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         Oceanography Scuba Diving Safety & Regulations:     more detail

1. Scientific Diving Safety Manual: Section 1.00
1.10 THE SCIENTIFIC diving STANDARDS the basic regulations and procedures for safety in scientific diving operations. the Scripps Institution of oceanography (SIO). Adherence to the diver in the water) for scuba diving.
http://www.sfos.uaf.edu:8000/dive/manual/section1.html
Home Dive Manual SFOS Home
SECTION 1.00
GENERAL POLICY
1.10 THE SCIENTIFIC DIVING STANDARDS
1.11 Purpose
The purpose of these Scientific Diving Standards is to ensure that all scientific diving is conducted in a manner that will maximize protection of scientific divers from accidental injury and/or illness, and to set forth standards for training and certification which will allow a working reciprocity between UA and other American Academy of Underwater Sciences (AAUS)-recognized scientific diving programs. Fulfillment of the purposes shall be consistent with the furtherance of research and safety. This document sets minimal standards for the establishment of the UA scientific diving program, the organization for the conduct of this program, and the basic regulations and procedures for safety in scientific diving operations. It also establishes a framework for reciprocity between AAUS organizational members which adhere to these minimum standards. This manual been modified from the procedures developed and written by the AAUS by compiling the policies set forth in the diving manuals of several university, private, and governmental scientific diving programs. These programs share a common heritage with the scientific diving program at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO). Adherence to the SIO standards has proven both feasible and effective in protecting the health and safety of scientific divers since 1954. In 1982, OSHA exempted scientific diving from commercial diving regulations (29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart T) under certain conditions which are outlined below. The final guidelines for the exemption became effective in 1985 (Federal Register, Vol. 50, No.6, p.1046). The AAUS is recognized by OSHA as the scientific diving standard setting organization.

2. 404 Error - Page Not Found
outlines regulations and scuba diving " 1980. Stewart, James R., "Procedures for Shipboard diving and University Guide for diving safety ". Scripps Institution of oceanography,
http://www.hse.gov.uk/spd/content/div_orgs.htm
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3. Dayo Scuba Diving Resources And Links
2.20 scuba diving Procedures. 5. 2.21 regulations and procedures for safety in film production diving operations. Institution of oceanography (SIO). Adherence to the SIO standards has
http://www.dayoscuba.com/links.htm
Dayo Scuba
( These listings DO NOT constitute an endorsement by Dayo Scuba ) Contents Dive Related Organizations
Diving Software

Travel

Local Links Page
...
General Online Shopping
Dive Related Organizations
ADA
Active Divers Assoc., So FL
ANDI
American Nitrox Divers International
Bioluminesence Web Page
This site is a comprehensive guide to everything that sparkles in the sea, from dinoflagellates to dragonfish.
Cambrian Foundation
Dedicated to Research, Education, Preservation, and Exploration of the Aquatic Realm.
Cave Diver's Forum
CDS Cave Diving Section of NSS CEDAM CGA Compressed Gas Association Coral Reef Alliance A ocean environment based conservation group...help save our reefs! Diver's Alert Network DEMA DIWA Diving Instructor World Association DRI Dive Rescue International ER Extended Range Organization Fish Catalog Look up fish name Regulations. Lobster Season: August 6 thru March 31 Florida Marine Fisheries Fishes common to the Gulf and Atlantic.

4. Exclusive And Exemptions From OSHA's Commercial Diving Standards
scuba diving instructors and regulations are designed to promote safety oceanography of the University of California (Scripps) in the early 1950s. Further, in 1973, diving safety
http://www.underwater.com/archives/arch/uw-sp99.05.htm
Archives
ARTICLES FROM BACK ISSUES OF UNDERWATER MAGAZINE Archives Subscribe Advertise Editorial Schedule ... Home
Article reprint - Spring 1999
Exclusive and Exemptions From OSHA's Commercial Diving Standards
By -
Stephen Sea Butler
The original OSHA diving standard provided three specific exclusions which remain in effect as follows: Diving governed by the Protection of Human Subjects regulations of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW) or equally effective rules or regulations of another Federal Agency - Diving operations which are governed by 45 CFR Part 46 are not within the scope of OSHA’s commercial diving standard. Such operations involve research and development or related scientific activities requiring human subjects and receive HEW grants or contracts. Compliance with HEW regulations is mandatory for such employers or contractors, and the regulations are designed to promote safety and health. Similarly, any other Federal agency which adopts rules orregulations that are equally effective (i.e., similar in design, purpose, and effect to those of HEW) are covered by this exclusion. The exclusion is supported in the record on the grounds that it would permit continued scientific research designed to extend the safe limits of diving physiology and technology. The long-term safety and health interests of divers are best served by the continuation of this research, and such diving cannot reasonably be expected to comply in every respect with a standard which is designed to reflect current commercial diving operational practice.

5. Lots O Links
Covering Aquaculture, Conservation, Fisheries, oceanography, Maritime Heritage OSHAregulations scuba diving. regulations from the Occupational safety Health
http://www.nydiver.com/scuba info links.htm
Lots O Links NY Dive Clubs Web Sites Nitrox Dive Safety ... On Line Catalogues Organizations To index American Nitrox Divers International ANDI Divers Alert Network Diving Medicine, The Ten Foot Stop Excellent Dive Medicine Site, This Site Is Worth A Long Look, Lot's Of Great Information!!! International Association Of Nitrox And Technical Divers IANTD National Association of Black Scuba Divers Dr. Albert Rose President. Harlan "HB" Ballard Oklahoma Representative, And My Buddy. National Association of Underwater Instructors NAUI Professional Association of Diving Instructors The Way The World Learns To Dive® Professional SCUBA Association , PSA Technical Diving International , TDI YMCA SCUBA , Home Page For YMCA SCUBA Training C To index American Shore and Beach Preservation Association Aquatic Network An Information Service For The Aquatic World Covering Aquaculture, Conservation, Fisheries, Oceanography, Maritime Heritage, Ocean Engineering, And Seafood Atlantis At Home Atlantis At Home Is A Non-Profit SCUBA-Diver Project, Its Goal Is To Protect The Environment Using The Following Principle: "What You Know And Love, You Can An Will Protect". Center for Marine Conservation Committed To Protecting Ocean Environments And Conserving The Global Abundance And Diversity Of Marine Life CNN Interactive, Nature

6. Chapter 30
scuba diving and small craft proficiency courses in research in fisheries, oceanography,archaeology and qualifications and safety regulations and prohibiting
http://www.wetpaper.com.au/student/chapters/30.html
Chapter 30
back to index of chapters
Suggested answers to questions from the textbook
1. What could be two essential employee characteristics for successful work placement? Ans. Most research into what employers want from new employees reveals two essential elements - communication and good attitude. 2. What is a structured work placement? Ans. In structured work placements, the marine teacher runs classes in some of the basic marine skills at school and then the students spend time with the employer to learn some of these skills that are more appropriately taught in the workplace and practice and improve skills taught in the classroom. 3. What does the word 'competencies' refer to? Give an example of one competency. Ans. The types of skills that are to be learned are grouped into competencies which are recognised in all states by the marine industry. For example one of the competencies required to operate a marine radio is to: switch on, tune and operate VHF, HF and 27MHz marine radio transceivers. 4. What goes into a logbook?

7. Scientific Diving Safety Manual: Section 1.00
program at the Scripps Institution of oceanography (SIO). contact with another diverin the water) for scuba diving. of UA, rests with the diving safety Officer
http://www.sfos.uaf.edu/dive/manual/section1.html
Home Dive Manual SFOS Home
SECTION 1.00
GENERAL POLICY
1.10 THE SCIENTIFIC DIVING STANDARDS
1.11 Purpose
The purpose of these Scientific Diving Standards is to ensure that all scientific diving is conducted in a manner that will maximize protection of scientific divers from accidental injury and/or illness, and to set forth standards for training and certification which will allow a working reciprocity between UA and other American Academy of Underwater Sciences (AAUS)-recognized scientific diving programs. Fulfillment of the purposes shall be consistent with the furtherance of research and safety. This document sets minimal standards for the establishment of the UA scientific diving program, the organization for the conduct of this program, and the basic regulations and procedures for safety in scientific diving operations. It also establishes a framework for reciprocity between AAUS organizational members which adhere to these minimum standards. This manual been modified from the procedures developed and written by the AAUS by compiling the policies set forth in the diving manuals of several university, private, and governmental scientific diving programs. These programs share a common heritage with the scientific diving program at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO). Adherence to the SIO standards has proven both feasible and effective in protecting the health and safety of scientific divers since 1954. In 1982, OSHA exempted scientific diving from commercial diving regulations (29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart T) under certain conditions which are outlined below. The final guidelines for the exemption became effective in 1985 (Federal Register, Vol. 50, No.6, p.1046). The AAUS is recognized by OSHA as the scientific diving standard setting organization.

8. American Diver Other Scuba Links
the US Government Printing Office (see oceanography ). facilities in the UK; Scubadiving Explained The Medicine - Edmond Kay, MD, diving safety Physician of
http://www.westcoastdiver.com/links.php3
American
Diver .com showAd('AmericanDiverIndex'); Home Boats Books Certification ... Travel All Products Books Magazines Popular Music Classical Music Video DVD Baby Comp/Video Games Electronics Software Outdoor Living Kitchen/Housewares Wireless Phones Enter keywords...
SCUBA Links!
Please tell me if you have a link I can include on this page Exploration Design Studio The official jewelers to the NSS-CDS, makers of the official Dive Rite Reel charm, Gary Gentile-endorsed Shipwreck's Porthole charm, among other fine jewelry charms. Devoted to the pursuit of ocean delicacies
Coastal Data

Southern California Swell Data (Southern California)

Southern California Swell Data (Santa Barbara Channel)
...
Technical Diving International
(TDI) - Use Mixed Gases for deep exposures, and Nitrox for reduced ongassing at moderate depths National Association for Cave Diving (NACD) - Learn penetration diving the right way Cave Diving Section of the National Speleological Society (NSS/CDS) - Dedicated to preserve and protect the fragile cave environment Delfin Underwater Productions, Inc.

9. La Jolla Shores
A sandy beach approximately one mile long, adjacent to a residential area and home to the most gentle Category Regional North America Parks and Beaches...... lies the Scripps Institute of oceanography and Scripps The safety tips section providesan explanation of rip Vallecitos is heavily used by scuba diving classes
http://www.sannet.gov/lifeguards/beaches/shores.shtml
Description: La Jolla Shores (8200 Camino del Oro) is a sandy beach approximately one mile long, adjacent to a residential area. In summer, waves at this beach are usually the most gentle of all San Diego beaches, although rip currents may still be strong at times. For this reason, many novice scuba classes are held at La Jolla Shores. Kellogg Park, a grassy area, is located behind the main lifeguard station and is ideal for picnicking. A wide cement boardwalk parallels a portion of the beach between the park and the sand. La Jolla Shores lies adjacent to the San Diego La Jolla Underwater Ecological Reserve. Fishing and removal of objects from this area is prohibited. At the north end of this beach lies the Scripps Institute of Oceanography and Scripps Pier. The pier is not open to the public, but the Steven Birch Aquarium is within 1/2 mile of La Jolla Shores and is open daily. La Jolla Shores has the only beachfront boat launch within City limits. Small vessels can be launched directly into the surf at the foot of Avenida de la Playa, approximately 300 yards south of the lifeguard station. This is an unimproved boat launch and vehicles are allowed to drive on the sand in a very limited area at five miles per hour or less. Four wheel drive is highly recommended. Lifeguard Protection: A permanent lifeguard station is located adjacent to the main parking lot at the foot of Calle Frescota. This station is generally staffed daily from 9:00 a.m. to near dusk. Closing hours vary based on time of year. Check at the lifeguard station for further details.

10. Water Related Course Descriptions
navigation, diving physics, diving physiology, diving medicine, diving safety. oceanography.305 Scientific scuba diving Entry level scientific diver training
http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/salton/water_related_course_descr.htm
CIW Home Page SDSU Home Page SDSU Courses Relating to Water Resources and Inland Water Ecosystems Arranged alphabetically by department. Generally only upper division and graduate courses are listed. For information on prerequisites and number of credits, see the SDSU General Catalog and the SDSU Graduate Bulletin. BIOLOGY 460 Underwater Research Methods and Techniques
Preparation for scientific research underwater; scientific methods, techniques, operations and specialized equipment; scientific diver training and certification requirements; diving procedures and regulations; diving equipment; diving physiology hyperbaric conditions, fitness, practical diving skills, safety and emergency procedures. 507 Topics in Ecology
Treatment of particular advanced aspects of ecology not covered in regular courses, including insect ecology, intertidal ecology, and Ecology of the Colorado River Delta Region. See current Class Schedule for specific content. 519 Aquaculture
Principles and practices of the farming of aquatic organisms. 520 Ichthyology
Identification, systematics, evolution, structure, physiology, behavior and ecology of fishes.

11. MBL :: Inside The MBL :: Services
program at the Scripps Institution of oceanography (SIO 1.4 Shall be certified asa scuba diving instructor or the campus, rests with the diving safety Officer.
http://www.mbl.edu/inside/what/services/diving/section1.htm
What is the MBL? News Education Research Services ... Strategic Planning Visit Tours Visitors Center Gift Shop Directions Join MBL Associates Corporation Membership Employment Home ... Manual
Section 1.00 - General Policy
1.10 THE SCIENTIFIC DIVING STANDARDS
    1.11 The MBL Diving Standards The purpose of these diving standards is to ensure that all diving under the auspices of the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) is conducted in a manner that will maximize protection of divers from accidental injury and/or illness, and to set forth standards for training and certification which will allow a working reciprocity between the MBL and other organizations. Fulfillment of these purposes shall be consistent with the furtherance of safety. This manual has been developed and written with the assistance of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences which compiled the policies set forth in the diving manuals of several university, private and governmental diving programs. These programs share a common heritage with the diving program at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO). Adherence to the SIO standards has proven both feasible and effective in protecting the health and safety of divers since 1954. Additional standards which extend this manual may be adopted by each campus, according to local procedures.

12. PHYSICAL EDUCATION
PE 2. Open Water scuba diving will involve classroom instruction on diving physics,physiology, water safety, equipment, and oceanography.
http://pr.caltech.edu/catalog/01_02/courses/pe.html
PE 1. Student Designed Fitness. 3 units. Independent fitness program as arranged with instructor, three times a week. Proposals must be submitted in writing during first week of each term. Instructors: D'Auria, Madsen. PE 2. Skin Diving. 3 units. A prerequisite for PE 3 (Scuba). Fundamentals of skin diving and oceanography. Instructor: Dodd. PE 3. Scuba, Beginning. 3 units. Prerequisite: PE 2. Open Water Scuba Diving will involve classroom instruction on diving physics, physiology, water safety, equipment, and oceanography. There will be confined water training (pool), and open water training consisting of two dives from a local beach and two dives from a boat. A third trip will be to conduct snorkeling. Students must pass a difficult swim test (see instructor for men's and women's qualifying standards) prior to enrollment. Instructor: Dodd. PE 4. Introduction to Power Walking. 3 units. Introduction to walking for fitness. Emphasis on cardiovascular benefits for a healthy lifestyle. The program is progressive and suitable for walkers of all levels. Not offered 2001-02. PE 5. Fitness Training for Life.

13. USF Compliance News
The USF diving safety program was started in the late well as the Florida Instituteof oceanography (FIO) are AAUS collects scuba diving data from all of its
http://www.research.usf.edu/cs/jan-news.htm
USF COMPLIANCE NEWS Volume 1, Issue 1 USF Division of Compliance Services January 1999
10770 N 46 th Street Suite C-200 Tampa, FL 33617-3465 Tel: (813) 631-4498 Fax: (813) 631-4550
Safety and Protection through Service and Education IRB Calendar of Events IRB-01 MEETING DATES 01-Board 01B-Board February 1, 1999 February 16, 1999 IRB-02 MEETING DATES February 19, 1999 DID YOU KNOW THAT?
IRB FORMS ARE ON THE WEB
The IRB has requested that all investigators use the most recent forms that are available on the World Wide Web. To access these templates simply go to the Office of Research home page which is located at http://www.research.usf.edu/ and then click Division of Compliance Services and then click Download Compliance Forms, Templates and Procedures . From this page it is possible to download the most current Microsoft Word form or to print a copy using Adobe Acrobat. IRB Feature Article:
Continuing Reviews after IRB Approval
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires that all Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) be responsible for continuing review of approved ongoing research studies to ensure that the rights and welfare of human subjects are protected. All USF IRB studies whether they were approved by full board or expedited, are subject to at least an annual review.

14. R/V Clifford A. Barnes Handbook
Richard W. Sternberg, Director School of oceanography. If scuba or other diving operationsare planned from the University of Washington diving safety Officer.
http://www.ocean.washington.edu/ships/barnes/usrman.html
R/V Clifford A. Barnes
Users' Handbook
University of Washington
Introduction
R/V CLIFFORD A. BARNES is a 65 foot vessel owned by the National Science Foundation and operated under a Charter Party agreement by the University of Washington's School of Oceanography. It is intended for use primarily in the sheltered waters of Western Washington and British Columbia. This handbook is intended to provide guidance to embarked personnel on the policies, regulations, procedures, safety and lifesaving precautions, and operational capabilities of the vessel. R/V BARNES and marine operations support personnel exist for the sole purpose of implementing scientific research and student instruction, and it is the intent of the School to be responsive to the needs of the users. Please contact either the Manager of Marine Operations or the Ship's Technical Manager at (206) 543-5062 and 543-5648, respectively, for additional information and assistance. Richard W. Sternberg, Director

15. R/V Clifford A. Barnes Handbook
Arthur RM Nowell, Director School of oceanography. If scuba or other diving operationsare planned, this from the University of Washington diving safety Officer
http://www.ocean.washington.edu/ships/usrman.html
R/V Clifford A. Barnes
Users' Handbook
School of Oceanography
University of Washington
Table of Contents
Introduction
The R/V CLIFFORD A. BARNES is a 65 foot vessel owned by the National Science Foundation and operated under a Charter Party agreement by the University of Washington's School of Oceanography. It is intended for use primarily in the sheltered waters of Western Washington and British Columbia. This handbook is intended to provide guidance to embarked personnel on the policies, regulations, procedures, safety and lifesaving precautions, and operational capabilities of the vessel. The R/V BARNES and marine operations support personnel exist for the sole purpose of implementing scientific research and student instruction, and it is the intent of the School to be responsive to the needs of the users. Please contact either the Manager of Marine Operations or the Port Captain at (206) 543-5062 and 543-5648, respectively, for additional information and assistance. Arthur R.M. Nowell, Director

16. "Exclusive And Exemptions From OSHA's Commercial Diving Standards"
by the Scripps Institution of oceanography of the projects; review and revise thediving safety manual; assure another diver in the water) for scuba diving. .
http://www.diveweb.com/commdive/features/uw-sp99.02.htm

UnderWater Magazine
Article reprint: Spring 1999
"Exclusive and Exemptions From OSHA's Commercial Diving Standards"
By Stephen Sea Butler

The original OSHA diving standard provided three specific exclusions which remain in effect as follows: Diving governed by the Protection of Human Subjects regulations of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW) or equally effective rules or regulations of another Federal Agency - Diving operations which are governed by 45 CFR Part 46 are not within the scope of OSHA’s commercial diving standard. Such operations involve research and development or related scientific activities requiring human subjects and receive HEW grants or contracts. Compliance with HEW regulations is mandatory for such employers or contractors, and the regulations are designed to promote safety and health. Similarly, any other Federal agency which adopts rules orregulations that are equally effective (i.e., similar in design, purpose, and effect to those of HEW) are covered by this exclusion. The exclusion is supported in the record on the grounds that it would permit continued scientific research designed to extend the safe limits of diving physiology and technology. The long-term safety and health interests of divers are best served by the continuation of this research, and such diving cannot reasonably be expected to comply in every respect with a standard which is designed to reflect current commercial diving operational practice. Emergency Provision
The original OSHA diving standard also included a provision for emergency situations, which remains in effect, when the overriding consideration is the preservation of life and the protection of the environment as follows: The "Emergency Provision" permits deviations from the requirements of OSHA’s diving standard in situations where death, serious physical harm, or major environmental damage is likely,but only to the extent that such action is immediately necessary to prevent or minimize the harm.

17. Hutchins
lights, shapes, sounds and flags diving Modules snorkel - scuba - safety Marine organisms- physical and chemical oceanography - accidents Optional
http://www.aist.tas.edu.au/vet/Pages/Hutchins.html
HUTCHINS
(in association with The Fahan School)
Maritime Studies Certificate I and II
These studies are for those of you intending to follow a career involving the sea, such as
the merchant navy oraquiculture, or those who view the water as a recreational pursuit.
As VET studies they offer 150 hours of studyin boating safety, seamanship,
coastal navigation, the marine environment and scuba diving.You can gain industrial
certification in modules from Australian Maritime Collegeand Fisheries Industry
Training Board Certificate I or II (still to be finalized) in Elements of
Shipboard Safety (occupational health and safety component),
Limited Coxswains Certificate,and Dive Master. The studies include 150 hours of work placement. You must choose the modules and the work placement. Elements of Shipboard Safety Module - fire - survival - first aid Limited Coxswains Certificate (incl. Small Boat Safety) - trailers - engines - personal safety - boat handling - towing - rules and regulations - safety gear Seasmanship Module - ropes - anchors - design and construction - sail theory - stability - nomenclature - etiquette - meteorology - radio Navigation and Pilotage Module - chartwork - compass - publications - lights and buoys - navigation lights, shapes, sounds and flags

18. Other
Physical oceanography the study of how and why oceans scuba diving is a valuableskill that is used is essential for navigational and environmental safety.
http://stormin12.home.mindspring.com/other1.htm
MISCELLANEOUS CAREERS AT SEA Home Ships Towboats Government ... Pleasure [ Other ] Oil FISHERIES SCIENTIST MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE OCEANOGRAPHY ... PUGET SOUND PILOT Oceanography is a broad field in which many sciences are focused on the common goal of understanding the oceans. Since the ocean comprises the largest ecosystem on earth, study of the ocean ecosystems is critical to understanding man's effects on the biosphere. Persons specializing in Botany, cartography, chemistry, engineering, geography, geology, geophysics, limnology, mathematics, medicine, meteorology, and zoology all play roles in expanding our knowledge of marine environments. "Marine biology" is the study of life in the world's oceans, seas, bays and estuaries (in other words, in salt water), but requires an understanding of freshwater systems as well. It includes the study of all living marine organisms (from bacteria to whales) and their physical marine environment. The field of oceanography is usually broken down into sub-disciplines, including:
Specialty Fields in Oceanography
  • Arctic Oceanography A person knowledgeable in any of the following disciplines can concentrate their study on the Arctic and/or Antarctic Oceans. This is field has growing importance in the study of the environment, especially climate change. It is widely theorized that the effects of global warming will first be evident in the arctic oceans.

19. Ballina High Marine Studies Program
NAUI Snorkel Diver Certificate scuba diving REC 922 scuba diving for safety and NAU/PADI Placement REC 821 Expedition Planning BOS oceanography BOS Coastal
http://www.norex.com.au/~bhmarine/ballina/yr1112voc.html

20. Pupukea Site
Physical oceanography structure of the area to increase the safety of all is reviewingthe potential need to limit commercial scuba diving activities and
http://cramp.wcc.hawaii.edu/Study_Sites/Oahu/Pupukea/
@import "http://cramp.wcc.hawaii.edu/_include/format.css"; CRAMP is developing and applying standard scientific techniques that will enable us to compare the results of many different coral reef studies.
This site will look much better in a browser that
supports web standards , but it is accessible
to any browser or Internet device.
please scroll down to view the web page
home
overview
results
study sites ... Pupukea
Pupukea Site
Geographic Name: Pupukea
CRAMP site code: OaPup
Geographic Location:
Chart of Pupukea area and Waimea Bay.
Aerial photo of Pupukea area and Waimea Bay (1993 NOAA image courtesy of Steve Rohmann).
Physical Features (Physiography):
Encrusting corals dominate colonized hard bottom in this high wave energy environment. Photo by Paul L. Jokiel.
Reef Structure, Habitat Classification:
The coral reef communities along this north-facing shore are poorly developed due to the large swell that strikes this coast during the winter months. Coral cover is relatively low and consists mainly of encrusting species that are wave resistant. The most common corals are Porites lobata and Pocillopora meandrina . Encrusting corals such as Leptastrea purpurea Pavona varians and Montiora flabellata are found throughout the area.

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