21. Military History Topics - Roman Empire Fortress and Fort, Gwynedd, Wales; Collapse of the roman empire Article, includinglinks and bibliography, on the military collapse of the roman empire. http://www.simonides.org/links/topics/empires/roman-empire.html

THE ROMAN EMPIRE CTRL-F TO SEARCH or SCROLL BAR TO BROWSE WEBSITES II Parthian Legion Ancient History Sourcebook: Livy: The Roman Way of Declaring War, c. 650 BCE Ancient Rome Ancient Roman Technology (UNC-CH) Not exactly military but very interesting anyway. A site with potential. Armamentarium Resource on Roman arms and armor. Athena Image Archive: British sites Photographs of Roman sites includes some military locations Antonine Wall Scotland Frontier - Strathclyde Region and Central Region, Arts de la guerre Baginton Fort, West Midlands, Central England Barbarization in the Late Roman Army Article, including links and bibliography, on barbarians in the late Roman army. Battle of Teutoburg Forest, 9 AD, The Bibliography of Roman Military History in Britain Birmingham Roman Roads Project British Museum ... Collapse of the Roman Empire Article, including links and bibliography, on the military collapse of the Roman Empire De re militari Association Perhaps the best omnibus military site Hadrians Wall Sites History - Roman History in Cumbria Index of Roman Legions Julius Ceaser Julius Caesar - Introduction Kalkriese [German] An enormous site, dealing with excavations and explorations concerning the defeat of Varus and his troops in A.D. 9. There are many many maps, pictures plans, stratigraphic drawings, etc. here, and most of the sections are cross-referenced with useful articles.

22. Roman365 : Returning Roman History To The Living Roman Empire! A portal site for the roman reenactor. roman-era-related links, discussion forums, lists of roman Category Recreation Living History Europe Antiquity...... Information regarding places and sites throughout the roman empire. roman365 historyhistory (24) roman History military, roman365 language and http://www.roman365.com/

Roman365 : Returning Roman History to the Living Roman Empire! Roman365 : Returning Roman History to the Living Roman Empire! : roman, roman empire, roman numeral, roman god, roman mythology, roman gladiator, architecture, history, emperor, army, colosseum, coin, art, bath, aqueduct, coliseum, soldier, ancient, clothing, food, legion, weapon, forum, picture Welcome to Roman365 Friday April 11, 2003 Visitors Currently Online : / Avg. Hits per Link : Hits In : / Hits Out : / Linked Sites : Back Home Add a Site Modify a Site New sites Popular Sites ... Places Information regarding places and sites throughout the roman empire. africa britain italy ... (more) archaeology Roman archaeological and research projects. britain etruscan italy ... (more) art and architecture Roman art and architecture pantheon currency and commerce Links relating to roman currency and commerce dead links Links which have gone dead for now and if after a period of time cannot be fixed will have to be removed. discussion Links to sites and online resources where you can enter into discussion with other like minded induviduals.

23. PBS: The Roman Empire In The First Century - The Roman Empire the Senate as well as his former political ally, the formidable military leader Pompey Pompey'sand Caesar's armies would duel for control of the roman empire. http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/empire1a.html

Timeline Special Features About the Film Classroom Resources ... The Legend of Augustus Julius Caesar's Military Success and Murder Augustus Rises to Power Julius Caesar's Military Success and Murder When Augustus was just four years old, his father suddenly died; without a male mentor, the boy's future looked bleak. But in 49 BC, when he was thirteen, Augustus' fortunes took a dramatic turn for the better when his great uncle, Julius Caesar, gained the upper hand on the battlefield. Caesar openly defied the Senate as well as his former political ally, the formidable military leader Pompey. Together, Caesar, Pompey and Crassus had formed the First Triumvirate, a political union that dealt a deathblow to Rome's Republican system of government. Pompey's and Caesar's armies would duel for control of the Roman Empire. As Caesar led his army across the Rubicon River toward Rome, Pompey fled to Greece to prepare for war. Caesar declared himself master of Rome, and ruler of an empire still aspiring to greatness. Julius Caesar Ronald Mellor : At the time of Julius Caesar, the Roman Empire was a little bit like a boy who's reached six feet tall and yet he's only fourteen or fifteen years old. He's not yet a man. The externals of empire were there. The armies were there. The Romans governed most of the coast of the Mediterranean with the exception of Egypt. However, they had not yet learned to bring that into a functioning organism.

24. PBS: The Roman Empire In The First Century - The Roman Empire The roman Republic, the most progressive political structure of its day, was in ruins.Chaos reigned in its stead. Julius Caesar's military success and murder http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/

Timeline Special Features About the Film Classroom Resources ... Shop PBS The Legend of Augustus Julius Caesar's Military Success and Murder Augustus Rises to Power The Legend of Augustus Two thousand years after Egypt's pharaohs reigned supreme, four hundred years after the flowering of Greek culture, and three hundred years after Alexander the Great, a boy named Octavian was born in a small Italian town. The birth of the child who would become known as Augustus, the ancient historian Suetonius tells us, was gilded by legend: Augustus In truth, he writes, the prospects of young Augustus were far from grand. The boy was sickly, with few connections. His family were country people; his father, the first in their line to join the Senate. In addition, Augustus was born into dangerous times.

25. The Transition Of The Roman Empire And Its Military appearance. The barbarian invasions of the roman empire for the The roman army hadalways to deal with Rome solved the problem through military conquest with http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/gabrmetz/gabr0013.htm

Chapter 4 - A Transition of War Introduction Writing in 1744, Abbe Galliani noted that "empires being neither up nor down do not fall. They change their appearance." The barbarian invasions of the Roman empire for the first four centuries match precisely this description. Rome did not collapse as much as it metamorphosed into a decentralized state of quasi-Romanized Germanic fiefdoms each ruled by a warlord equipped with a private army. The Roman army had always to deal with the problem of hostile tribal orders on its boundaries. In Gaul, Spain, and Britain, Rome solved the problem through military conquest with the eventual Romanization of the tribal peoples resident in these areas. The problem on the German frontier , however, was different . Here the tribes were very large, culturally warlike, offered nothing in terms of resources that could be obtained by conquest, and occupied an area of dense forest, rivers, and mountainous terrain that was very difficult to conquer and occupy. The massacre of three Roman legions at the hands of the German tribal chieftain Armenius in 9 A.D. in the Teutoberg forest effectively settled the question of conquest for the Romans.

26. Roman Empire man of the state), which later became the official title of the roman emperors.His imperium, or military authority, extended throughout the empire and was http://www.crystalinks.com/romanempire.html

In 44 BC Gaius Julius Caesar, the Roman leader who ruled the Roman Republic as a dictator, was assassinated. Rome descended into more than ten years of civil war and political upheaval. After Caesar's heir Gaius Octavius (also known as Octavian) defeated his last rivals, the Senate in 27 BC proclaimed him Augustus, meaning the exalted or holy one. In this way Augustus established the monarchy that became known as the Roman Empire. The Roman Republic, which had lasted nearly 500 years, was dead, never to be revived. The empire would endure for another 500 years until AD 476 The Romans formed that synthesis during the longest continuous period of peaceful prosperity that the Mediterranean world has ever known. Even after a German invader in AD 476 deposed Romulus Augustulus, the last emperor residing in Rome, emperors who called themselves "Roman" (although they are known historically as Byzantine) continued to rule in Constantinople until AD 1453 (SeeÊ Byzantine Empire). The impact of the Roman people endures until the present day.

27. Remnants Of The Roman Empire The emperor of the eastern half of the empire, Leo I (not to be confused with theBishop A military commander in the west, Orestes a roman from Pannonia http://www.fsmitha.com/h1/ch26.htm

home contents page THE ANCIENT WORLD previous next links and books Chapter 27 REMNANTS OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE INVADERS AND THE DIMINISHING REMAINS OF ROMAN POWER After the Visigoths besieged and departed from Rome, a storm frustrated their plans to cross from southern Italy into North Africa. The Visigoth leader, Alaric, died, and instead of trying to cross the Mediterranean the Visigoths journeyed north into southwestern Gaul , spreading what to some appeared to be God's punishment of Rome. From his palace in Ravenna , the Roman emperor in the west, Honorius, felt obliged to make peace with the Visigoths. His sister, Placidia, married their new leader, Atauf. And, in 418, the Visigoths were granted a legal domain in southwestern Gaul. The Visigoths made Toulouse their capital, and they established themselves as protectors of those who were there when they arrived. In accord with Roman tradition, as protectors the Visigoths had the right to possess from one-third to two-thirds of the land or the produce from those lands. Local people who owned large tracts of land lost much of it to the Visigoths, while most who came under Visigoth rule had little land to lose. The Visigoths were awed by Roman civilization. They adopted local methods of agriculture. For the time being, they held on to their Arian Christianity, which was offensive heresy to local Christians, but the Visigoths began to learn Latin, and they administered their territory as the Romans had, using local Roman bureaucrats. Those who had been there before the Visigoths (the Gallo-Romans) began adopting Germanic ways. They wanted to belong. Some of them began wearing Visigoth trousers instead of the Roman toga. Some wore the jewelry worn by Visigoths, and they imitated the rougher manners of the Visigoths.

28. Enemies Of The Roman Empire: The Goths And Later Germanic Invaders During the Fifth Century, the Western roman empire was gradually dismantled by Visigoths ahigh ranking Gothic or Vandal commander in roman military service who http://myron.sjsu.edu/romeweb/ENEMIES/art17.htm

Contents Previous Article Next Article The Goths and Later Germanic Invaders Little is known about the early history of the Goths before they came into contact with the Romans. What little evidence we have indicates that they probably came from Scandinavia. In the first millennium B. C., they crossed the Baltic Sea and migrated into Northeastern Europe in the area occupied by Poland today. Later, they moved again and made their home in the area north of the Black Sea. Nobody knows for sure what caused these migrations but they became known as the Wanderings of the Peoples. Anthropologists speculate that changes in climate caused the land to produce less food and forage for animals during this period and the excess population had to look for new homes. The Roman historian Tacitus describes the Germans, of whom the Goths are a group, as a people with nomadic lifestyle and a love for warfare. They looked down on farming as a way of life and actually considered the hardworking farmer lazy because he was not willing to make a living by warfare and plunder. According to Tacitus, the Germans considered laziness to be "acquiring by honest toil that which you might procure by the shedding of blood". It is interesting to note that racism was just as much a part of the human experience 1900 years ago as it is today. In this case, it was a short, olive skinned people who were the dominant culture and the tall blond and redheaded people were considered brutish, ugly and oversized, lacking in intelligence, difficult to civilize, and overly fond of warfare, murder, and pillaging. In spite of his comments, Tacitus does show admiration for the energetic and freedom - loving German people.

29. Medieval Atlas - Maps Of The Holy Roman Empire - Medieval Germany In Maps in 887 From the Atlas to Freeman's Historical Geography, edited by JB Bury, a mapdepicting the Holy roman empire in 887 SPECIAL OFFER FROM military HISTORY! http://historymedren.about.com/library/atlas/blathredex.htm

zfp=-1 About History Medieval History Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting in partnership with Medieval History with Melissa Snell Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') This Week's Articles tod('tih'); Today in History Daily Quiz tod('pod'); Picture of the Day Special Subscription Offers Subscribe Now Choose One: Subscribe Customer Service Subjects Reference Tools Byzantine Studies Europe Great Britain ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Maps of the Holy Roman Empire (Germany) What is today Germany was the heart of the Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages. Over the centuries the boundaries of the Empire, as well as its cohesion, underwent massive changes. Some of these changes are reflected in the maps offered here. You can find related materials about the history of Medieval Germany in our Medieval Germany Subject Index , and a concise overview of the Holy Roman Empire in this article by Raymond H. Schmandt.

30. The Forgotten Empire - Byzantine Civilization Of The Middle Ages directory of useful sites about the people, places, art, architecture, religioushistory, military history and general history of the Eastern roman empire. http://historymedren.about.com/library/weekly/aa100697.htm

zfp=-1 About History Medieval History Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting in partnership with Medieval History with Melissa Snell Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') This Week's Articles tod('tih'); Today in History Daily Quiz tod('pod'); Picture of the Day Special Subscription Offers Subscribe Now Choose One: Subscribe Customer Service Subjects Reference Tools Byzantine Studies Europe Great Britain ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement The Forgotten Empire When Rome fell, Byzantium lasted another thousand years by Melissa Snell In the fifth century AD, the mighty Roman Empire "fell" to invading barbarians and complex internal pressures. The land that had been centrally governed for centuries disintegrated into numerous warring states. The safety and privileges enjoyed by some residents of the empire vanished to be replaced by a constant state of danger and uncertainty; others merely traded one set of daily terrors for another. Europe was plunged into what Renaissance scholars would label a "dark age." Yet Byzantium remained.

31. Met Special Topics Page | The Roman Empire (27 B.C.-393 A.D.) under Augustus and Tiberius, relied more on diplomacy than military force. With itsborders secure and a stable central government, the roman empire enjoyed a http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/roem/hd_roem.htm

Related Timeline Content Anatolia and the Caucasus, 1000 B.C.-1 A.D. Anatolia and the Caucasus, 1-500 A.D. Balkan Peninsula, 1000 B.C.-1 A.D. Balkan Peninsula,1-500 A.D. Central Europe (including Germany), 500-1000 A.D. Eastern Europe and Scandanavia, 1-500 A.D. Eastern Europe and Scandanavia, 500-1000 A.D. The Eastern Mediterranean, 1000 B.C.-1 A.D. The Eastern Mediterranean, 1-500 A.D. Egypt, 1000 B.C.-1 A.D. Egypt, 1-500 A.D. Egypt, 500-1000 A.D. Iberian Peninsula, 1000 B.C.-1 A.D. Iberian Peninsula, 1-500 A.D. Italian Peninsula, 1000 B.C-1 A.D. Italian Peninsula, 1-500 A.D. Italian Peninsula, 500-1000 A.D. Western and Central Europe, 1-500 A.D. Western North Africa, 1-500 A.D. Western North Africa, 500-1000 A.D. Antiquity in the Middle Ages Barbarians and Romans Byzantium Han Dynasty The Holy Roman Empire and the Habsburgs Palmyra The Rediscovery of Classical Antiquity The Roman Republic The Silk and Spice Routes To learn more about the previous period of Roman rule, see The Roman Republic Boundary of the Roman empire and dependent territories, ca. 1 A.D. Enlarge for more detail The Five Good Emperors and the Age of the Antonines Next Page Greek and Roman Art: Features and Exhibitions Collection Online Resources (Links) Books in the Met Store Egyptian Art: Features and Exhibitions Collection Online Resources (Links) Books in the Met Store Medieval Art: Features and Exhibitions Collection Online Resources (Links) Books in the Met Store The Cloisters: Features and Exhibitions Collection Online Resources (Links) Books in the Met Store ... Terms and Conditions.

32. Met Thematic Page | The Roman Empire (27 B.C.-393 A.D.) borders of the empire and who had long been recruited to serve as mercenaries inthe roman army, began to emerge as powerful political and military forces in http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/roem/hd_roem_2.htm

Related Timeline Content Anatolia and the Caucasus, 1000 B.C.-1 A.D. Anatolia and the Caucasus, 1-500 A.D. Balkan Peninsula, 1000 B.C.-1 A.D. Balkan Peninsula,1-500 A.D. Eastern Europe and Scandanavia, 1-500 A.D. The Eastern Mediterranean, 1000 B.C.-1 A.D. The Eastern Mediterranean, 1-500 A.D. Egypt, 1000 B.C.-1 A.D. Egypt, 1-500 A.D. Iberian Peninsula, 1000 B.C.-1 A.D. Iberian Peninsula, 1-500 A.D. Italian Peninsula, 1000 B.C-1 A.D. Italian Peninsula, 1-500 A.D. Western and Central Europe, 1-500 A.D. Palmyra Provinces of the Later Roman Empire The Roman Republic The Silk and Spice Routes To learn more about the previous period of Roman rule, see The Roman Republic The Severans Byzantine empire , which itself survived until the Ottoman capture of Constantinople in 1453. Previous Page Special Exhibitions: The Year One: Art of the Ancient World East and West Greek and Roman Art: Collection Online Resources (Links) Books in the Met Store Egyptian Art: Collection Online Resources (Links) Books in the Met Store Medieval Art: Collection Online Resources (Links) Books in the Met Store Ancient Near Eastern Art: Collection Online Resources (Links) The Cloisters: Collection Online Resources (Links) Timeline Site Map Index ... Terms and Conditions.

33. AeroArt On-Line Military Miniatures Roman Empire roman empire. Diorama09, Teutoburg Forest Battle Rome vs. Germans 9AD.Republic Period 400 BC - 50 BC. MP, Teutoburg Forest Battle, Mounted http://www.aeroartinc.com/tier2mp.asp?selection=002

34. The Roman Empire ns, Vol. 18 (1974) 1326. A. Ferrill, The Fall of the roman EmpireThe military Explanation. London Thames and Hudson, 1986. http://www.earlychurch.org.uk/empire.html

The Roman Empire - QUICK FIND INDEX - Bibliographies Primary Sources Secondary Sources Bibliographies Alden M. Robbins, Rome in the Fourth Century A.D.: An Annotated Bibliography with Historical Overview Primary Sources Secondary Sources Kurt Aland, "The Relation Between Church and State in Early Times: A Reinterpretation," Journal of Theological Studies , n.s. 19 (1968): 115-127. B. Baldwin, Studies on Greek and Roman History and Literature . Amsterdam: Gieben, 1985. J.P.V.D. Balsdon, Romans and Aliens . London: Duckworth, 1979. Leslie W. Barnard, "Church and State Relations A.D. 313-337," Journal of Church and State Timothy D. Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius , new edn. Harvard University Press, 1984. Pbk. ISBN: 0674165314. pp.464. T.D. Barnes, Early Christianity and the Roman Empire . London: Variorum Reprints, 1985. G.W. Bowersock, Martyrdom and Rome . Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1995. Peter Brown, The Making of Late Antiquity . Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978.

35. StrategyPage.com - Military Book Reviews and the roman empire provides a view of the cultural and social framework withinwhich unfolded many of the critical political and military developments of the http://www.strategypage.com/bookreviews/148.asp

HTMW Wars CIC DLS ... War with Iraq April 11, 2003 Home Feedback Book Reviews Military Humor ... Return to Book Review Index Christianity and the Roman Empire: Background Texts , by Ralph Martin Novak Harrisburg, Pa.: Trinity Press, 2001. Pp. x, 340. Append., notes, biblio., indices. $28.00 paper. ISBN:1-56338-347-0. StrategyPage doesn’t normally review works that fall outside of the realms of military, defense, security, and related disciplines. However, the Editors do reserve the right to do so if a work “outside” our primary areas of interest impinges interestingly upon it. This is certainly the case with Christianity and the Roman Empire In Classical Antiquity there was a far more intimate relationship between what we today term “politics” and “religion,” so on one level Christianity and the Roman Empire Altogether a worthwhile read for anyone with an interest in the history of the Roman Empire. Reviewer: A.A. Nofi, CNO SSG Buy it at Amazon.com Return to Book Review Index Don't Miss Out! Subscribe Today! Get our hot content delivered to you daily!

36. The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire of Christianity, had some influence on the decline and fall of the roman empire. ofsociety were discouraged; and the last remains of military spirit were http://www.ccel.org/g/gibbon/decline/volume1/chap39.htm

The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire In The West General Observations On The Fall Of The Roman Empire In The West THE Greeks, after their country had been reduced into a province, imputed the triumphs of Rome, not to the merit, but to the FORTUNE, of the republic. The inconstant goddess who so blindly distributes and resumes her favours, had now consented (such was the language of envious flattery) to resign her wings, to descend from her globe, and to fix her firm and immutable throne on the banks of the Tiber. A wiser Greek, who has composed, with a philosophic spirit, the memorable history of his own times, deprived his countrymen of this vain and delusive comfort, by opening to their view the deep foundations of the greatness of Rome. The fidelity of the citizens to each other and to the state was confirmed by the habits of education and the prejudices of religion. Honour, as well as virtue, was the principle of the republic; the ambitious citizens laboured to deserve the solemn glories of a triumph; and the ardour of the Roman youth was kindled into active emulation as often as they beheld the domestic images of their ancestors. The temperate struggles of the patricians and plebeians had finally established the firm and equal balance of the constitution, which united the freedom of popular assemblies with the authority and wisdom of a senate and the executive powers of a regal magistrate. When the consul displayed the standard of the republic, each citizen bound himself, by the obligation of an oath, to draw his sword in the cause of his country till he had discharged the sacred duty by a military service of ten years. This wise institution continually poured into the field the rising generations of freemen and soldiers; and their numbers were reinforced by the warlike and populous states of Italy, who, after a brave resistance, had yielded to the valour and embraced the alliance of the Romans. The sage historian, who excited the virtue of the younger Scipio and beheld the ruin of Carthage

37. The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire I Scope of chapter 1 The extent and military force of the roman empire,in the age of the Antonines. The Decline And Fall Of The http://www.ccel.org/g/gibbon/decline/volume1/cntnt1.htm

The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire In The West by Edward Gibbon Scope Of Chapter I The extent and military force of the Roman empire, in the age of the Antonines. Introduction Moderation of Augustus Imitated by his Successors Conquest of Britain , the first Exception to it Conquest of Dacia , the second Exception to it Conquests of Trajan in the East Resigned by his successor Hadrian Contrast of Hadrian and Antoninus Pius Pacific System of Hadrian and the two Antonines Defensive Wars of Marcus Antoninus Military Establishment of the Roman Emperors: Discipline Exercises The Legions under the Emperors, Arms Cavalry Auxiliaries Artillery ... Number and Disposition of the Legions Navy Amount of the whole Establishment View of the Provinces of the Roman Empire Spain Gaul Britain Italy ... The Danube and Illyrian Frontier, Rhaetia Noricum and Pannonia Dalmatia Maesia and Dacia ... General Idea of the Roman Empire Volume 1 Main Index Volume 2

38. The Later Roman Empire The provincial middle class, particularly in the western empire, was financiallyruined 3. military. that the security of the lands near the roman frontiers was http://www.ku.edu/kansas/medieval/108/lectures/late_roman_empire.html

The Later Roman Empire Dictionary and Thesaurus The reforms of Diocletian and Constantine "preserved" the empire, but changed it radically. The Reforms of Diocletian (284-305 d. 311) Before you plunge into a consideration of Diocletian's reign, you might be interested to know that much of the great palace he built for himself in ex-Yugoslavia is still sufficiently intact to provide one with a good idea of how the rulers of the Roman empire lived. You might want to visit it and look around. Political a. He divided the empire into two independent parts, leaving an impoverished and vulnerable western empire. Note that the Western empire had by far the longer frontier to defend, and a much smaller tax base with which to pay for its defense. b. Established the Augustus-Caesar policy of succession. Under this system, there were two emperors ( Augusti ), each of whom appointed a Caesar to defend the frontiers. When an emperor died, his Caesar was supposed to succeed him, take over his administration, and appoint a Caesar to defend the frontiers and eventually succeed to the emperorship. This was an attempt to create a stable form of succession which had been the weakness of the original empire but it failed. c. Made the provinces smaller and appointed both a civil and military governor over each. This generally increased government interference at local level and took affairs out of the hands of the middle classes of the provinces. Once they no longer had an important role in the governing of the empire, the imperial administration was able to tax the urban middle classes to the point of destroying them, at least in the western empire.

39. Medieval Sourcebook: Gibbon: The Fall Of The Roman Empire of Christianity had some influence on the decline and fall of the roman empire. ofsociety were discouraged; and the last remains of the military spirit were http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/gibbon-fall.html

Medieval Sourcebook: Edward Gibbon: General Observations on the Fall of the Roman Empire in the West from The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire , Chapter 38 I II. III. Since the first discovery of the arts, war, commerce, and religious zeal have diffused, among the savages of the Old and New World, those inestimable gifts: they have been successively propagated; they can never be lost. We may therefore acquiesce in the pleasing conclusion that every age of the world has increased, and still increases, the real wealth, the happiness, the knowledge, and perhaps the virtue, of the human race.[15] NOTES [[2]] See the inestimable remains of the sixth book of Polybius, and many other parts of his general history, particularly a digression in the seventeenth [leg. eighteenth] book, in which he compares: the phalanx and the legion [c. 12-15]. [[3]] Sallust, de Bell. Jugurthin. c. 4. Such were the generous professions of P. Scipio and Q. Maximus. The Latin historian had read, and most probably transcribed, Polybius, their contemporary and friend. [[4]] While Carthage was in flames, Scipio repeated two lines of the Iliad, which express the destruction of Troy, acknowledging to Polybius, his friend and preceptor (Polyb. in Excerpt. de Virtut. et Vit. tom. ii. p. 1466-1465 [xxxix. 3]), that, while he recollected the vicissitudes of human affairs, he inwardly applied them to the future calamities of Rome (Appian. in Libycis, p. 136, edit. Toll. [Punica, c. 82]).

40. Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Late Antiquity See Main Page for a guide to all contents of all sections. Contents Late Antiquity;military Revolution and Government; The End of the roman empire in the West; http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/asbook10.html

Halsall Home Medieval Sourcebook Modern History Sourcebook Other History Sourcebooks: African East Asian Indian Islamic ... Rome Late Antiquity Christian Origins See Main Page for a guide to all contents of all sections. Contents Late Antiquity Military Revolution and Government The End of the Roman Empire in the West Late Ancient Philosophy Roman Stoicism Neoplatonism Roman Mystery Religions Demeter and Eleusis Cybele Isis Mithras End of Paganism Modern Perspectives on the End of Antiquity Catastrophe? Continuity? Late Antiquity See MEGA Late Antiquity in the Mediterranean [Website-ORB] See MEGA Byzantium: Byzantine Studies on the Internet [Website] See WEB Internet Medieval Sourcebook for this period WEB Visual Tour of Late Antiquity [Website-ORB] WEB Historical Atlas of Late Antiquity [Website] Back to Index Military Revolution and Government Diocletian (r.284-305 CE): Prices Edict , 301 CE in Latin [At Bib.Augustana] Diocletian (284-305 CE) and Constantine (308-337 CE): Efforts to Stabilize the Economy [This Site] Map: The Fourfold Division of the Empire [At Citrag] The Tetrarchs [At CCNY] Dio Cassius (c.155-235 CE):

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