21. Environmental Effects Of Ozone Depletion Report of 1998 United Nations environment Programme Assessment Pane, covering changes in ultraviolet radiation, effects on human and animal health, effects on terrestrial ecosystems, effects on aquatic ecosystems, effects on biogeochemical cycles, effects on air quality, and effects on materials. http://www.gcrio.org/UNEP1998/

The United Nations Environment Programme Assessment Panel on the Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion produced this report. The assessment is given in seven papers: changes in ultraviolet radiation, effects on human and animal health, effects on terrestrial ecosystems, effects on aquatic ecosystems, effects on biogeochemical cycles, effects on air quality, and effects on materials. Navigation Guide: To this page Table of Contents Forward Back UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME Environmental effects of ozone depletion: 1998 Assessment November 1998 Pursuant to Article 6 of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer under the Auspices of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Copies of the report are available from United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) P. O. Box 30552 Nairobi Kenya U.S. Global Change Research Information Office CIESIN, Columbia University P.O. Box 1000 61 Route 9W Palisades, New York 10964 (USA) Tel.: +(1) (845) 365-8930 Fax: +(1) (845) 365-8922 E-mail: help@gcrio.org

22. Virginia DEQ: Ozone Data From Prince William County The Virginia Department of environmental Quality protects the environment of Virginia in order to promote the health and wellbeing of the citizens of the Commonwealth. http://www.deq.state.va.us/ozone/511530009.html

Ozone data from Prince William County Home Menu Shortcuts Site map ... email Dan Salkovitz The period used to compute the eight-hour average begins at the hour indicated. "**" is missing data. April 10, 2003 @ 1:00 am to April 10, 2003 @ 11:59 am 1-hour average 8-hour average 01:00-01:59 am 22 PPB 20 PPB 02:00-02:59 am 22 PPB 20 PPB 03:00-03:59 am 15 PPB 21 PPB 04:00-04:59 am 20 PPB 22 PPB 05:00-05:59 am 21 PPB 06:00-06:59 am 20 PPB 07:00-07:59 am 18 PPB 08:00-08:59 am 24 PPB 09:00-09:59 am 26 PPB 10:00-10:59 am 27 PPB 11:00-11:59 am 27 PPB Current 8-hour average 1-hour peak 8-hour average peak 22 PPB @ 04:00 am 27 PPB @ 11:00 am 22 PPB @ 04:00 am Color code Caution statement GREEN GOOD Good air quality - ozone in the healthy range. YELLOW MODERATE Moderate air quality - ozone at moderate levels. Unusually sensitive people should consider limiting prolonged outdoor exertion. ORANGE UNHEALTHY FOR SENSITIVE GROUPS Air quality unhealthy for sensitive groups - active children and adults, and people with respiratory disease such as asthma, should limit prolonged outdoor exertion. RED UNHEALTHY Unhealthy air quality - active children and adults, and people with respiratory disease such as asthma, should avoid prolonged outdoor exertion; everyone else, especially children, should limit prolonged outdoor exertion.

23. EUROPA - Environment - Ozone Layer Protection Homepage Important legal notices. en, EUROPA European Commission environment Policies Climate Change ozone Layer Protection, Contact Search on EUROPA. http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/ozone/

en EUROPA European Commission Environment Policies ... CONTACT US last update: E-mail this page Glossary Site Map Index ... Top

24. Environment Australia (Department Of The Environment And Heritage) Home Page Topics covered include air quality, chemicals and the environment, environmental impact assessment, ozone protection, sustainable industries, and water quality. http://www.ea.gov.au

Consumer Tips About Us Minister What's New ... Advanced Search Key Functions EPBC Act Greenhouse Issues National Pollutant Inventory ... More Key Functions... Online Services Employment Opportunities Taxation Concessions International Year of Freshwater Environmental Themes Antarctica Atmosphere Biodiversity Heritage ... Federal Government Notice of Disruption to Internet Services Latest Information and Schedule Accessibility Privacy Department of the Environment and Heritage GPO Box 787 CANBERRA ACT 2601 AUSTRALIA Phone: +61 2 6274 1111

25. EUROPA - Environment - The Ozone Layer The ozone Layer. This ozone layer performs the essential task of filtering outmost of the sun's biologically harmful ultraviolet (UVB) radiation. http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/ozone/ozone_layer.htm

en EUROPA European Commission Environment Policies ... Developments The Ozone Layer Although ozone (O ) is present in small concentrations throughout the atmosphere, most ozone (about 90%) exists in the stratosphere, in a layer between 10 and 50km above the surface of the earth. This ozone layer performs the essential task of filtering out most of the sun's biologically harmful ultraviolet (UV-B) radiation. Concentrations of ozone in the atmosphere vary naturally according to temperature, weather, latitude and altitude. Furthermore, aerosols and other particles ejected by natural events such as volcanic eruptions can have measurable impacts on ozone levels. The Ozone Hole In 1985, scientists identified a thinning of the ozone layer over the Antarctic during the spring months which became known as the "ozone hole". The scientific evidence shows that human-made chemicals are responsible for the creation of the Antarctic ozone hole and are also likely to play a role in global ozone losses. Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) have been used in many products which take advantage of their physical properties (e.g. chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) have been used as aerosol propellants and refrigerants). CFCs are broken down by sunlight in the stratosphere, producing halogen (e.g. chlorine) atoms, which subsequently destroy ozone through a complex catalytic cycle. Ozone destruction is greatest at the South pole where very low stratospheric temperatures in winter create polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). Ice crystals formed in PSCs provide a large surface area for chemical reactions, accelerating catalytic cycles. The destruction of ozone also involves sunlight, so the process intensifies during spring time, when the levels of solar radiation at the pole are highest, and PSC's are continually present.

26. NCDENR-Home Air quality permits, dam safety, mining laws, air quality rules, small business assistance, energy conservation, ozone forecasts, wetlands data, environmental enforcement, vehicle inspections, kids environmental information, news, and events. http://www.enr.state.nc.us/

About DENR Divisions and Contacts Customer Service Feedback ... NCGov.com DENR Information Data, Statistics, Reports and Maps Ozone Forecast Maps Wetlands Data ... more.. Things to Buy Maps Seedlings NC Wildlife NC Stores ... more... NCDENR, 1601 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 919-733-4984 Fax 919-715-3060

27. ENVIRONMENT July/August 1993 36 The article stated that the common aerosol can was a major source of fluorocarbonsin the environment and that such gases could lead to ozone depletion. http://www.ciesin.org/docs/011-464/011-464.html

Reproduced, with permission, from: Kowalok, M. E. 1993. Common threads: Research lessons from acid rain, ozone depletion, and global warming. Environment Common Threads: Research Lessons from Acid Rain, Ozone Depletion, and Global Warming Michael E. Kowalok Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Unlike the issue of acid rain, which has long been associated with human activities and documented by environmental observations, scientific concern about human-induced destruction of the ozone layer dates only to about 1970. Ozone is a molecule of oxygen (O3) that absorbs certain wavelengths of biologically damaging ultraviolet light. It is the only gas in the atmosphere that does so and, therefore, is an essential part of the Earth's ecological balance. The evolution of land life is believed to be tied closely to the formation of the protective ozone layer.[ Studies of the upper atmosphere started in the late 1800s and stemmed from curiosity about temperature gradients in the air. In 1902, a Frenchman named Teisserenc de Bort reported that the air temperature decreases with altitude up to a height of about 10 kilometers, after which the temperature starts to increase with height. Later studies showed that the temperature continues to rise with altitude up to a height of about 50 kilometers. The region of air between 10 and 50 kilometers of height became known as the stratosphere. Most of the world's ozone is found in the stratosphere, and its daily creation and destruction is a natural process. The first person to explain the dynamics of ozone was Sidney Chapman, then a scientist at Oxford University. In 1930, he suggested that oxygen molecules (O2) are split by cosmic rays into two oxygen atoms.[

28. Ice And Climate Division British group studying the evolution of the Antarctic iceatmosphere-ocean system to predict future behavior. Includes ice imagery, climate maps, and current research on icebergs, ice sheets, climate, ozone depletion, and the impact of ultraviolet radiation on the environment. http://www.nerc-bas.ac.uk/public/icd/

Please note: BAS has re-organised its web service. The primary web server is now www.antarctica.ac.uk to which all services will, presumably, slowly migrate. Most "useful" content from the pages below has moved into www.antarctica.ac.uk/met In the meantime these old pages remain. Some are legacy pages and will not be updated. NONE OF THE PAGES BELOW ARE BEING UPDATED. It is perhaps worth noting that the Ice and Climate division no longer even exists, having been absorbed into PSD division. The aim of the research undertaken by the Ice and Climate Division is to understand the present behaviour of the ice-atmosphere-ocean system in Antarctica and its evolution in the past, and to use this knowledge to predict future behaviour. Programs Hosted Ozone Iceberg Jobs and Vacation placements Images of Iceberg Calving Event on Ronne, 13/10/1998 and press release Maps Track of the RRSs James Clark Ross and Ernest Shackleton Track of 3 buoys in the Bellingshausen sea ... Atmospheric Boundary Layer Research Current Research Projects These pages are now obsolete.

29. Environment On-Line ozone Depletion. Life as we know it is possible in part because of theprotection afforded by the ozone layer over the past billion years. http://solstice.crest.org/environment/eol/ozone/ozone.html

30. OZONE Technology For Health And Environment ... Manufacturer of ozone generating equipment for health and environment based in Thailand. Provides information about products using ozone technology for water and air purification. http://www.ozzon.com/

31. Introduction To Ozone Web Site ATMOSPHERE. ozone Protection. Go to environment Australia Home, Go environmentAustralia's ozone Protection Requirements. environment http://www.ea.gov.au/atmosphere/ozone/

Skip Navigation WHAT'S NEW CONTACTS COMMENTS ... SEARCH ATMOSPHERE Ozone Protection Go back to: EA Home Atmosphere Ozone Protection ... Atmosphere Home Welcome to Ozone Protection Important Information: Most uses of methyl bromide are scheduled to be phased out in Australia from 1 January 2005. Import information on how to apply for an exemption from the phase-out is now available on this website. Environment Australia's Ozone Protection Requirements Environment Australia is responsible for the management and delivery of policies and programs related to atmospheric protection and sustainable transport including the protection of the ozone layer. Environment Australia fulfils Australia's international obligations under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. The Department administers and enforces the Ozone Protection Act 1989 and matching regulations and has developed national phase out strategies for ozone depleting substances such as halons, methyl bromide, hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). In the absence of the Montreal Protocol and its subsequent Amendments, it is predicted that by 2050:

32. Green Seal An independent, nonprofit organization that strives to achieve a healthier and cleaner environment by identifying and promoting products and services that cause less toxic pollution and waste, conserve resources and habitats, and minimize global warming and ozone depletion. http://www.greenseal.org/

33. Ozone.com -- Environment | Technology | Balance -- Earth-Friendly Technology, In ozone.com environment Technology Balance, . EarthFriendly Technology;Intelligent Discussions Chart the Course of This Site! http://www.ozone.com/

Ozone.com Earth-Friendly Technology Intelligent Discussions Chart the Course of This Site! Real-World Solutions for Improving Our Environment Coming soon... Until there's something worth seeing, feel free to search the Web for something more interesting: Search the Web.

34. TIME Newsfile: Earth Day 2002 A collection of environmental articles published in TIME, including cover stories on toxic waste, the ozone and global warming http://www.time.com/time/newsfiles/environment/

Costa Rica schoolgirls plant a sapling as part of the celebration of Earth Day in 1998 (Kent Gilbert/AP) First observed internationally on April 22, 1970, Earth Day has evolved into a major worldwide event for environmentalists young and old, who use their brief moment in the spotlight to warn against dangers that threaten the health of the Earth and its habitants. It's also a great vehicle, activists have found, to get people involved in curbing those ills. The media bears a responsibility to collect and share these stories: TIME cover pieces on topics ranging from toxic waste to global warming have shed light on both the looming threats of pollution and the small victories of the environmental movement. In 1988, the magazine named "Endangered Earth" its Planet of the Year, in lieu of Man of the Year; the issue remains one of the most memorable in the magazine's history. A Problem That Cannot Be Buried Growing awareness of our vast toxic-waste problem has sparked much public anguish but precious little action 3665 words Oct. 14, 1985

35. Ozone And Ultraviolet Research And Monitoring The activities of the ozone section of the Experimental Studies division (ARQX) ofenvironment Canada, the Government of Canada Department of the environment. http://woudc.ec.gc.ca/e/ozone/ozone.htm

Environment Canada Environnement Canada ... ARQX Home Ozone and Ultraviolet Research and Monitoring ARQX Home Ozone and UV Home Canadian Ozone Forecasts Ozone Watch Recent, Canada ... Site Map Brewer Spectrophotometers on the roof of the Environment Canada building, Toronto General Information The Brewer is produced by Canadian industry ( ) and it is now operated in over 38 countries. The Ozone and UV monitoring group is under the direction of Dr. James Kerr , one of the co-inventors of the Brewer sprectrophotometer along with fellow Environment Canada scientists Drs D.I. Wardle (Chief of ARQX) and C.T. McElroy. Brewer Spectrophotometer Network The Brewer Spectrophotometer is used in the Canadian stratospheric ozone and UV monitoring program, with 12 sites established in Canada that routinely collect and process data on a daily basis. The instruments measure total ozone and spectral UV irradiation (290-325 nm) every 10-20 minutes. The information derived from the Brewer network is used for ozone and UV index forecasting, trend analysis and ongoing scientific research.

36. Information About Smog The Department of the environment explains air pollution, its causes and effects on citizens. Lists definition, ozone, summer smog, effects of smog, what is being done, what to do, more information and links. http://www.gnb.ca/elg-egl/0355/0002/0001-e.html

37. Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Observatory, Eureka This included the Brewer ozone Spectrophotometer, designed by environment Canada,which is recognized as the world's most accurate ozonemeasuring instrument. http://woudc.ec.gc.ca/e/eureka/eureka.htm

Environment Canada Environnement Canada ... ARQX Home Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Observatory, Eureka ARQX Home Ozone and UV Solar radiation Space studies ... Site Map The moon rises over the Observatory General Information In January 1993, a new scientific observatory to study the protective ozone layer over Canada's high Arctic became fully operational on Ellesmere Island. Located 15 km from Eureka, a remote weather station 1,100 km from the north pole, the ultra-modern facility became a centre for international research. The building shell was erected in summer 1992 and the scientific instrumentation was installed in 1993. The observatory includes four large laboratories, a roof-top observing platform for instrumentation and a small living quarters. The ozone observatory enabled Canada to take its place in a new global network of highly sophisticated ozone-measuring stations. The global Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC), coordinated by the World Meteorological Organization , was created to keep close watch on the ozone layer at a time when significant changes due to human activities are becoming apparent. Between 1993 and 2001, a full scientific program was carried out at the observatory, involving research partners from Japan

38. East Texas Council Of Governments Coordinates planning for the physical environment, criminal justice and public safety planning, employment and training services, and aging services. Site includes information about programs and ozone action days. http://www.etcog.org/

Serving Anderson, Camp, Cherokee, Gregg, Harrison, Henderson, Marion, Panola, Rains, Rusk, Smith, Upshur, Van Zandt, and Wood Counties. PLANNING WORKSHOP, Tues. Apr. 15th. Hosted by ETCOG, ARK-TEX COG and TX APA at Kilgore College in Kilgore, Texas. Click Here For More Information ETCOG General Information What is ETCOG? Ozone Action Days Receive notification via e-mail! Job Openings ... Hazardous Mitigation Search for: Thank you for visiting the East Texas Council of Governments Web Site. We hope you find the information provided useful. If there is any additional information you require, please don't hesitate to call us at (903) 984-8641. Our offices are located at 3800 Stone Road, Kilgore, Texas 75662. Feel free to e-mail us if you have questions or comments This site has been visited times since November 8, 2000.

39. Ozone (Safe For You And The Environment) - Hot Tubs To Go ozone Safe for You. Safe for the environment. WHAT IS ozone? ozone IS SAFEFOR THE environment AS WELL AS EQUIPMENT. ozone will not explode. http://www.httg.com/ozone.htm

Still can't find it? Still can't find it? Try our search engine. How many items are in my shopping cart? Ozone - Safe for You. Safe for the Environment. WHAT IS OZONE? Ozone is "active oxygen," nature's special element. (Each Ozone molecule consists of three oxygen atoms.) Ozone is a natural purifier. Ozone is created in nature by the combination of oxygen in air and the ultraviolet rays of the sun. Ozone has a clean. fresh scent noticed after a rainstorm. Ozone is the most powerful oxidizer safely used. Ozone is the alternative water purifier to traditional chemicals such as chlorine and bromine. OZONE IS CONVENIENT IN POOLS AND SPAS Ozone does not have to be purchased or stored. Ozone is generated "on site" and is introduced into the water or air automatically. Ozone does not affect the pH balance of water, thus minimizing pH adjustments. Ozone helps reduce total dissolved solids in water so that the water does not have to be changed as often. Ozone eliminates much of the routine maintenance because it does such an effective job keeping the water or air clean.

40. Stats And Questions Environmental myths exposed from global warming to disappearing resources to the ozone hole. http://members.tripod.com/~GOPcapitalist/FAQS.html#The Environment:

Questions and statistics: Consumption Tax Wouldn't prices rise in extremes? No. Business owners must pay income tax on all of the money they make. About 6% of the price of every item sold is used to pay the owners income taxes. With no income tax, prices would drop (for taxes would not pass on to the consumer). Besides, all will be able to keep their own income instead of paying it to the government in taxes. The greater incomes that result will stimulate our economy resulting in more people making more money. Wouldn't it be just as bureaucratic and hard to implement as the IRS? No. Almost every state has a consumption tax with systems in place for collection. By using these systems that are in place, no extra programs are needed. The money collected would be then passed on to a national level. Businesses will also be allowed to keep a small percentage to cover the costs of collecting the sales tax. Will it overtax those in poverty? No. Sales tax will not be collected on necessities such as food. The poor will pay essentially no tax while those who purchase luxuries will pay tax on them. The consumption tax takes the taxing power away from the government and gives it to you. Will it raise enough money?

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