21. Threatened And Endangered Mammal Species threatened and endangered Mammal Species Florida Black Bear A threatened Species;Fox Squirrels Quick Reference Sheet; New World rodents - Quick Reference http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/MENU_UW:Mammals_Endangered

Threatened and Endangered Mammal Species Florida Black Bear: A Threatened Species Fox Squirrels - Quick Reference Sheet New World Rodents - Quick Reference Sheet Squirrels of Florida ... Wildlife in Peril: South Florida Return to... Mammals

22. Threatened And Endangered Wildlife The bald eagle is on the US endangered Species List. It is classified as threatenedin all of the continental as well as its population of rodents and rabbits http://www.yampavalley.info/ag_and_envir0158.asp

Agriculture/Natural Resources/Wildlife Threatened and Endangered Wildlife There are a number of wild species in Colorado that are either endangered or threatened. An endangered species is one that is in such danger that it could become extinct. A threatened species is a species that is in risk of becoming endangered. It is very important that everyone realizes what wildlife species are already endangered and are threatened, so we all can help protect the diverse wildlife Colorado has to offer. Bald Eagles Lynx Boreal Toads River Otters ... Colorado Native Fish Bald Eagles Top Description: The bald eagle(Haliaeetus leucocephalus), named because of its white head, is found only in North America, and it's the continent's second largest bird of prey. Only the California condor, also on the federally endangered list, is larger.Here in the United States, the bald eagle is recognized as the country's national symbol, a distinction it has held since 1872. Young bald eagles are dark brown in color when they fledge the nest at about 12 weeks of age. Their head and tail feathers turn predominantly white in the fourth or fifth year. Adult males weigh about eight to nine pounds. Females are slightly larger, about 10 to 14 pounds. The birds' length is 31 to 37 inches with a wingspan of 6 to 7.5 feet. Range: Historically, bald eagles lived throughout North America from Alaska to Newfoundland, and from Florida to California. But numbers started to decline in the last century due to nest damage caused by pesticides, human disturbance and loss of trees for nesting habitat. Since the bald eagle was placed on the Endangered Species List and the pesticide, DDT, was banned, bald eagle populations have rebounded.

23. Mammal List endangered IL = Illinois threatened or endangered MO = Missouri threatened or endangeredE = endangered T = threatened Return to Return to Top Legend rodents http://midwest.fws.gov/marktwain/species_lists/mammal_list.htm

Mammal List General Information; Legend; Bats; Carnivores; ... Rodents General Information The Mark Twain National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1958 and supports a great diversity of riverine and floodplain habitats scattered along 350 miles of the Mississippi River corridor between Muscatine, Iowa and Gorham, Illinois. The 45,000 acres of habitats include islands, sloughs, backwaters, marshes, wetlands (moist soil), open waters, bottomland forests, and croplands and serve as a home to numerous mammals, amphibians, reptiles, fish and bird species. Certain refuge lands may be closed to serve as a sanctuary for the wildlife found there. Please contact the appropriate refuge office to learn of the opportunities in your area. Return to Top Legend The following list contains 50+ species that have been observed on the refuge. F = Federally Threatened or Endangered IA = Iowa Threatened or Endangered IL = Illinois Threatened or Endangered MO = Missouri Threatened or Endangered E = Endangered T = Threatened Return to Top Bats X Common Name F IA IL MO Bat, Big Brown

24. References In Prakash, I.; Ghosh, PK, eds. rodents in desert environments. MonographiaeBiologicae Vol. 28. 1994. endangered and threatened wildlife and plants http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/animals/mammal/dior/references.html

REFERENCES WILDLIFE SPECIES: Dipodomys ordii REFERENCES : . Alcoze, Thomas M.; Zimmerman, Earl G. 1973. Food habits and dietary overlap of two heteromyid rodents from the mesquite plains of Texas. Journal of Mammalogy. 54: 900-908. [9887] . Banfield, A. W. F. 1974. The mammals of Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 438 p. [25152] . Barro, S. C.; Conard, S. G. 1991. Fire effects on California chaparral systems: an overview. Environmental International. 17(2-3): 135-149. [15760] . Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p. [434] . Brown, James H.; Heske, Edward J. 1990. Control of a desert-grassland transition by a keystone rodent guild. Science. 250: 1705-1707. [25569] . Brown, James H.; Zeng, Zongyong. 1989. Comparative population ecology of eleven species of rodents in the Chihuahuan Desert. Ecology. 70(5): 1507-1525. [9469] . Campbell, R. S. 1929. Vegetative succession in the Prosopis sand dunes of southern New Mexico. Ecology. 10(4): 392-398. [4466]

25. References Mason, Robert B. 1981. Response of birds and rodents to controlled burning in pinyonjuniperwoodlands. 1994. endangered and threatened wildlife and plants http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/animals/bird/apco/references.html

REFERENCES WILDLIFE SPECIES: Aphelocoma coerulescens REFERENCES : . Donohoe, Robert W. 1974. American hornbeam Carpinus caroliniana Walt. In: Gill, John D.; Healy, William M., eds. Shrubs and vines for northeastern wildlife. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-9. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station: 86-88. [13714] . Balda, Russell P. 1987. Avian impacts on pinyon-juniper woodlands. In: Everett, Richard L., compiler. Proceedingspinyon-juniper conference; 1986 January 13-16; Reno, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-215. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station: 525-533. [4993] . Bent, Arthur Cleveland. 1964. Life histories of North American thrushes, kinglets, and their allies. New York: Dover Publications, Inc. 452 p. [24782] . Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p. [434] . Breininger, D. R.; Schmalzer, P. A. 1990. Effects of fire and disturbance on plants and birds in Florida oak/ palmetto scrub community. American Midland Naturalist. 123(1): 64-74. [9875]

26. Chwptxt and protected as endangered or threatened in Manitoba. white lady's slipper is anendangered orchid found its food (grasshoppers, insects or rodents) on thorns http://www.naturenorth.com/summer/mgp/endtxt.html

THREATENED AND ENDANGERED PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE Manitoba's Endangered Species Act (1990) protects plant and animal species that are considered endangered or threatened within Manitoba. Under the Act, native species threatened with extinction are classified as "endangered". Native species likely to become endangered or found in low numbers are classified as "threatened". A species is considered "vulnerable" if it is found in low numbers or restricted areas but is not yet threatened. Vulnerable species are not protected under the Act. The following mixed-grass prairie species are recognized and protected as endangered or threatened in Manitoba. Small white lady's slipper (Cypripedium candidum) The small white lady's slipper is an endangered orchid found in wet meadows in fewer than 10 locations in southern Manitoba. It grows in clumps, blooming briefly in late May or early June. Like many orchids, the small white lady's slipper cannot reproduce without the presence of a companion fungus, nor can the mature plants live without a symbiotic fungus found within its root system. It is unlawful to pick, dig or disturb the surroundings of this plant.

27. Index Of Texas Endangered Mammals endangered (E) or threatened (T) Bats, State Status, Federal Status(Listed). rodents, State Status, Federal Status (Listed). http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/nature/endang/animals/animalia.htm

Texas Threatened and Endangered Mammals If you have questions, you may contact 512/912-7011 for additional information.. Endangered (E) or Threatened (T) Bats State Status Federal Status (Listed) Greater Long-nosed Bat Leptonycteris nivalis E E Southern Yellow Bat Lasiurus ega T Spotted Bat Euderma maculatum T Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat Corynorhinus rafinesquii T Rodents State Status Federal Status (Listed) Texas Kangaroo Rat Dipodomys elator T Coues' Rice Rat Oryzomys couesi T Palo Duro Mouse Peromyscus truei comanche T Marine Mammals State Status Federal Status (Listed) Gervais' Beaked Whale Mesoplodon europaeus T Goose-beaked Whale Ziphius cavirostris T Pygmy Sperm Whale Kogia breviceps T Dwarf Sperm Whale Kogia simus T Sperm Whal e Physeter macrocephalus E E Atlantic Spotted Dolphin Stenella frontalis T Rough-toothed Dolphin Steno bredanensis T Killer Whale Orcinus orca T False Killer Whale Pseudorca crassidens T Short-finned Pilot Whale Globicephala macrorhynchus T Pygmy Killer Whale Feresa attenuata T Finback Whale Balaenoptera physalus E E Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus E E Black Right Whale Eubalaena glacialis E E West Indian Manatee Trichechus manatus

28. Hawk Haven: Research and grasslands; their diets primarily consist of small rodents. The bald eagle wasconsidered endangered in forty of the fifty states and threatened in five http://hawkhavenweb.tripod.com/research.htm

Get Five DVDs for $.49 each. Join now. Tell me when this page is updated On this Page: Parts of a Raptor Raptor Information Laws and Regulations Move your mouse over Sedona the Red-tailed Hawk to reveal the parts of a raptor Red-tailed Hawks Turkey Vultures Kestrel Falcons Barn Owls ... Click here to go back to the Top of the page Turkey Vultures are dark brown with a feather-less head that is red in adults and black in the juveniles. They have a wing span of six feet and a body length of twenty seven inches, when soaring the vultures hold their wings in a "V" instead of straight out. They can be found from Southern Canada through South America, they prefer open country and roost in large flocks in isolate areas. They nest on the ground under cover and in caves, where they normally lay two eggs. Turkey Vultures feed on carrion and will eat pretty much anything that is dead; they are seen feeding in large groups. When they feel threatened they will regurgitate their food as a defense mechanism, then will eat it again later. Turkey vultures are rather common and have no special conservation status. Click here to go back to the Top of the page Click here to go back to the Top of the page Click here to go back to the Top of the page Click here to go back to the Top of the page There are numerous laws set by the United States government to help protect wildlife some of them include:

29. NWRC - Vertebrate Control Products prey on livestock, poultry or federallydesignated threatened or endangered species 1080was registered for controlling canids, commensal rodents, and field http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ws/nwrc/research/EPA_products.html

Home About NWRC Field Stations History ... Advanced Search JavaScript is Disabled Home Research Programs PD Research Registration Unit Vertebrate Control Products (all Labels and Tech Notes in PDF format) Gas Cartridge: Gas Cartridges are incendiary devices designed to give off carbon monoxide when ignited. They are used to fumigate burrows of certain rodents and other mammals. Gas Cartridge - EPA Reg. No. 56228-2, Label (274K) Large Gas Cartridge - EPA Reg. No.56228-2, Label (350K) Zinc Phosphide: Zinc Phosphide is used in rodenticide baits to control a variety of rodent species including rats, mice, voles, ground squirrels and prairie dogs. Zinc Phosphide products registered by APHIS cannot be used to control rodents in and around the home. Zinc Phosphide On Wheat for Mouse Control - EPA Reg 56228-3, Label (167K)

30. California State Senate Republican Caucus to the growing list of endangered or threatened species. Enforcement and regulatoryactivity for endangered species give birds, insects, rodents and weeds http://republican.sen.ca.gov/opeds/18/oped1583.asp

Publications - 1/1/97 Roy Ashburn: A Friend of the Oil Industry. California’s oil industry is vital to the nation. And Kern County leads the state as the top oil and gas producer. I am pleased to represent one of the nation’s top oil producing counties. As a legislator, my goals include fighting against the threat of increased regulations and taxes, and for workers’ compensation and endangered species reform. That is why I am working on two measures this year that will benefit the oil industry. The first bill, AB 975, would make important reforms to current workers’ compensation law. Every year, thousands of people are injured in the workplace. While most workers are hurt due to honest mistakes or misfortune, many are injured because they are drunk or under the influence of illegal drugs. Even when an injured employee tests positive for drugs or alcohol immediately after an accident, current law requires employers to pay benefits anyway. The only way an employer can avoid paying the claim in a situation like this is to prove that the accident was a result of the employee being impaired by drugs or alcohol. Often it is less expensive for an employer to pay a claim than to fight it in court. AB 975 would correct this problem by shifting the burden of proving fault of a workplace injury from the employer to the employee when the employee was under the influence of illegal drugs or alcohol when the injury occurred.

31. Rattlesnake Roundups on rodents, keeping the populations naturally in check so that the rodents do not Thetimber rattlesnake is listed as endangered or threatened in several http://www.hsus.org/ace/12057

About Us Field Projects How You Can Help Publications ... Rattlesnake Roundups Rattlesnake Roundups Rattlesnake roundups take place from January through July in Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Alabama, and Georgia. Roundups started as a misguided attempt to rid areas of rattlesnakes, but they have evolved into commercial events that promote animal cruelty and environmentally damaging behavior. Thousands of rattlesnakes are captured and slaughtered, or mistreated in competitive events that violate the basic principles of wildlife management and humane treatment of animals. Depleted Rattlesnake Populations No other wild animal in the United States is as extensively exploited and traded without regulation or oversight as the rattlesnake. Several species could become extinct just as we are beginning to understand their ecological importance. Rattlesnakes are important to their ecosystems. They prey on rodents, keeping the populations naturally in check so that the rodents do not cause crop damage or spread disease. Rattlesnakes are also important prey for raptors and other animals. Four species commonly found in roundups are the eastern diamondback rattlesnake, the western diamondback rattlesnake, the timber rattlesnake, and the western or prairie rattlesnake. The timber rattlesnake is listed as endangered or threatened in several states, but no federal or international laws currently protect this species. The western diamondback rattlesnake, the eastern diamondback rattlesnake, and the western or prairie rattlesnake are not protected anywhere in their ranges, nor are they protected by any federal or international laws. We must act now to save remaining rattlesnake populations and gather the knowledge necessary for developing long-term conservation strategies.

32. Critters | Threatened & Endangered Species They feed primarily on rodents but will occasionally capture small birds. Pull Downfor Information. http://www.agfc.com/critters/wildlife_bird_p2.html

All About Birds Navigate: Pull Down for Bookmarks Bluebird Bluejay Cardinal Goldfinch Mockingbird Barn Owl Click Photo for Big Version The Barn Owl is 14-20 inches in length and has a wingspan of 43-47 inches. The barn owl often roosts and nests in buildings and hunts in areas cleared for agriculture, particularly meadows and pastures. It is perhaps the most distinctive looking owl with its long legs and heart-shaped face. Like other owls, the barn owl can locate and capture prey in total darkness using its hearing alone. This is accomplished with asymmetrically positioned ear openings, and the aid of the facial disks. They feed primarily on rodents but will occasionally capture small birds. These owls nest during any month of the year and are believed to mate for life. A pair of barn owls will raise 1-3 broods per year. The young stay in the nest for 55-65 days and are fed by both sexes. Many farmers encourage the presence of this excellent mouser in their barns. These owls are rare to uncommon and a decline has been noted in the East.

33. Potential Effects Of Global Change On Bats Article on bats by Michael A. Bogan, a Research Biologist of USGC, and Professor at University of Category Recreation Outdoors Wildlife Bats...... Among mammals, bats are the second most diverse order (after rodents) and occur onall continents except Antarctica. endangered and threatened wildlife and http://geochange.er.usgs.gov/sw/impacts/biology/bats/

Potential Effects of Global Change on Bats Michael A. Bogan Wildlife Research Biologist, Biological Resources Division, USGS and Research Professor of Biology, University of New Mexico Figure 1. Mexican big-eared bat Idionycteris phyllotis . Largely a forest dweller inhabiting caves in pine-oak forests. (Photograph by Dr. J. Scott Altenbach. Department of Biology, University of New Mexico) Other species of bats, especially in temperate zones, are insectivorous and collectively consume large quantities of insects. Just as pollinating activities of bats are important to plant ecology, the insectivorous food habits of bats play an important role in maintaining a balance among insect populations. Although studies of bats have demonstrated some flexibility in food habits over time, most species appear to be specialized to pursue and capture selected kinds or categories of insects. Furthermore, bats are dependent upon a reliable and consistent "supply" of prey, even though specific insect populations grow and disappear over the course of a summer season. Changes in worldwide insect population occurrence or distribution can be expected to affect numbers and species diversity of bats. Figure 2.

34. CPC Plant Profile - National Collection Of Endangered Plants Plants in cultivation at Desert Botanical Garden are avoided by rodents, and havefew insect Handbook of Arizona's endangered, threatened, and candidate plants http://ridgwaydb.mobot.org/cpcweb/CPC_ViewProfile.asp?CPCNum=118

35. CPC Plant Profile - National Collection Of Endangered Plants boating in and around the populations • Nutria (aquatic rodents) eating stalks. endangered,threatened, and Rare Wetland Plants and Animals of the Continental http://ridgwaydb.mobot.org/cpcweb/CPC_ViewProfile.asp?CPCNum=4456

36. THE PRAIRIE DOG prairies, endangered, mammals grasslands, colonies, Saskatchewan,pets, threatened, rodents. THE PRAIRIE DOG. 1. Where they live At http://www.saskschools.ca/~gregory/animals/pdog.html

THE PRAIRIE DOG 1. Where they live At one time there were millions of prairie dogs living on the plains and grasslands. These ground squirrels lived in towns made up of underground tunnels or burrows. Today, Black-tailed prairie dogs are found in one river valley in southern Saskatchewan (the Val Marie area ) and on grasslands throughout most of western United States to New Mexico. 2. A prairie dog home Prairie dog towns may contain hundreds of prairie dogs. These towns are divided into wards, then into neighborhoods. Each neighborhood is made up of family members - babies, brothers and sisters, females and one or two males. three prairie dogs Their underground tunnels connect to rooms. There are nurseries, bedrooms lined with dried grass, bathrooms and a listening room which is close to the entrance. Here the prairie dog listens for danger before going outside. a tunnel The entrance to the prairie dog's burrow is surrounded by a pile of soil. This mound serves as a lookout and protects the burrow against floods. The tunnels go down about three meters ( or ten feet ) and can be 15 meters ( 50 feet) from one entrance to another.

37. Biosurf Unit 7 Vertebrates elephants, rabbits, sirenians. walrus, rodents, bats. Geographic region Extinct,endangered, or threatened? . http://www.phschool.com/science/biosurf/vertebrates/7link.html

You will use information on the World Wide Web to answer a series of questions. EXERCISE 1 CONVERGENT EVOLUTION AND MAMMAL DIVERSITY Convergent evolution has produced mammals on different continents that look similar and occupy similar niches, but are not closely related. Some of these similar-looking mammals were once grouped together. Closer examination of skeletal structures, as well as protein and DNA analysis, has led to better classification schemes. You will be using the Animal Diversity Web from the University of Michigan to answer the following questions about mammal classification and to investigate a mammal of your choosing. Print out the worksheet below and use the link above to answer the following questions. Name Link and Think: Convergent Evolution and Mammal Diversity Use the Animal Diversity Web to get descriptions of mammalian orders and profiles of specific species. You may access this information by conducting a quick search, or by browsing the mammal pages The pangolin, or scaly anteater, was once grouped with the armadillos and anteaters. It has now been reclassified in a new order called Pholidota. What order do the armadillo and anteater belong to? What other animal belongs to this order (it comes in two or three-toed varieties)?

38. WE HAVE MORE AND FEWER RABBITS THAN WE THINK rather than the single pair characteristic of rats, mice, beavers, and other rodents. statusof at least eight is considered to be endangered or threatened. http://www.uga.edu/srel/ecoview11-28-99.htm

ECOVIEWS WE HAVE MORE AND FEWER RABBITS THAN WE THINK By Whit Gibbons Saying that a species "breeds like rabbits" implies a high reproductive rate. But do not assume that all rabbits and hares of the world are replacing their numbers as fast as they are being depleted. According to Andrew T. Smith in the newsletter of the Species Survival Commission of IUCNthe World Conservation Unionalmost one-fourth of the lagomorphs in the world are threatened globally. Lagomorphs, which include more than 80 living species of rabbits, hares, and pikas, are not rodents. Look at a rabbit's front teeth closely, and you will see two pair of incisors, one behind the other, rather than the single pair characteristic of rats, mice, beavers, and other rodents. Everyone is familiar with rabbits, both wild and domesticated. Pikas are furry little creatures that are generally smaller than rabbits and lack tails. Most hares are larger than rabbits and usually have black ear tips. The jackrabbit of the western United States is actually a hare. Of the many species that still exist in the rabbit family, some are in serious trouble as a result of human activities. IUCN specialist groups are made up of scientific advisors who examine the conservation status of particular plants or animals on a global scale. The Lagomorph Specialist Group recently reported on some of their activities related to the rabbits, hares, and pikas of the world. The report makes it readily apparent that environmental conditions are less than healthy for many species.

39. EEK! - Critter Corner - Snakes!! They eat lots of rodents and other small pests. the bounty was lifted and the massasaugawas placed on the Wisconsin endangered and threatened Species List http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/caer/ce/eek/critter/reptile/snakes.htm

SSSSSSSSnakes Did you know that there are as many as 21 kinds of snakes in Wisconsin? Wow, that’s a lot! Only two of these snakes are poisonous, the timber rattlesnake and the eastern massasauga (mas-a-sa-gwa) rattlesnake. They are found only in specific habitats in the the southwestern part of the state. A few of Wisconsin’s snakes are endangered including: the massasauga rattlesnake, queen snake, western ribbon snake and the northern ribbon snake. Some snakes are the "protected wild animal" category which means that it is illegal to hunt or possess them. Wisconsin Snake Check List: (Check the ones you’ve seen) Black rat snake or pilot snake (Protected Wild Animal) Blue racer or yellow-bellied racer (Protected Wild Animal) Brown snake or DeKay's snake Bullsnake (Protected Wild Animal) Butler’s garter snake (Threatened) Common garter snake Eastern plains garter snake Eastern hognose snake Eastern milk snake ... Eastern massasauga rattler (Endangered) Northern redbelly snake Northern ribbon snake Northern ringneck snake Northern water snake ... Timber rattler snake (Protected Wild Animal) Western fox snake (sometimes called "pine" snake) Western ribbon snake Fun Facts About Snakes Snakes are ectothermic. Can you guess what that means? It means that they must rely on their surroundings to control their body temperature. So, in the heat of the summer, where do you suppose they go? They head underground or crawl into cool spaces or into areas with lots of vegetation. This keeps them cool in the heat of they day. On a cool day in the spring or fall, you might see a snake "sunning" itself out in the open where the sun can warm it up.

40. Endangered Species Of Everglades National Park Presently endangered rodents Key Largo Wood Rat Key Largo Cotton Mouse. The survivalof the manatee has been threatened due to propellers of boats, vandal http://www.nps.gov/ever/ed/eddanger.htm

Endangered Species E V E R G L A D E S N A T I O N A L P A R K All of the endangered species in the Everglades are threatened by loss of habitat and alteration of water flow. What is an endangered species? Why are some species considered to be endangered? How do species become endangered? What contributes to this process? These basic questions must be considered by the youth of today if we are going to preserve our natural environment. An endangered species is a species of plant or animal that, throughout all or a significant portion of its range, is in danger of extinction. Everglades National Park is, or was at one time, home to fifteen endangered species. A sixteenth species, the Red-Cockaded Woodpecker, disappeared from the park in the 1940's. All of the rare and endangered species are threatened by loss of habitat and alteration of water flow to the park. The survival of these species is a major focus of the park's research effort. When active population management (such as captive breeding or reintroduction) is necessary, the Park Service joins forces with other wildlife agencies. The continued survival of the Everglades depends on careful, complimentary management programs.

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