. of Civil Aviation Harris, Rene Min. of Economic Development Namaduk, Remy Namaduk, Remy Min. of Finance Amwano, Aloysius Min. of Foreign Affairs Harris, Rene Min. of Good Governance Amwano, Aloysius Min. of Health Botelanga, Nimrod Harris, Rene Min. of Industry Harris, Rene Min. of Investments Harris, Rene Min. of Justice Thoma, Godfrey Min. of Marine Resources Thoma, Godfrey Min. of Public Service Harris, Rene Min. of Sports Botelanga, Nimrod Min. of Telecommunications Namaduk, Remy Min. of Transportation Namaduk, Remy Harris, Rene Min. Assisting the President Namaduk, Remy Permanent Representative to the UN, New York Clodumar, Vinci Niel Chiefs of State Home

50. Excite Deutschland - Web - Katalog - Nauru Forum Usenet soc.culture.pacific-island. 6 Web-Sites in der Kategorienauru. 1. A Day in nauru, A brief travelogue and photos of the island. http://www.excite.de/directory/Regional/Oceania/Nauru

WETTER HOROSKOP WEB-KATALOG REISE ... SUCHE W E B - K A T A L O G GRUSSKARTEN makeAD("http://ad.tiscali.com","/SITE=DE.EX.EXCITE/AREA=SEARCH.HOME/POS=C1/LANG=IT/AAMSZ=468x60",468,60) Web Katalog - das Beste im Web WEB BILDER VIDEO NEWS ... Oceania Nauru Tarot bei Excite Internet Zugang DSL Modem Telefonie Satellit Surf Tipps News Entertainment Games Sport ... Forum - Usenet soc.culture.pacific-island 6 Web-Sites in der Kategorie Nauru A Day in Nauru A brief travelogue and photos of the island. http://micronesia.freeservers.com/nauru.htm CIA World Factbook Entry Comprehensive information on geography, people, government, economy, communications, transportation, military and transnational issues. http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/nr.html Nauru - World Desk Reference Charts, diagrams, maps, facts and statistics for business and homework use. http://travel.dk.com/wdr/NR/mNR_Intr.htm Nauru bulletin board A reasonably active bulletin board hosted at Delphi (you need to sign up to use it). http://forums.delphiforums.com/nauru68/start OCEAN98: Nauru General introduction with history, photos and information. http://www.ocean98.org/seahnaur.htm

51. Excite Deutschland - Web - Katalog - Society And Culture 7 WebSites in der Kategorie Society and culture. 1. Civil Society in the New Millennium,Results of a focus group in nauru asking people's views of their society http://www.excite.de/directory/Regional/Oceania/Nauru/Society_and_Culture

WETTER HOROSKOP WEB-KATALOG REISE ... SUCHE W E B - K A T A L O G GRUSSKARTEN makeAD("http://ad.tiscali.com","/SITE=DE.EX.EXCITE/AREA=SEARCH.HOME/POS=C1/LANG=IT/AAMSZ=468x60",468,60) Web Katalog - das Beste im Web WEB BILDER VIDEO NEWS ... Nauru Society and Culture Tarot bei Excite Internet Zugang DSL Modem Telefonie Satellit Surf Tipps News Entertainment Games Sport ... Nauruan Dictionaries 7 Web-Sites in der Kategorie Society and Culture Civil Society in the New Millennium Results of a focus group in Nauru asking people's views of their society. http://www.commonwealthfoundation.com/information/infosheet4 3.html Ethnologue Details of languages spoken in Nauru. http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=Nauru Jane's Nauru Home Page Detailed information on Nauru including contemporary and historical perspectives as well as historical picture galleries and traditional Nauru images of village life, phosphate mining and World War 2 battle for Nauru. http://www.janeresture.com/nauru_home/index.htm Kayser's Nauru Grammar Notes about grammar of Nauruan. http://www.trussel.com/kir/comrie.htm

52. Vindex, De Vindplaats Van Het Nederlandse Web Terug naar het overzicht. Huidige rubriek, Regional Oceania nauru Societyand culture. Subrubrieken, nauruan Dictionaries@, Verwante Rubrieken, http://www.vindex.nl/dir/Regional/Oceania/Nauru/Society_and_Culture

hulp contact persoonlijke instellingen voeg uw site toe ... Opties: Samenvatting 1 url per domein Sites in nieuw venster Staat uw webpagina nog niet in Vindex? Meld deze dan nu aan! Url: Emailadres: Zoek in de webgids: Terug naar het overzicht Huidige rubriek Regional Oceania Nauru Society and Culture Subrubrieken Nauruan Dictionaries@ Verwante Rubrieken Regional:Oceania:Society and Culture Links Nauruan Gevonden in rubriek: Regional Oceania Nauru Society and Culture Omschrijving: Links about the national language. http://www.trussel.com/f_nau.htm Jane's Nauru Home Page Gevonden in rubriek: Regional Oceania Nauru Society and Culture Omschrijving: Detailed information on Nauru including contemporary and historical perspectives as well as historical picture galleries and traditional Nauru images of village life, phosphate mining and World War 2 battle for Nauru. http://www.janeresture.com/nauru_home/index.htm Kayser's Nauru Grammar Gevonden in rubriek: Regional Oceania Nauru Society and Culture Omschrijving: Notes about grammar of Nauruan. http://www.trussel.com/kir/comrie.htm

53. Resources On The Marshall Islands --Editor's Notebook -- Archive June & July 200 Clothing mat, Majuro Atoll, Accessible via Material culture Page. GermanPostal Services on nauru, Accessible via Table of Contents. http://marshall.csu.edu.au/WhatisNew07_2002.html

Resources on the Marshall Islands Editor's Notebook Archive June and July 2002 by Dirk H.R. Spennemann 2 July 2002 Minor site maintenance The stamp section of the Resources of the Marshall Islands website received a write-up in the Glassine Surfer column of the The American Philatelist Updated usage statistics for Portal Page Added to here Updated usage statistics for Total Site Counter Page Added to here New countries represented in last months' statistics: Antigua and Barbuda (ag), Albania (al), Belize (bz), Cayman Islands (ky), Cook Islands (ck), Nauru (nr), Nicaragua (ni), Saint Lucia (lc) Total list of countries now 108. Use Statistics for the total Site for the the period January to June 2002 Added to here Updated editorial information . Accessible via here 27 June 2002 Minor site maintenance Marshallese spear Accessible via Material Culture Page Marshallese spear Accessible via Material Culture Page Marshallese spear Accessible via Material Culture Page Sword studded with shark teeth Accessible via Material Culture Page Dancing stick Accessible via Material Culture Page 26 June 2002 Minor site maintenance Marshallese spear Accessible via Material Culture Page Marshallese spear Accessible via Material Culture Page Marshallese spear Accessible via Material Culture Page Marshallese spear Accessible via Material Culture Page CyberTeddy's Top 500 WebSite award Accessible via Awards Page 25 June 2002 Minor site maintenance Stone-lined burials, Rongelap Atoll

54. Resources On The Marshall Islands --Editor's Notebook -- Archive January 2002 Modern Marshallese Canoes A Photo Essay by Dirk HR Spennemann, added to culture.1 January 2002. Catching Frigate Birds on nauru , probably pre 1905, http://marshall.csu.edu.au/WhatisNew01_2002.html

Resources on the Marshall Islands Editor's Notebook Archive January 2002 by Dirk H.R. Spennemann 25 January 2002 Minor site maintenance Updated information Kwajalein Atoll Accessible via Atoll page Updated information Mile Atoll Accessible via Atoll page Archived update log for December 2001 added to this page Updated site file list added to this page 17 January 2002 Updated information Rongelap Atoll Accessible via Atoll page Updated information Nadikdik (Knox) Atoll Accessible via Atoll page Updated information Majuro Atoll Accessible via Atoll page 11 January 2002 Updated information Marshallese handicraft: Various Utilities Accessible via Handicraft page The waves of 1989. Erosion on Majuro ("Laura") Island, Majuro AtollA Photo Essay by Dirk HR Spennemann added to Environment 10 January 2002 Minor site maintenance Nadikdik (Knox) AtollA Photo Essay by Dirk HR Spennemann Includes photos of the beach formation as well as a panoramic view of the lagoon at low tide added to Environment Mejatto Island, Kwajalein AtollA Photo Essay by Dirk HR Spennemann added to Environment 9 January 2002 Minor site maintenance The Environment of Mejatto Island, Kwajalein AtollA Photo Essay

55. Research See also Regional Oceania Society and culture (17). Civil Society in the NewMillennium Results of a focus group in nauru asking people's views of their http://www.anthro.net/cgi-anthro/xdirectory.cgi?dir=/Regional/Oceania/Nauru/Soci

56. Research The Republic of nauru Detailed concise information about the republic,including a map. Usenet soc.culture.pacific-island - Google Groups. http://www.anthro.net/cgi-anthro/xdirectory.cgi?dir=/Regional/Oceania/Nauru/

57. Nauru '99 Diary Speaking of nauru facts, and since we only have another day or so in the than an observation I am very curious as to the ancient, traditional culture of the http://auldtom.com/cgi-bin/nauru.pl?July 14

58. Nauru The Governments of nauru and Australia reached a $70.4 million outof-court In thetraditional culture, women occupy a subordinate role, with limits on their http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2000/eap/752.htm

[Print Friendly Version] Nauru Country Reports on Human Rights Practices Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor February 23, 2001 The Republic of Nauru, a small Pacific island with approximately 10,500 inhabitants, gained independence in 1968, at which time it adopted a modified form of parliamentary democracy. Nauru has two levels of government, the unicameral Parliament and the Nauru Island Council (NIC). Parliamentary elections must be held at least triennially. The Parliament, consisting of 18 members from 14 constituencies, is responsible for national and international matters. It elects the President, who is both Chief of State and Head of Government, from among its members. The NIC acts as the local government and is responsible for public services. The judiciary is independent. Nauru has no armed forces, although it does maintain a small police force (less than 100 members) under civilian control. The economy depends almost entirely on the country's declining phosphate deposits. Secondary reserves and residual mining may extend the productivity of its mines. The government-owned Nauru Phosphate Corporation (NPC) controls the mining industry. The Government places a large percentage of the NPC's earnings in long-term investments meant to support the citizenry after the phosphate reserves have been exhausted. The Governments of Nauru and Australia reached a $70.4 million out-of-court settlement in 1993 for rehabilitation of the Nauruan lands damaged by Australian phosphate mining. Two new banks opened during the year. Media reports indicate that significant offshore deposits are associated with these new banking facilities. The Government is working with the Pacific Finance Technical Assistance Center (an International Monetary Fund facility based in Fiji) to update its banking regulations.

59. Nauru The Governments of nauru and Australia reached a $70.4 million outof-court of specifichuman rights abuses, but in the traditional culture, women occupy a http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/1999/299.htm

[Print Friendly Version] Nauru Country Reports on Human Rights Practices Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor February 23, 2000 The Republic of Nauru, a small Pacific island with approximately 10,500 inhabitants, gained independence in 1968, at which time it adopted a modified form of parliamentary democracy. Nauru has two levels of government, the unicameral Parliament and the Nauru Island Council (NIC). Parliamentary elections must be held at least triennially. The Parliament, consisting of 18 members from 14 constituencies, is responsible for national and international matters. It elects the President, who is both Chief of State and Head of Government, from among its members. The NIC acts as the local government and is responsible for public services. The judiciary is independent. Nauru has no armed forces, although it does maintain a small police force (less than 100 members) under civilian control. The economy depends almost entirely on the country's declining phosphate deposits. Secondary reserves and residual mining may extend the productivity of its mines. The government-owned Nauru Phosphate Corporation (NPC) controls the mining industry. The Government places a large percentage of the NPC's earnings in long-term investments meant to support the citizenry after the phosphate reserves have been exhausted. The Governments of Nauru and Australia reached a $70.4 million out-of-court settlement in 1993 for rehabilitation of the Nauruan lands damaged by Australian phosphate mining. Two new banks opened during the year. Media reports indicate that significant offshore deposits are associated with these new banking facilities. The Government is working with the Pacific Finance Technical Assistance Center (an International Monetary Fund facility based in Fiji) to update its banking regulations.

60. Country Reports Source Hanson Cooke Ltd. Introduction to nauru. Find a country profile,information on the culture, history, lifestyle, people and more. http://www.classbrain.com/cb_cr/cb_cr_tour/tour_no.html

Home 1st - 3rd Grade State Reports Country Reports Mission Reports Freedom Files Kids Freedom Files Movies in the Classroom Games Monthy Grab Bag Teens ClassBrain Store Corporate Information Tourism M-N-O Click on a country below to see Tourist Sites New Caledonia (NC) Nigeria (NI) Suriname (NS) Niue (NE) ... Southern Ocean (OO) New Caledonia (NC) New Caledonia Tourism Useful information such as maps, new developments, leisure, discoveries, photos, videos and literature. Source: New Caledonia World Skip Travel, people, culture, news, activities, sports, history and tons more literature on relevant issues. Source: World Skip Pictures Discovery View several hundred photos of the country. Source: South Pacific Online [Top of Page] Niue (NE) The People of Niue Photos of nature, scenic sights, culture, history, people, sports and more. Source: RockET Escape Artist.com A page of resources devoted to Niue. Source: Escape Artist Niue Tourism Source: Niue Tourism Office [Top of Page] Norfolk Island (NF) Tourist site A guide to the island, views of the island, forums, schools, activities and a search engine for more.

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