1. Opium War 1839 42 HOME BASIC_O - opium wars history. search find the most popular books,videos and DVDs on opium wars history. images newsgroups. http://www.fccommunity.org/sexy-woman-pic.htm

2. A Short History Of The Opium Wars A Short history of the opium wars. From Civilizations Past And Present.Book Chapter 29 South And East Asia, 18151914. Author Wallbank http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/heroin/opiwar1.htm

Sign the Resolution for a Federal Commission on Drug Policy Contents Feedback Search ... Historical Research A Short History of the Opium Wars From: Civilizations Past And Present Book: Chapter 29: South And East Asia, 1815-1914 Author: Wallbank;Taylor;Bailkey;Jewsbury;Lewis;Hackett Date: 1992 Excerpted from Bureau Development's CD-ROM The Central Kingdom At the end of the 1800s China's four million square miles held 450 million people, up from 200 million a century earlier. The ruling dynasty was the Ching, established by Manchus from Manchuria, who in 1644 had superseded the Ming. These descendants of the Tatars appreciated Chinese civilization and adopted a conciliatory attitude toward their subjects. They refused, however, to allow intermarriage with the Chinese, for they realized that only their blood difference kept them from being assimilated and conquered. By and large, however, the Manchus gradually became Chinese in their attitudes and habits. The Manchu emperors were remarkably successful. The reign of Chien-lung (1736-1795) was a time of great expansion. The Manchus gained Turkestan, Burma, and Tibet. By the end of the eighteenth century Manchu power extended even into Nepal, and the territory under the Ching control was as extensive as under any previous dynasty. The Western Response The foreigners were especially irritated by the high customs duties the Chinese forced them to pay and by the attempts of Chinese authorities to stop the growing import trade in opium. The drug had long been used to stop diarrhea, but in the seventeenth and eighteenth century people in all classes began to use it recreationally. Most opium came from Turkey or India, and in 1800 its import was forbidden by the imperial government. Despite this restriction, the opium trade continued to flourish. Privately owned vessels of many countries, including the United States, made huge profits from the growing number of Chinese addicts. The government in Peking noted that the foreigners seemed intent on dragging down the Chinese through the encouragement of opium addiction.

3. Military History - Opium Wars A collection of links to and information on Military history. A short history of the opium wars http://www.skalman.nu/history/opium.htm

Books on this conflict A short history of the Opium Wars First China War First Opium War ... Second and Third China Wars © Marcus Wendel

4. Opium Wars The British defeated the Chinese in the opium wars from 1839 to 1842. Learn about the opium wars in the Electronic passport at www.mrdowling.com. http://www.oldnewspublishing.com/opium.htm

OLD NEWS Return to Old News home page Emperor of China Declares War on Drugs by Paul Chrastina Lin accepted the assignment, knowing that it represented one of the most difficult problems faced by the Chinese empire. The sale of opium had been made illegal in China in 1800, but the black-market narcotics trade flourished in defiance of the law, and there were an estimated two million Chinese opium addicts. Addiction was especially common around the port city of Canton, where foreign merchants smuggled large quantities of the narcotic drug into China. Lin knew that the opium was brought to China in large British clipper ships, which also carried legal trade items. The cargo masters of these ships sold their opium to clandestine Chinese buyers at Lintin Island in Canton Bay. After the foreign merchants unloaded their contraband cargo, they proceeded peacefully up the Pearl River to Canton, where they held permits to buy tea and silk, and to sell a variety of legal trade goods. To the foreign clipper ships anchored at Canton, Commissioner Lin sent messages demanding that they turn over all of the opium they had aboard, as well as any supplies of the drug that might be stored at Lintin Island. He also commanded them to sign guarantees promising never to bring opium to China again, on pain of trial and execution if found guilty. Commissioner Lin laid down the terms under which the foreign merchants could regain their freedom and their right to trade in Canton. First, they must turn over all of the opium concealed aboard their ships, then they must sign a binding pledge not to bring any more opium to China in the future. Until these requirements were met, the foreigners would not be permitted to purchase any tea, rice, or silk for export.

5. The Opium Wars, 1840-1862 General history (Links). A Short history of the opium wars. Causes. Chronology(except battles, which see below). Results. Forces and Casualties. http://www.regiments.org/milhist/wars/19thcent/40china.htm

Authors and Contributors this page: T.F. Mills Page created 1 September 2000 Corrected and updated The Opium Wars (1st-2nd Anglo-Chinese Wars) General History Causes Chronology Results ... Other Web Catalogues General History (Links) A Short History of the Opium Wars Causes Chronology (except battles, which see below Results Forces and Casualties peak forces total forces total dead KIA NCD civilian dead WIA PW-MIA subtotal TOTAL Officers Killed , by Stephen Lewis. Commanders Index of Battle Honours Date Battles Regiments Note: Battle Honours are shown in bold face. 1st China War, 1840-1842 1840 July 4- 1842 Aug. 17 China Coast The Dragon badge superscribed "China" 2nd China War, 1857-1862 1857 Dec. 28- 1858 Jan. 5 Canton 1860 Aug. 21 Taku Forts 1860 Sep. 18-

6. History Of The Opium Trade In China In all history, no nation has ever set itself such a gigantic task, with In thismanner, first by large smuggling, then by two opium wars, was China drugged http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/history/om/om15.htm

Sign the Resolution for a Federal Commission on Drug Policy Contents Feedback Search ... Historical Research THE OPIUM MONOPOLY BY ELLEN N. LA MOTTE XV HISTORY OF THE OPIUM TRADE IN CHINA The China Year Book makes no mention of the traders who carried these chests of opium into China. The opium came from India, however, and the increase in importation corresponds with the British occupation of India, and the golden days of the East India Company. "Opium was now contraband, but that fact had no effect on the quantity introduced into the country," smuggled in wholesale by the enterprising British traders. After this atrocity, followed the first Opium War, when British ships sailed up the river, seized port after port, and bombarded and took Canton. Her ships sailed up the Yangtsze, and captured the tribute junks going up the Grand Canal with revenue to Peking, thus stopping a great part of China's income. Peace was concluded in 1843, and Great Britain came out well. She recompensed herself by taking the island of Hongkong; an indemnity Of 21 million dollars, and Canton, Amoy, Foochow, Ningpo and Shanghai were opened up as "treaty ports"-for the importation of opium and the "open-door" in general. Mr. Wells, in his "Middle Kingdom" describes the origin of this first war with England: "This war was extraordinary in its origin as growing chiefly out of a commercial misunderstanding; remarkable in its course as being waged between strength and weakness, conscious superiority and ignorant pride; melancholy in its end as forcing the weaker to pay for opium within its borders against all its laws, thus paralyzing the little moral power its feeble government could exert to protect its subjects. . . . It was a turning point in the national life of the Chinese race, but the compulsory payment of six million dollars for the opium destroyed has left a stigma upon the English name."

7. Modern Era How increasing contact with western powers led to war and enfored change.Category Society history wars and Conflicts opium wars...... the history of opium in China and its effect on the opium user, please check outCliff Schaffer's Opiates page which includes a brief history of the opium wars http://www-chaos.umd.edu/history/modern.html

Emergence Of Modern China The success of the Qing dynasty in maintaining the old order proved a liability when the empire was confronted with growing challenges from seafaring Western powers. The centuries of peace and self-satisfaction dating back to Ming times had encouraged little change in the attitudes of the ruling elite. The imperial Neo-Confucian scholars accepted as axiomatic the cultural superiority of Chinese civilization and the position of the empire at the hub of their perceived world. To question this assumption, to suggest innovation, or to promote the adoption of foreign ideas was viewed as tantamount to heresy. Imperial purges dealt severely with those who deviated from orthodoxy. By the nineteenth century, China was experiencing growing internal pressures of economic origin. By the start of the century, there were over 300 million Chinese, but there was no industry or trade of sufficient scope to absorb the surplus labor. Moreover, the scarcity of land led to widespread rural discontent and a breakdown in law and order. The weakening through corruption of the bureaucratic and military systems and mounting urban pauperism also contributed to these disturbances. Localized revolts erupted in various parts of the empire in the early nineteenth century. Secret societies, such as the White Lotus sect ( ) in the north and the Triad Society ( ) in the south, gained ground, combining anti-Manchu subversion with banditry.

8. ThinkQuest Library Of Entries Traces the history of China from the opium wars and the decline of the Qing Dynasty to the end of the 20th century. http://library.thinkquest.org/26469/history/

Welcome to the ThinkQuest Internet Challenge of Entries The web site you have requested, Discovering China: The Middle Kingdom , is one of over 4000 student created entries in our Library. Before using our Library, please be sure that you have read and agreed to our To learn more about ThinkQuest. You can browse other ThinkQuest Library Entries To proceed to Discovering China: The Middle Kingdom click here Back to the Previous Page The Site you have Requested ... Discovering China: The Middle Kingdom click here to view this site A ThinkQuest Internet Challenge 1999 Entry Click image for the Site Awards Received Silver Languages : Site Desciption The site explores 20th Century China to try and understand this enormous country. Users will discover that China is not as far away as it seems. There is interactive insight into major influences on twentieth century Chinese history, from Colonialism to Marxism, from monarchy to democracy and communism, with a particular eye on the Cultural Revolution. The role of China in international affairs is examined, and important Chinese historical figures are profiled.. Students Yuki Kanagawa University High School Japan Michael Clovis High School CA, United States

9. Opium Wars opium wars. opium wars, 1839–42 and 1856–60, two wars between Chinaand Western countries. The first was between Great Britain and China. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0836734.html

Government Grant packages for business, homes and more...Claim your share! Looking for a bargain auto? Tranny broke? Engine blown? Dealing with Venture Capitalists is like playing poker..Learn how here! All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia Opium Wars Opium Wars, Arrow, in Guangzhou. British and French troops took Guangzhou and Tianjin and compelled the Chinese to accept the treaties of Tianjin (1858), to which France, Russia, and the United States were also party. China agreed to open 11 more ports, permit foreign legations in Beijing, sanction Christian missionary activity, and legalize the import of opium. China's subsequent attempt to block the entry of diplomats into Beijing as well as Britain's determination to enforce the new treaty terms led to a renewal of the war in 1859. This time the British and French occupied Beijing and burned the imperial summer palace (Yuan ming yuan). The Beijing conventions of 1860, by which China was forced to reaffirm the terms of the Treaty of Tianjin and make additional concessions, concluded the hostilities. See A. Waley

10. Military History - 19th Century Boer wars. Boxer Rebellion. China wars See opium wars. Crimean War. Franco-PrussianWar. Napoleonic wars. opium wars. Philippine-American War. Spanish-American War. http://www.skalman.nu/history/19th.htm

Anglo-Afghan Wars Anglo-Zulu War Boer Wars Boxer Rebellion China Wars - See Opium Wars Crimean War Franco-Prussian War Great Paraguayan War - See War of the Triple Alliance Indian Wars Mexican-American War Napoleonic Wars ... United States Civil War US-Mexican War - See Mexican-American War War of 1812 War of Greek Independence War of the Triple Alliance © Marcus Wendel

11. Electronic Passport To Chinese History An overview of China's dynastys for the past 4000 years.Category Kids and Teens School Time By Region Asia China...... The British defeated China in the opium wars. them to sell a dangerous drug calledopium to the It is considered the Golden Age of Chinese history. Today the http://www.mrdowling.com/613chinesehistory.html

HOME TIME AND SPACE PREHISTORY MESOPOTAMIA ... The Boxer Rebellion Dynasty From at least 1766 BC to this century, China was ruled by dynasties. A dynasty is a ruling family that passes control from one generation to the next. One dynasty lasted more than 800 years, while another lasted only fifteen years. The Chinese people supported their rulers because of what they called the Mandate of Heaven. The ancient Chinese believed their ancestors in heaven had chosen their leaders. The people would rebel against a weak leader because they believed he had lost the Mandate of Heaven. The Shang was the first dynasty to leave written records. The Shang rulers expanded the borders of their kingdom to include all of the land between Mongolia and the Pacific Ocean. The Shang practiced human sacrifice. If a king died, many of his slaves would join him in the grave. Some were beheaded first, others were buried alive. The Shang also developed a lunar calendar consisting of twelve months of 30 days each. When a Shang king died, his next oldest brother replaced him. When there were no brothers, the oldest maternal nephew became king. The Chou were nomads who lived west of the Shang. They overthrew the Shang and ruled China from 1122

12. Bigchalk HomeworkCentral Chinese Modern History (US-China Stole Hong Kong; Short history of opium wars; Lin TseHsu Letter toQueen Victoria (1839). TAIPING REBELLION China's Taiping Rebellion; http://www.bigchalk.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/WOPortal.woa/Homework/Middle_School/R

13. Bigchalk: HomeworkCentral: Opium Wars (Modern China (1644-)) opium wars (Encarta article); opium wars How Britain Stole Hong Kong; ShortHistory of opium wars; Lin TseHsu Letter to Queen Victoria (1839). http://www.bigchalk.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/WOPortal.woa/Homework/Middle_School/R

Home About Us Newsletters My Products ... Product Info Center Email this page to a friend! K-5 Opium Wars document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); Anglo-Chinese Opium War (1839-42) Ch'ing China: The Opium Wars Electronic Passport to The Opium Wars First Opium War (1839-42) profile ... Contact Us

14. To What Extent Was Opium Wars Fought Over Opium - Suite101.com messages from 1 to 2 of Discussions relating to history and Politics to what extent was opium wars fought over opium - dewey decimal N/A. http://www.suite101.com/discussion.cfm/historycenter/80428/latest/2

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15. The First Opium War - Suite101.com Article discussing "the biggest and most well backed drug deal in history".Category Society history wars and Conflicts opium wars...... This is a very good article on the opium wars in China. Subject opium War. and otherdiscussions related to Maria Christensen's Asian history topic, please http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/oriental_history/19388

Topics Articles Links BEST OF WEB ONLINE COURSES COMMUNITIES BOOK CIRCLE ... MY SUITE Search Within: Asian History History and Politics Suite101.com Member Central Join Our Community! Login Member Update What's New ... TravelSuite Suite University About Suite University Visit the University Course Listing New Courses ... Featured Courses New Topics Single Parent Activity Ideas Board Games Retirement Electronica ... More... Suite Events My Favorite Place War and Peace Spring Into Health! Earth Day 2003 More about Suite101 About Suite101.com - Select a related topic - African History Alternative History Ancient British History British Social History Canadian Politics Crimean War Great American Plains History For Children India Probe Inspirational Biographies International Affairs and Kids British History Liechtenstein Life in Canada Louisiana Maine People Native American History North American Genealogy Peace Process Pirates and Privateers Politics - Democratic Politics Conservative Politics East Asia Short Stories and Tales Shropshire Past and Prese Stalin The American Civil War The Cold War The Old West The Roman Empire The Underground Railroad Tudor England United States Labor Histo US History 1929-1945 Women's History World War II - Select a related course - Châteaus of France Early Arthurian Britain Genealogy for Beginners Genealogy: Researching Im Henry VIII and his Wives King or Parliament? - The

16. CNN.com - Web Search With LookSmart - Opium Wars opium wars Explore the history of the wars that erupted between Europeanpowers and China over the lucrative opium trade. Featured Sponsors. http://cnn.looksmart.com/eus1/eus325798/eus53706/eus53710/eus53828/eus71853/eus5

17. Military World Links: History/Wars/Nineteenth Century/Opium Wars Military World Links history wars Nineteenth Century opium wars. http://www.militaryworld.com/dir/History/Wars/Nineteenth_Century/Opium_Wars/

Military World Links : History: Wars: Nineteenth Century: Opium Wars Home Add a Resource Modify a Resource What's New ... Login Links: Britain Stole Hong Kong From China - "Britain's East India Company would wage three wars on the people of China in order to secure the right to sell opium there". Marxist analysis of the Opium Wars. (Added: 0000-00-00 Hits: 37 Rating: 0.00 Votes: 0) Rate It Edit Delete Ch'ing China: The Opium Wars - "By the 1830's`` the English had become the major drug-trafficking criminal organization in the world". Discussion of the causes and effects of these wars. (Added: 0000-00-00 Hits: 60 Rating: 0.00 Votes: 0) Rate It Edit Delete Emperor of China Declares War on Drugs - How Commissioner Lin Tse-hsü's attempts to stamp out the opium trade led to war and personal disgrace. (Added: 0000-00-00 Hits: 29 Rating: 0.00 Votes: 0) Rate It Edit Delete Imperial Pushers: Britain`` China and the Opium War - Causes and results of the war. (Added: 0000-00-00 Hits: 47 Rating: 0.00 Votes: 0) Rate It Edit Delete Letter of Advice to Queen Victoria - "The wealth of China is used to profit the barbarians ... by what right do they then in return use the poisonous drug to injure the Chinese people?". Full text of a letter written by Commisioner Lin in the lead up to the war.

18. Military World Links: History/Wars/Nineteenth Century Military World Links history wars Nineteenth Century. FrancoPrussian War (11)Mexican - American War (5), Napoleonic wars (169) opium wars (10) Philippine http://www.militaryworld.com/dir/History/Wars/Nineteenth_Century/

Military World Links : History: Wars: Nineteenth Century Home Add a Resource Modify a Resource What's New ... Login Categories: Anglo-Afghan Wars Boer Wars Civil War Crimean War ... Zulu War Links: Peace Conference at the Hague 1899 - the Avalon Project at Yale University Law School. (Added: 0000-00-00 Hits: 3 Rating: 0.00 Votes: 0) Rate It Edit Delete Savage and Soldier Online - Selection of articles from this magazine`` dedicated to colonial warfare. (Added: 0000-00-00 Hits: 6 Rating: 0.00 Votes: 0) Rate It Edit Delete Send This Page to a Friend Search Looking for something in particular? More search options Nominate Your Site for our Web Award! Details Here! This Page Was Last Updated On: 2003-04-10 - 07:01:03

19. Hong Kong Museum Of History - Permanent Exhibition/Gallery 5 After the defeat in the opium wars, China ceded Hong Kong to Britain, anevent which proved to be a watershed in the history of the territory. http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/History/english/exhibition/standingexhibition/g

previous gallery next gallery Local History Collection Permanent Exhibition After the defeat in the Opium Wars, China ceded Hong Kong to Britain, an event which proved to be a watershed in the history of the territory. This gallery outlines the Opium Wars, their causes, the way they unfolded and the consequences. Going back to events before the Wars, visitors can trace the discovery of the new sea route from Europe to Asia, the arrival of the Portuguese in Macau and their mercantile activities there, the institution of the 13 Hongs Guangzhou, and early Sino-British relations. To complete the events relating to the territory, the ceding of Kowloon and the loan of the New Territories to Britain are recorded. On display are two historically significant monuments : the Napier Column from the Hong Kong Cemetery and the Fountain Arch originally erected in Possession Point. To create a semblance of the actuality of war, the Bogue Forts, used by Qing soldiers to repulse the British in the First Opium War, has been reconstructed. A video inside the Forts narrates the events leading up to the war, the war itself and its aftermath, designed to give visitors a clear understanding of the First Opium War.

20. HallWorldHistory.com The Opium Wars The Addiction Of One You are here World history 19th Century The opium wars The Addiction ofOne Empire and the Corruption of Another. Search (books). Related Items http://hallworldhistory.com/index.php/Mode/product/AsinSearch/1570719314/name/Th

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