81. Pacific Solar - The Australian Company Developing Affordable Solar Photovoltaic a collaborative R D Agreement, established within the International energy Agencywhich conducts projects on the application of solar photovoltaic electricity. http://www.pacificsolar.com.au/html/Links.html

Australian Business Council for Sustainable Energy The Sustainable Energy Industry Association (Aust) Ltd and the Australian EcoGeneration Association recently formalised their partnership to establish the Australian Business Council for Sustainable Energy (BCSE). Australian Greenhouse Office The Australian Greenhouse Office (AGO) was established as a separate agency within the environment portfolio to provide a whole of government approach to greenhouse matters. Australian Renewable Energy Website A site published by the AGO to promote the use of renewable energy and develop the Australian renewable energy industry. Australian Technology Showcase An initiative of the Australian government to promote Australia as a source of innovative technology and advanced skills.

82. Modular Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Homes Heating your house with Passive solar energy is Generating electricity with the PhotovoltaicCells is becoming energy Efficiency should always be a design goal http://www.solarhome.org/

Fully Independent Residential Solar Technology, Inc A not-for-profit organization How to heat and power an energy efficient home with the sun's rays. Heating your house with Passive Solar energy is much simpler than one might imagine. All it takes is understanding the house site, shape, orientation, window placement, and absorbtion/storage of the sun's radiant heat. Generating electricity with the Photovoltaic Cells is becoming more widespread with improved technology and reduced costs. Energy Efficiency should always be a design goal, as the cost of the heating and cooling investment as well as the operational expenses can be significantly reduced through the lessening of the energy demand of the household. Combining solar features into the design of a house results in an integrated solar home How does one find or build an integrated solar home FIRST, Inc. 66 Snydertown Rd. Hopewell, NJ 08525 lyle@solarhome.org If you have web page comments or suggestions, send us email at lyle@solarhome.org

83. Canadian Renewable Energy Network - Solaire photovoltaic Using photovoltaic energy in Remote Locations. solar Collectors.solar Detoxification. Passive solar energy Program. photovoltaic Program. http://www.canren.gc.ca/solar/index.asp

About Solar Energy Applications of Solar Heating Other Technologies that are Beneficial when using Solar Energy Passive Solar Energy ... Photovoltaic Program Date Published: 2000 03 09 Date Modified:

84. Solar Energy Activites From the solar energy page you can visit three additional pages which give moredetailed information about photovoltaic energy, solar Thermal energy, and http://www.eeexchange.org/solar/activities.html

SOLAR ENERGY ACTIVITIES solar energy chemical energy photovoltaics solar thermal ... resources Dear Teachers, Tucson Electric Power Company's Sunsite Funsite is a fantastic educational resource to incorporate in teaching solar energy in your classroom. This TEP sponsored website provides general solar energy information, graphic representations of physical processes, a thorough text version, a glossary, as well as associated websites and educational activities to use with your students. After entering beyond the Sunsite Funsite homepage, the educational portion of the site begins with the "Solar Energy" page which provides an overview of the topic. From the Solar Energy page you can visit three additional pages which give more detailed information about Photovoltaic Energy, Solar Thermal Energy, and Chemical Energy. There is an activity for the Solar Energy page and each of the three additional pages. These activities are provided below in a convenient portable document format (pdf) which enables them to be downloaded and printed so that they easily be distributed to your students. Pdf files must be viewed with

85. Energy Web Directory - Solar Energy LINKS Online PV Cost Estimator; Passive solar Design; Passive solar heating and daylightingfor small business owners; photovoltaic energy Current Awareness http://www.energy.ca.gov/links/solar.html

Energy Web Directory Solar Energy Organizations, groups, companies or individuals in ourlinks pages are for information only and are not an endorsement by theState of California or the California Energy Commission and itsmanagement or staff. For more information, please see our legal page . Pleaseinform us of any incorrect links, or if you would like to be consideredfor addition to the Index, send e-mail to boba@energy.ca.gov A1 Solar Energy ABRASO SL - Thermic Solar-Integrated System 150 Liters ABS Alaskan, Inc. - Provider of solar power products Akeena Network - PV consulting and implementation assistance Alameda International Electric Vehicle Expo 1998 - It's Electric,educational, exciting and entertaining family fun. Alpha Solar American Energy Conservation - Solar and energy conservation center American Solar Society Applied Power Corporation Arizona Solar Center Arizona State University - Photovoltaic Testing Laboratory (ASU-PTL) ASE Americas BargainSolar.com Big Frog Mountain Corp. (Renewable Energy Equipment) Borealis Photon Chips Bright Technology LLC (instrumentation for solar/renewables) BP Solar Inc (producers of photovoltaics) Building with Awareness calenergy.org

86. California's Renewable Energy Program California energy Commission's information site for Californians who now have the power to choose Category Science Technology energy Renewable...... fuel cell systems); solar Schools Program (Rebates for solar photovoltaic systemsat Source Disclosure Program (SB 1305) Public Interest energy Research (PIER http://www.energy.ca.gov/renewables/

Commission Homepage Proceedings SB 1038 Continuation of Renewable Energy Program (Docket: # 02-REN-1038) SB 1078 Renewables Portfolio Standard (Docket: # 03-RPS-1078) Renewable Energy Program Overview Documents and Forms Consumer Education Program Customer Credit Program ... REBATES (Rebates for solar, wind, fuel cell systems) Solar Schools Program (Rebates for solar electric systems at public schools) Existing Renewable Facilties Program New Renewable Resources Account (Auctions for new generation) Reports to the Legislature SB 1345 Program Related Links Geothermal Program Power Source Disclosure Program (SB 1305) Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program Renewable Energy Technologies Subject Area Renewable Energy Program California has supported renewable energy for decades. Following electricity industry deregulation in 1996, consumers were given the choice to buy their electricity from renewable energy sources (Customer Credit Program), or if they wanted to make their own electricity, the state would help pay for the system (Emerging Renewables Program). From this page, you can link to the state's programs and statistical info about them (links to the left). Using the links on the right, consumers can learn how they can sign up for these programs.

87. Solar Lights, Solar Photovoltaic, Solar Energy And Power, UPS comprising two individually controllable 11W CFL driven by electronics powered bya 12V 7AH SMF battery which is charged by a 10/12W solar photovoltaic panel. http://www.avinsolar.com/solight.htm

In remote areas where it is not possible to lay electrical power grid and in less developed countries, solar power/lights are proving a boon to the villagers. Quality of life is enhanced and with solar power available irrigation and watering of fields is assured as is the crop yield. With solar lights education, working and other activities can be carried well into the night. Details of solar lights are as follows : Sr. Description Operating Hours Solar Lantern 3-4 hours 12V/7 Ah Battery 7W CFL 12V/10Wp SPV Module Home Light 2 hours Advanced solid state Electronic package 11W x 2 light 6 V / 4 Ah Battery Home Light 3-4 hours Advanced solid state Electronic package 11W tubelight x 2 nos. 12 V / 7 Ah Battery Home Light 4-6 hours Advanced solid state Electronic package 11W tubelight x 2 nos.

88. Solar Photovoltaic Cell Project and the sun. Michael decides to try solar energy (the sun). Michaelpresents his idea to his science teacher. Together they come http://www.angelfire.com/nj2/solarenergy/

Watt's with Solar? Home General Info Procedures Intro Letters ... Mail Energy, in one form or another, is the core of our society, our culture, our lives, and our world. Without the light from the sun, our major source of energy, there would be no life on Earth. All life is dependent upon producers capturing the sun's energy and using it to convert water and carbon dioxide into simple sugars and oxygen. The food we eat and even the air we breathe, are all due to the energy of the sun. This collaborative project is designed to have middle school students examine how latitude effects the amount of power generated from a solar cell. Scenario This site/project was created by Paterson NJ teachers in conjunction with Last updated 1/19/00 URL: http://angelfire.com/nj2/solarenergy Project Coordinators This project has been developed by teachers from Paterson, New Jersey in conjunction with CIESE at Stevens Institute of Technology with support from

89. DOE Photovoltaic Energy Subject Portal New Releases - PHV Parabolic Trough solar Power Plant Simulation Model National Renewable energy LaboratoryInformation Resources of BuildingIntegrated photovoltaic Power Systems. http://phv.osti.gov/cgi-bin/genresults?nrphv.results

90. History Of Solar Photovoltaic Power And Solar Panels Advantages of photovoltaic Power. photovoltaic solar power is one ofthe most promising renewable energy sources in the world. Compared http://www.solarexpert.com/pvbasics2.html

History Of Solar Power The model for the fusion power plant, the sun, is a source of practically unlimited energy, most of which is wasted but nevertheless provides us with millions of kilowatts of power, keeps us warm, and grows all our food. To top it off, solar energy is safe, pollution-free energy on and in which living things have thrived since they first appeared on earth. Every day the sun showers Earth with several thousand times as much energy as we use. Even the small amount that strikes our roof is many times as much as all the energy that comes in through electric wires. With the sun straight overhead, a single acre of land receives some four thousand horsepower, about equivalent to a large railroad locomotive. In less than three days the solar energy reaching Earth more than matches the estimated total of all the fossil fuels on Earth! The logical question at this point is, Why are we not making use of this incredible bonanza in the form of solar energy? The answer, of course, is that we are using it, and have been from the beginning. All our energy-except nuclear- comes originally from the sun. A solar-powered radio draws on the sun directly, but a gasoline fueled automobile also uses solar energy-stored solar energy, in which the sunshine of ages ago was trapped in the earth until reclaimed by oil drillers. The challenge is to make use of solar energy directly and in a non-polluting fashion.

91. Solar Photovoltaic Electricity: Glossary theoretically annual (monthly, daily) available energy per kilowatt photovoltaic cellA basic photovoltaic device, which to a light such as the solar radiation http://www.oja-services.nl/iea-pvps/pv/glossary.htm

Glossary Alternating current (a.c.) : Electric current in which the direction of the flow is reversed at frequent intervals, 100 times per second in Europe (50 cycles per second) and 120 times per second in the USA. Opposite of a.c. is direct current (d.c.). Balance of systems (BOS) : The parts of the photovoltaic system other than the PV array: switches, controls, meters, power-conditioning equipment, supporting structure for the array and storage components, if any. The cost of land is sometimes included when comparing total system cost with the cost of other energy sources. Battery : For off-grid systems a battery is used to provide energy storage. Nearly all batteries used for PV systems are of the lead-acid type (with a small quantity of antimony to reduce self-discharge). Nickel-cadmium batteries are also suitable and have the advantage that they cannot be overcharged or discharged, but are considerably more expensive. All PV batteries are deep-cycle i.e. designed to be discharged down to 50% or more without damage so that they can supply power over a long period of time (in contrast to a car battery, for example, which is usually only discharged down to 3 to 5 %). The lifetime of a battery varies depending on factors such as how it is used, how it is maintained and charged, and temperature, but is typically between 5 and 10 years.

92. I D A E - SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC Facilities For Secondary Education Centres In The B EU guidelines, special emphasis is being placed on issues related to the harnessingof renewable energy sources and, in particular, photovoltaic solar energy. http://europa.eu.int/comm/energy/en/renewable/idae_site/deploy/prj062/prj062_1.h

help site map comments map of europe all Biogas Biomass Geothermal Liquid Bio-fuels RES Solar Photovoltaic Solar Thermal STH-SPV Wind all Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Portugal Spain Sweden United Kingdom Background Objectives / actions Results Financial resources Management ... Monitoring Regional RE Partnership SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC facilities for secondary education centres in the Basque Country Background In 1997, the Basque Government drew up its 3E-2005 Energy Strategy, which set out the general framework of action for Basque energy policy during the period 1996 - 2005. The plan is currently being modified with a view to defining energy strategies until the year 2010. Given its entire consonance with EU guidelines, special emphasis is being placed on issues related to the harnessing of renewable energy sources and, in particular, photovoltaic solar energy. In recent years, a number of factors have substantially altered the present and future situation of photovoltaic solar energy. These are the technological developments, a growing institutional support for the use of solar power and a general awareness of environmental policies on the energy field. For all of these reasons, the Basque public authorities, through its energy agency (EVE) and other bodies, are making a determined effort in the area of awareness, training, project financing and support for solar power. This process requires the involvement of public authorities and private agents (manufacturers, fitters, investors, etc.) if national and community energy targets are to be met.

93. Clean Energy Basics: Introduction To Photovoltaic (solar Cell) Systems When sunlight is absorbed by these materials, the solar energy knocks electrons light(photons) to electricity (voltage) is called the photovoltaic (PV) effect http://www.nrel.gov/clean_energy/photovoltaic.html

Solar cells also can be used to power outdoor lighting fixtures. Credit: Warren Gretz Introduction to photovoltaic (solar cell) systems Solar cells convert sunlight directly into electricity. Solar cells are often used to power calculators and watches. They are made of semiconducting materials similar to those used in computer chips. When sunlight is absorbed by these materials, the solar energy knocks electrons loose from their atoms, allowing the electrons to flow through the material to produce electricity. This process of converting light (photons) to electricity (voltage) is called the photovoltaic (PV) effect. Solar cells are typically combined into modules that hold about 40 cells; about 10 of these modules are mounted in PV arrays that can measure up to several meters on a side. These flat-plate PV arrays can be mounted at a fixed angle facing south, or they can be mounted on a tracking device that follows the sun, allowing them to capture the most sunlight over the course of a day. About 10 to 20 PV arrays can provide enough power for a household; for large electric utility or industrial applications, hundreds of arrays can be interconnected to form a single, large PV system. Thin film solar cells use layers of semiconductor materials only a few micrometers thick. Thin film technology has made it possible for solar cells to now double as rooftop shingles, roof tiles, building facades, or the glazing for skylights or atria. The solar cell version of items such as shingles offer the same protection and durability as ordinary asphalt shingles.

94. AU Solar Decathlon - Photovoltaic Energy power that can be extracted from a photovoltaic cell is W). Due to a number of factors,this energy conversion is on a sunny day for the silicon solar cells we http://www.eng.auburn.edu/organizations/solar_decathlon/photovoltaicenergy.html

PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY our home system solar systems Our home uses photovoltaic cells to convert sunlight directly into electrical energy. These solid-state semiconductors use a thin layer of silicon or other semiconductor material to convert the energy from the sun into an electric current. Silicon is one of a handful of materials that display the ability to capture the energy of the sun. The electrical power that can be extracted from a photovoltaic cell is proportional to its area and to the intensity of the sunlight that hits the area, and is measured in watts (W). Due to a number of factors, this energy conversion is not very efficient, usually in the range of 12% on a sunny day for the silicon solar cells we're using. Usually, PV cells are combined into panels that are then mounted in PV arrays. Visit the electrical systems section of this site to learn more about the design of the Photovoltaic system in our home.

95. SOLAR ENERGY photovoltaic cells were developed at Bell Labs in 1950 primarily initially for spaceapplications. The Hubbell telescope utilizes solar panels for its energy http://www.history.rochester.edu/class/solar/cells.htm

Photovoltaic Cells Photovoltaic (PV) cells are devices that convert sunlight to electricity, bypassing thermodynamic cycles and mechanical generators. PV stands for photo (light) and voltaic (electricity), whereby sunlight photons free electrons from common silicon. The phenomenon was first discovered in the 18th century. The photovoltaic cells were developed at Bell Labs in 1950 primarily initially for space applications. The Hubbell telescope utilizes solar panels for its energy requirements. Steckborn, Switzerland. First church in the world with with solar power The US Department of Energy during the Carter administration spent 500 million dollars developing this technology. Costs have dropped since then and currently, solar cells have proved to be cost effective. Other than space satellites, the photovoltaic cells are being used in rural health clinics for refrigeration, water pumps for irrigation and for small scale power generation. Switzerland. Solar power for agriculture Solar cell are also being used in developing countries. Solar panels can power a 17" b/w TV, a radio or a fan. Some electric lighting systems provide sufficient current for up to 10 hours of lightning each evening. Locally produced car batteries can provide up to 5 nights of energy for a 8 watt DC fluorescent light.

96. Solar Energy And Photovoltaics By RWE SCHOTT Solar Manufacturers PV modules in the 50 and 300 watt range. Includes useful resources and FAQs .Category Business energy and Environment photovoltaic Panels...... ASE photovoltaic Module Specifications, Where to Buy Our Products. Feature Articles,Projects Systems. Resources FAQs, News Releases. About RWE Schott solar, http://www.asepv.com/

ASE Americas , Inc. has been renamed to RWE Schott Solar, Inc. Read about it here! ASE Photovoltaic Module Specifications Where to Buy Our Products ... When buying PV, click here for the right questions to ask RWE Schott Solar offers thin-film and space cell technology. For more details visit the RWE Schott Solar Corporate website RWE Schott Solar, Inc 4 Suburban Park Drive Billerica, MA 01821-3980, USA sales@asepv.com RWE Schott Solar, Inc.. Webmaster

97. Authorized Distributor Of Solar Photovoltaic Modules, Solar Panels, Solar Array, solar energy. photovoltaic Modules Cells. Roof Shingles. solar Panels. solarcells capture the sun's energy. Electricity Electrical Electronics energy. http://www.oksolar.com/pv/

Clean, Renewable Energy – A Clear Investment for the Future Home Add Your Email To Receive News Contact Us Sales Oksolar.com Phone: Accessories Automation Batteries Battery Chargers ... Wind Hablamos Español Español Become a Partner Distributor of Solar Panels, Photovoltaic ... Modules, Solar Cells Panels typically generate about 10 watts per square foot on a clear day. You'll need about 10 square feet - or one typical photovoltaic module to generate enough power for a 100 watt light bulb. Most cities in the continental United States have about 5 hours of peak sunlight per day, averaged over the entire year. Sunny, southern locations have more, and cloudy northern locations have less. AstroPower BP Solar Solar Panels Shell ... Flexible Single Crystal Solar Cells Single Crystal Silicon Solar Cells Flexible Solar Cells You may need Adobe Acrobat Reader to open some files. You can get this application for free at Solar energy Roof Shingles Solar Panels Solar cells capture the sun's energy ... Electricity Electrical Electronics Energy OkSolar.com Serving The Industry Since 1988.

98. Oksolar - Manufacturer And Distributor Of Solar Energy Products, Solar Panels, P Provides assistance for projects with solar panels, inverters, system equipment pricing, design tools Category Business energy and Environment Renewable solar Electric......Oksolar manufacturer and distributor of solar energy products, solar panels,photovoltaic cells, Inverters, energy Generators, Portable solar Generators http://www.oksolar.com/

Clean, Renewable Energy – A Clear Investment for the Future Home Add Your Email To Receive News Contact Us Sales Oksolar.com Phone: Automation Communications DOT Traffic Electronics ... Security Hablamos Español Español Become a Partner Manufacturer and distributor of Electronic Components and Energy Products Ok News Update! Automation Communications Telemetry Highly automated communications process by which data are collected from instruments located at remote or inaccessible points and transmitted to receiving equipment for measurement, monitoring, display, and recording. More Information Water and Wastewater Treatment Application Overview: Many processes are controlled with Programmable Logic Controllers in water treatment facilities. This controllers demand high quality power in order to function properly. Voltage transients caused by lightning, transmitted by the electric utility from other sources, or from internal switching events, can cause either microprocessor upset or damage. Relying on clean power for any industrial application is risky especially when the public's health is at stake. Home Land Security HSL Series Hom eland Security Light Threat-level Status Indicator PLC compatible Molded-in gasketed lens and sound modules LED or steady incandescent lights source 24V DC or 120V AC Multiple-tone module in base Vibration resistant design Made in the USA More Information ...

99. Electrification Of Rural Areas Using Solar Photovoltaic Systems Electrification of Rural Areas Using solar photovoltaic Systems. Location, Kiribati.Responsible Organization, solar energy Company Ministry of Works and energy. http://www.sidsnet.org/successtories/40.html

Electrification of Rural Areas Using Solar Photovoltaic Systems Location Kiribati Responsible Organization Solar Energy Company Ministry of Works and Energy Description The choices for power generation in Kiribati are presently limited to imported fossil fuel and solar energy. Solar energy is an abundant source of energy readily available, but its use at the present stage of technological development is limited only to private use in rural areas where the average demand per household is less than 1 kWh. PV systems constitute a relatively simple and inexpensive means for providing the energy needed by rural inhabitants. Its main advantages are: The Government of Japan funded the installation of 55 solar PV systems in Kiribati in 1992. In 1994, 250 additional solar PV systems were installed, funded by the European Union. Users have to pay a fee, while the systems themselves are property of the electric company. Issues Addressed Energy resources (Chapter VII of the Barbados Programme of Action) Results Achieved Lessons Learned The use of solar energy for rural electrification can easily serve as a model for other countries with minor modifications to fit local conditions. The following factors have to be considered:

100. US DOE PV Program - About Photovoltaics photovoltaic (or PV) systems convert light energy into electricity. could literallymean lightelectricity. Most commonly known as solar cells, PV http://www.eren.doe.gov/pv/aboutpv.html

About Photovoltaics Photovoltaic (or PV) systems convert light energy into electricity. The term "photo" is a stem from the Greek "phos," which means "light." "Volt" is named for Alessandro Volta (1745-1827), a pioneer in the study of electricity. "Photo-voltaics," then, could literally mean "light-electricity." Most commonly known as "solar cells," PV systems are already an important part of our lives. The simplest systems power many of the small calculators and wrist watches we use every day. More complicated systems provide electricity for pumping water, powering communications equipment, and even lighting our homes and running our appliances. In a surprising number of cases, PV power is the cheapest form of electricity for performing these tasks. Here, we describe the PV effect that allows various materials to produce electricity from sunlight; show how PV cells, modules, and arrays are made; explain why PV is the most logical power choice in many different cases; and provide real examples of how this science is improving the lives of people all over the world!

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