21. Copernicus Education Gateway Originally, men's competition included swimming and running events, and did GriffinPublishing Group's Official olympic sports page For information straight http://www.edgate.com/summergames/inactive/spotlight_sport/gymnastics.html

Gymnastics To the ancient Greeks, physical fitness was paramount and all Greek cities had a "gymnasia," a courtyard for jumping, running, and wrestling. Over the years, gymnastics has undergone many changes. Originally, men's competition included swimming and running events, and did not acquire its present form until the 1924 Games in Paris. During the 1920s, women organized and participated in gymnastic events. The first women's Olympic competition was held at the 1928 Games in Amsterdam. Competition The Apparatus Rhythmic Gymnastics News, History, Fast Facts ... More Sports Competition Gymnastics competitions are divided into three parts. On the first two days, all gymnasts perform compulsory and optional exercises on each piece of equipment, referred to in gymnastics as "apparatus." Those scores determine the winners of the team event. The 36 gymnasts who achieve the highest combined individual scores move on to the individual all-around competition. Based on the combined scores from the team and the all-around, the top eight scorers on each apparatus advance to the finals.

22. THE RUNNING COLLECTION From The Sports Poster Warehouse - Jogging, Racing, Marat The running Collection, For posters of other great sports and athletes, click hereto return to our Home Page. Billy Mills Destiny 1964 olympic Gold Moment! http://www.puresportsart.com/warehouse/runningcoll.htm

The Running Collection Site Search Click on any image or title for a larger picture, details, and ordering links. For posters of other great sports and athletes, click here to return to our Home Page Billy Mills "Destiny" 1964 Olympic Gold Moment! Steve Prefontaine "The Gift" Steve Prefontaine "Guts" A Puresportsart.com Exclusive! "Believe" (Marathon) "Run for your Life..." "Sharing the Passion" A Puresportsart.com Exclusive! Marion Jones "Belief = Reality" Also Available: "Perseverance" (Hurdles) Michael Johnson "Building a Legend" Also Available: Maurice Greene "The Force of Nature" "Teamwork" Relay Action on the Track! "Challenge" "Commitment" "Triathlon Spirit" "Runner's Passion" A Puresportsart.com Exclusive! Also Available: "Success" (Sprinter) Suzy Favor Hamilton "Track Star" USOC Olympic Marathon '96 Back in stock! "Marathon Start" Also Available: "Accomplish" (Road Race) "Goals" (Finish Line) "Excellence" All images contained on this site are property of their respective rights holders, and may not be copied or reproduced without their expressed written consent.

23. HickokSports.com - History - Index To The Olympics Offers a detailed history of the games organized by year along with medal winners for each event.Category sports Events olympics...... Cricket; Croquet Roque; CrossCountry running; Cycling; Diving; Equestrian; Fencing; IOC)- History, profiles, current news, information on all the olympic sports; http://www.hickoksports.com/history/olympix.shtml

Sports History Alpha Index Index by Sport History Bits Forum ... Search Index to The Olympics History Medalists Sub-Topics Related Subjects ... Recommended Sites History The Ancient Olympics The 19th-Century Olympic Movement 1896: Athens, Greece 1900: Paris, France ... Top of Page History Biography Glossaries Calendar Quotations ... Directory Medalists Archery Badminton Baseball Basketball ... Top of Page Sub-Topics Olympic Swimming Records U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame Top of Page Related Subjects Amateurism Pan-American Games Winter Olympics Top of Page Other Resources Here Autographs Books about the Olympics Directory DVDs ... Top of Page Recommended Sites International Olympic Committee (IOC) - History, profiles, current news, information on all the Olympic sports Official site of the 2004 Athens Olympics Olympic Almanac - A lot of hard-to-find information, such as Olympic logos and mascots. Olympic Studies Centre - Includes a directory of Olympic research, forums, and many helpful links. U.S. Olympic Committee - An excellent site, easy to move around in and full of information on all Olympic sports. Top of Page HickokSports.com History

24. HickokSports.com - History - Index By Sport Soccer; InLine Skating; Intercollegiate sports (general). Top of Page J. JaiAlai; Jet Ski Boating; Jogging/running; Journalism. Jousting; Judo olympic Medalists. http://www.hickoksports.com/history/sprtindx.shtml

Sports History Alpha Index Index by Sport History Bits Forum Links Search Index by Sport Choose the first letter of the sport: A B C D ... Y History Biography Glossaries Calendar Quotations ... Directory A Acrobatics Aerobatics Aerobics Aikido ... All-America Teams Amateurism Archery History Index Arena Football Arm Wrestling Athletics; see Auto Racing History Index Top of Page B Badminton Ballooning Bandy Barefoot Water Skiing ... Barrel Jumping Baseball History Index Basketball History Index Baton Twirling Beach Volleyball Biathlon Bicycle Polo Bicycle Stunt Riding Bicycle Racing; see Cycling Billiards BMX Racing Boardsailing Boat Racing; see Powerboat Racing ; Sailing Bobsledding Bocce Bodybuilding Boomeranging Bowling History Index Boxball Boxing History Index Broomball Bullfighting Bungee Jumping Top of Page C Canadian Football Candlepin Bowling Canoe Polo Canoeing and Kayaking Cheerleading Climbing Coaching Cockfighting Collectibles College Sports (intercollegiate sports) Court Tennis Cricket Croquet Cross-Country Running Cross-Country Skiing Curling Cycling History Index Top of Page D Danball Darts Disabled Sports Discs; see Flying Discs; Frisbee

25. Sports - Waterloo/Cedar Falls Public Libraries running, Skiing Snowboarding, Soccer, Stock Car Racing. histories of all NorthAmerican sports, with lists of records, award winners, and olympic gold medalists http://www.wplwloo.lib.ia.us/sports.html

Waterloo/Cedar Falls Public Libraries Sports Waterloo Leisure Services Young Arena Iowa College Athletics Iowa High School Athletic Association ... Iowa Games Annual Summer Sports Festival Links to Specific Sports Baseball Basketball Bicycling BMX ... Boxing Links to Many Sports ABC Sports Online BallParks Histories and pictures of past and present ballparks, stadiums, and arenas. Emphasis on baseball, but also includes pro and college football, basketball, hockey, and golf. CBS.SportsLine.com CNN/SI from CNN and Sports Illustrated ESPN.com FansOnly: Total College Sports ... HickokSports.com (Includes "histories of all North American sports, with lists of champions, records, award winners, and Olympic gold medalists," "biographies of almost everybody who is, or was, anybody in North American and Olympic sports, with stats and records," "glossaries of words and phrases, organized by sport," "a calendar showing what happened in sports on every day of the year, with birthdates and death dates," trivia questions and an on-line trivia game, "quotes from sports figures and other folks talking about sports, some funny, some wise," and more!) MSNBC Sports Mysportsguru.com - Sports instruction, free lessons from sports gurus

26. Themes - AZ - Sports - Running Screen Savers sports running. This Site, Marion Jones Changing picturesof US olympic track and field star Marion Jones. http://freethemes.proxad.net/savers/running.html

27. Olympic Sports Overview Trampoline is one of two sports making their must master the disciplines of swimming,biking, and running. The Sydney course is the olympicformat distance a http://www.idiotsguides.com/Quick-Guides/MG_Olympic_Sports/file.htm

General Sports Outdoor Activities Share Your Experience Print ... Email a Friend Olympic Sports Overview Featured Competition: Modern Pentathlon Debut Sport: Trampoline Individual: Men Only Individual: Women Only ... Featured Competition: Rowing By Pamela Rice Hahn It's almost time for Olympic Fever. The kids will barely be back in school when from September 15 to October 1, 2000, most of us will be glued to our television sets, watching the games taking place in Sydney, Australia. The 2000 Summer Olympic Competition events fall within the following categories: Featured Competition: Modern Pentathlon Debut Sport: Trampoline Individual: Men Only Individual: Women Only Team Events: Men Only Team Events: Women Only Team Events: Men and Women Equestrian Debut Sport: Triathlon Featured Competition: Rowing Featured Competition: Modern Pentathlon This event isn't for slackers. It also helps if you're a morning person, too. Competition starts at 5:30 A.M. with a pistol shoot at a bull's-eye target 10 meters away. After that, there's the dueling and fencing for "first blood," where a single touch wins. Then it's on to the pool, where competitors swim a 200-meter sprint; stroke style is each competitor's choice. Without even taking time to dry off, competitors head to the equestrian arena where they each coax an unfamiliar horse around and over a course of fences. Then, after "resting" atop that horse for a bit, there's a final, two-mile cross-country run. The entire competition takes about 12 hours.

28. E-STREAMS Vol. 4, No. 1 - January 2001 olympic Committee, is part of a series focussing on several olympic sports. It providesfactual and summary information about running as a competitive sport http://www.e-streams.com/es0401/es0401_1077.htm

E-STREAMS Vol. 4, No. 1 - January 2001 Sports Medicine Running , edited by John A. Hawley. Malden, MA, Blackwell Science, 2000. 96p., illus., bibliog., index. (Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science). ISBN 0-632-05391-7 . $29.95. LC Call no.: RC1220.R8 2000. Subjects: Running-Physiological Aspects-Handbooks, Manuals, etc.; Running Injuries-Handbooks, Manuals, etc. Contributors: Louise M. Burke, John A. Hawley, Mario A. Lafortune, Henryk K. A. Lakomy, Brian McLean, Ronald J. Maughan, Timothy D. Noakes, Gordon A. Valiant. Reviewer: Steve Brantley, Resident Librarian, University of Illinois at Chicago Library, jbrant1@uic.edu Table of Contents: Physiology and Biochemistry of Sprinting 1 Physiology and Biochemistry of Middle Distance and Long Distance Running 14 Biomechanics of Running 28 Training Techniques for Successful Running Performance 44 Nutrition for Runners 58 Medical Considerations for Runners 72 Index 91 This short work, commissioned by the Medical division of the International Olympic Committee, is part of a series focussing on several Olympic sports. It is intended as an overview of the sport science relevant to sprinters, middle distance and long distance runners and includes chapters on physiology, biochemistry, biomechanics, training techniques, nutrition and injuries common to the novice and elite runner. It provides factual and summary information about running as a competitive sport historically and the state of the sport today. Each chapter is documented with a bibliography and suggestions for further reading. Unfortunately, the early chapters detailing physiology and biochemistry speak at a level difficult for the non-scientist to understand and have little relevance for the implied user.

29. Sports In Manchester - Athletics, Gymnastics, Running And Track Events Rossendale olympic Gymnastics Club Park Mill, Holcolmbe Road. Tel 01706228566.Seagull sports Acrobatic Club 36 Bryn Street, Ashton-in-Makerfield. http://www.manchester2002-uk.com/sports/others/athletics.html

Papillon Graphics' Virtual Encyclopaedia of Greater Manchester NAVIGATION Virtual Hosting by TheServerBank around Greater Manchester and in the Northwest Region City of Manchester Stadium Vernon Park Gymnastics Club Belle Vue Athletics Centre Kirkmanshulme Lane, Manchester M12. Tel : 0161-231 1507. Bolton Metro Olympic Gymnastics Club New House Farm Pavilion Holycroft Avenue, Bolton. Tel : 01204-366118. Crossford Bridge Sports Ground Meadows Road, Sale. Tel : 0161-969 2720. Flex Gym Clarendon Road, Irlam M44. Tel : 016-775 3002. Gorton Gymnastics Centre Hyde Road, Gorton, M18. Tel : 0161-223 5705. Charles Street, Leigh. Tel : 01942-673500. Manchester South Gymnastics Club Gymnastics Centre, Fenside Road, Manchester M22. Tel : 0161-491 0415. Market Street Athletics Track Market Street, Bury. Tel : 0161-763 1389.

30. New Olympic Sports For Women New olympic sports for Women. distances of the famous Ironman in Hawaii, the olympictriathlon course for 25 miles and finishes off with 6.2 miles of running. http://www.caaws.ca/olympics/2000/newspor/new_sports.htm

NEW SPORTS By Sport. Archery Badminton Basketball Canoe/Kayaking Cycling Diving Equestrian Fencing Gymnastics Judo Modern Pent. Paralympics Rowing Sailing Shooting Softball Swimming Table Tennis Tae Kwon Do Tennis Triathlon Trampoline Volleyball Water polo Weight Lifting Wheelchair Bball Windsurfing Wrestling Who has Qualified The Way to Sydney Olympic History New Sports ... Back to CAAWS New Olympic Sports for Women Hammer Throw Added to the 1900 Olympic Games in Paris, as an event for men only, it has taken a century for women to get the chance to throw the hammer too. The "hammer" is a nine-pound metal ball attached by wire to a triangular handle. The athlete stands inside a five-meter-diameter circle and can make as many as three turns before launching the hammer as far as she can. The athlete with the farthest throw wins the competition. Who to watch: Mihaela Melinte of Romania holds the world record with a throw of 249 feet 2 inches. Canadian qualifiers: No qualifiers yet. When to catch the event: 22 September - October 1, 2000

31. Running sportsAlmanac—sports—Women in sports 1932 Babe Didrikson Zaharias became theonly athlete, man or woman, to win an olympic medal in a running event (80 http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0768394.html

Almanac Sports Women in Sports Running Long-distance In 1966 Robin Gibb Bingay became the first woman ever to run in the famed Boston Marathon when she entered as a man. She wore a hooded sweatshirt to cover her face and hair. Unofficially she finished in 125th place out of approximately 500 entrants with a time of 3:21:25. In 1967 Kathrine Switzer also ran the Boston Marathon. Because it was still a male-only event, she registered as K. Switzer and ran the entire route with officials attempting to tear her number from her back. She estimated her time at just over four hours and 20 minutes. Her run created such a stir that the AAU, the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States, rallied to get the rules changed. In 1972, after a long and hard five-year battle, Switzer became one of nine women to run officially and legally in the Boston Marathon. Grete Waitz of Norway has won the New York City Marathon nine times, more than any other competitor. She won in 1978, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, and 1988. Fan-favorite Uta Pippig won three consecutive Boston Marathons from 1994 to 1996. She broke the course record in 1994 and still holds it to this day.

32. Boston Globe Online / Sports / Flanagan Takes Steps Toward Ah, if only crosscountry were an olympic sport. But that sort of running skill doesnot necessarily translate to the more congested world on the track ovals. http://www.boston.com/dailyglobe2/033/sports/Flanagan_takes_steps_toward_Olympic

33. Cool Running :: Olympic Champ To Head Men’s 3000m In Boston Meet Photos Also adidas Boston Indoor Games olympic champ to about cool running advertise race privacy Copyright © 19952002 Cool sports, Inc. http://www.coolrunning.com/engine/3/3_2/1038.shtml

Top News USA: Northeast USA: Mid_Atlantic USA: South ... Got news? Send us your news for inclusion on Cool Running. Free e-mail newsletter Running news, tips and links, delivered to your inbox twice a month. home news usa: northeast Olympic champ to head men’s 3000m in Boston Noah Ngeny of Kenya, who stunned Hicham el Guerrouj and the rest of world by winning a gold medal at 1500m in the 2000 Olympics, leads a strong men’s 3000m field at the adidas Boston Indoor Games. E-mail this article Printer-friendly page Posted Wednesday, 29 January, 2003 The meet begins at 5 p.m. Saturday, Feb. 1, at the Reggie Lewis Track and Athletic Center. Ngeny will go up against Paul Bitok of Kenya, 2-time Olympic silver medalist at 5000m, and local favorite Jonathon Riley of Brookline, MA, who will be making his indoor pro debut. To see the rest of the field, visit www.globalathletics.com/adidasgames2003 . For tickets or more information on the meet, see the website or call 617-536-7030. Ricky Smith offers special to adidas Boston Indoor Games ticketholders The adidas Boston Indoor Games is pleased to announce that its automobile sponsor, Ricky Smith Pontiac-GMC, has created a special pricing plan for fans who attend the meet. Anyone bringing an adidas Boston Indoor Games ticket stub to the dealership will receive $500 off of Ricky Smith's already-low price on the purchase of any new or pre-owned vehicle.

34. Sport And Recreation Site Map Injury Prevention Rugby Union. Injury Prevention - running related. InjuryPrevention - Snowboarding. olympic sports. olympic sports - Athletics. http://www.sport.vic.gov.au/dir017/srvsite.nsf/pages/srvsitemap?OpenDocument

35. Olympic Sports - Volleyball Fully equipped weights gymnasium and exercise areas. 3 swimming pools, saunaand spa. Adjacent running and cycling tracks. sports medicine clinic. http://www.sport.vic.gov.au/Web/SRV/srvsite.nsf/pages/wcs_melbsports_olympic_vol

36. American Running the Internet for information on olympic sports, winter sports statistics and results,and sports medicine 7762732, or write American running Association, 4405 http://www.americanrunning.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=30

37. On-Line Running Resources Links NBC olympics.com extensive coverage of all the olympic sports, including trackand field. Odyssey running - A running challenge where runners can choose a year http://www.runningtimes.com/links/online_links.htm

Articles Shoes Cities Guide Camps ... Home Running Times On-line Running Resources Links Active.com - On-line registration for a variety of events, including running, plus training information, calendar of events, and news. AllSportRunning.com - Calendar of events, on-line race registration, race results, etc. ArkansasRunner.com - Information on running in Arkansas, including a calendar, race results, chat room and message board. Asdeporte.com - Comprehensive site on running and triathlon in Mexico (in Spanish) . Includes calendar, results, and articles. Asimba.com - Training, coaching, nutrition information, logs, calendar information for a variety of sports, including running and triathlon. Athletes HI is a new print and on-line publication covering local swimming, biking, running and triathlon events. Athletesvillage.com - News, training, performance, nutrition, calendar information, etc. for a wide variety of sports Athletics Links - an assortment of running links, including athletes, track and field, distance running information, publications, etc.

38. NEWS ROOM which organized olympic sports in the US, and his kindred spirit has been likenedto that of the man for whom this honor is bestowed. They loved running and http://www.distancerunning.com/news/news_journalist.html

News Archives HALL ANNOUNCES 2003 NOMINEES Hall Of Fame Names Jeff Darman Its 2002 Lebow Award Recipient NATIONAL DISTANCE RUNNING HALL OF FAME INDUCTS 5TH CLASS You Are Invited To The National Distance Running Hall of Fame 2002 Induction Ceremony ... Bowerman Press Release NATIONAL DISTANCE RUNNING HALL OF FAME HONORS JOURNALIST, KENNY MOORE WITH GEORGE SHEEHAN AWARD J uly 10, 2001 (Utica, New York) The National Distance Running Hall of Fame annually honors a journalist who has captured the spirit of running and has helped to enhance the sport through words and stories. Kenny Moore, a 25-year veteran writer for Sports Illustrated, will be honored with the George Sheehan Award For Outstanding Journalistic Contributions the Stanley Performing Arts Center in Utica, New York.

39. PLCH - Kidspace - Fun & Games - Sports The Ancient olympics Compare ancient and modern olympic sports, tour the site of theselection of athletes, guides to the various olympic symbols, and running. http://plch.lib.oh.us/kidspace/fun.asp?category=21

40. Discontinued Olympic Sports DISCONTINUED olympic sports Discontinued sports. Mixed Pistol, Revolver, DuellingPistol, Automatic Pistol, Army Gun, FullBore Rifle, running Deer, Small-Bore http://www.topendsports.com/olympics/discontinued/list.htm

D I S C O N T I N U E D O L Y M P I C S P O R T S Discontinued sports EVENT PARTICIPATING YEARS Men's Track and Field: 60m dash 5 mile run 200m Hurdles Steeplechase 3000m Team run Cross Country (individual) Cross Country (team) Walking 10000m Walk Standing High Jump Standing Broad Jump Standing Hop, Step, Jump 16lb Shot Put (2 Hands) 56lb Weight Throw Discus (Greek style) Discus (2 Hands) Javelin (Freestyle) Javelin (2 Hands) Pentathlon Tug-of-War Archery: Various events Canoeing: Various events Cricket: Croquet: Cycling: Events to metric 1904 (440yrds/0ne-third mile/ 880yrd/one mile) 1906 (660yrd) Events discontinued 1908 (100km) 1896 (12hr race) Fencing: Sword and Sabre Field Handball: Golf: (Men's) Golf: (Women's) Gymnastics: Callisthenics Team (Swedish/Free Systems) Team (Horiz/Parallel Bars) Rope Climb Mixed Events 1924 (Side vault) 1932 (Tumbling) 1904, 1932 (Indian Club) Lacrosse: Motor Boating: Paume:(Like Tennis) Racquets: (Mens) Polo: Roque: (Like Croquet) Rowing: 1906 (man-of-war) 1912(inrigger fours) Rugby: Shooting: Mixed Pistol, Revolver, Duelling

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