81. The Civil War In Tajikistan - Kamoloudin Abdoullaev The fundamental challenge facing tajikistan is localism (mahalgara'i in Tajik). Allattempts to develop the economy and culture in my country are undermined by http://www.toda.org/publications/peace_policy/p_p_s98/abdoulaev.html

THE CIVIL WAR IN TAJIKISTAN by Kamoloudin Abdoullaev Professor of History, Tajikistan State University One need see only the surface of events to know that Tajikistan is a country in turmoil. Rather than look at the outlines of the civil war in Tajikistan, this article will analyze the background to the conflict and will try to explain the rise of localism and ethnonationalism and the nature of their impact on the prospects for resolution of the conflict. Background One hundred years ago, as a result of the Anglo-Russian rivalry known as "The Great Game," a gigantic strategic barrier was established from the Pacific Ocean to the Caspian Sea, that is, from Manchuria to Mongolia to Xinjiang to Afghanistan to Russian Central Asia. This region includes both dependent and independent countries, multiethnic nation-states, and empires, and mixture of beliefs (Islam, Buddhism, Confucianism, Christianity, shamanism) and peoples (Iranians, Turks, Hans, Mongols, and others). The diversity is such that the region came to be known as a new center of gravity in the world, a whirlpool in which met political currents flowing from China, Russia, India, and the Middle East (Lattimore 1950:3). In the western reaches of this center of gravity, in the southeastern part of Central Asia, lies Tajikistan. When in the second half of the 19th century Central Asia was drawn into political and economic dependence on Russia, the victor in the competition for the region began elaborating a Eurocentric approach to international affairs in that part of the world. The southern frontier of Central Asia-the current Tajik-Afghan border-was treated as the boundary between the capitalist empire and its semifeudal counterpart. Eurocentrism thus emerged as the justification for European (Russian) sovereignty over the region.

82. Magazine - 18-01-2003 - Radio Prague tajikistan What place does tajikistan have in Czech culture? It presents examplesof Tajik literature alongside Czech works on tajikistan and its culture. http://www.radio.cz/en/article/36525

Radio Prague - the international service of Czech Radio Text only version 12-4-2003, 00:34 UTC News Previous Archive Daily news sent to you by e-mail ... Witness Events and Projects Czechs in London The Czech Republic and Iraq President Havel: the end of an era Vaclav Havel ... Archive About Radio Prague Radio Prague listeners' competition 2003 How to listen to RP Confirmation of Reception Staff ... Results of the Radio Prague Competition About the Czech Republic The Czech Republic in dates History in a nutshell The Czech Republic through Children's Eyes Virtual Cemetery ... Heart of Europe Magazine Useful Information Czech Centres Residence Permits Czech Links Magazine Archive The show that starts where the news ends - we bring you the stories you might otherwise have missed. By Dean Vuletic Listen 16kb/s 32kb/s Coming up, we have a story on the somewhat unexpected cultural relations between the Czech Republic and Tajikistan. But first, as we mark the thirty fourth anniversary of the death of Jan Palach, we'll look at a newly released film on that tragic time in 1969. Jan 69 On 19 January 1969, Jan Palach died in a Prague hospital from burns sustained when he set himself alight on Wenceslas Square three days earlier. It was a silent and desperate protest against the Soviet occupation of Czechoslovakia that had begun five months before, and against the Czechoslovak authorities' acceptance of the occupation.

83. THE STRUGGLE FOR IDENTITY IN POST-SOVIET TAJIKISTAN what one might call “greater Iranian” culture. The question of how far and howdeep these ties go is one of the most burning cultural issues in tajikistan. http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/1999/issue4/jv3n4a7.html

84. Central Asia Travel, Central Asia Tourism, Tajikistan, Tadjikistan, Dushanbe, Ky http//www.eurasianet.org/resource/tajikistan/ tajikistan Resource Links = HumanRights Local Press - Maps, stats, and info - Arts and culture - The Academy http://www.budgettravel.com/central-asia.htm

Search Countries Messages Site Map ... Home Travel Information for Everyone Central Asia Travel Kazakhstan - Kyrgyzstan - Tajikistan - Turkmenistan - Uzbekistan Kazakstan - Tadjikistan Ašchabad - Toshkent - Taskent - Tashkent - CIS - Silk Road - Dushanbe - Bishkek - Almaty - Ashgabat - Bukhara - Samarkand - - Formerly Southern Russia - 5 countries - Central Asia travel and Central Asia tourist information is for traveler's finding the most complete Central Asia travel information on the web - such as Central Asia hotels, Central Asia visas, Central Asia maps and Central Asia weather - Everything you want to know about traveling to Central Asia - and more - the Capitals are Tajikistan / Dushanbe Kyrgyzsstan / Bishkek - Uzbekistan / Tashkent - Kazakhstan / Almaty - Turkmenistan / Ashgabat - Travel Vacations/Package s Travel Insurance Air Fares ... Car Rentals Individual Countries Travel Information - Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Tukmenistan ... Uzbekistan Related Travel Information: Central Asia Vacation Rentals/Holiday apartments Hiking Central Asia Cycling Central Asia Camp in Central Asia ... Work in Central Asia Uzbekistan - Kazakhstan) Related Travel Destinations: South Pacific Southeast Asia Africa Europe ... 400+ Worldwide Travel Destinations The order of information on this web page: 1. Central Asia General Information Web Sites -

85. Central Asian Culture 1999 1200; F, 115200 SYLLABUS Central Asian culture CAS 3531 newly emerging nationsof Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and tajikistan, and the http://www.iles.umn.edu/faculty/bashiri/Courses/Syllcult.html

Bashiri 162 Klaeber Telephone: 624-3314 Office hours: M, 11:15-12:00; F, 1:15-2:00 SYLLABUS Central Asian Culture CAS 3531; MELC 3531 Conceptual Frame: This course focuses on the cultural identity, ethnicity, and ideology of the emerging nations of Central Asia. Cultural events covered include the rise and fall of the Turkish and Mongol dynasties in their Islamic context, development of the tribal societies of Westasia into the newly emerging nations of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, and the interaction of the newly formed republics with Turkey, Iran, Russia, and the United States. Objectives: Acquaint students with cultures other than their own. Study the contributions of Turko-Mongol peoples to world civilization Examine the reasons why the West should remain interested in the region Discuss the basic tenets of Islam and Communism Study the positive and negative aspects of the Sovietization process Become acquainted with Central Asian republics individually and as a group September 8. Introduction to the course; course content, materials to be covered;

86. THE IRANIAN: History, Iranian Culture In Central Asia, Matteo Compareti is an historical region of Central Asia currently comprised of Southern Uzbekistanand Western tajikistan. Her population was Iranian in culture and language http://www.iranian.com/History/2001/July/Sogdiana/

History Write for The Iranian Editorial policy Sogdiana Iranian culture in Central Asia By Matteo Compareti July 24, 2001 The Iranian Sogdiana is an historical region of Central Asia currently comprised of Southern Uzbekistan and Western Tajikistan. Her population was Iranian in culture and language even if many aspects still remain enigmatic. The existence of such a population has been known for a long time, thanks mainly to Chinese sources. But in the beginning of the 20th century some European archaeological missions in Chinese Turkestan (today Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Province) recovered documents in Sogdian language. Other documents were discovered in proper Sogdiana at the archaeological sites excavated in the Soviet period and inscriptions appeared along the routes of the so-called Silk Road. Then, scholars realized that three dialects directly linked to ancient Sogdian were still spoken along the Yagnobi River, in Tajikistan. Click image Sogdiana entered history with the conquest of the region by Persian armies of the Achaemenid Dynasty (559-330 B.C.). The inscription of the Emperor Darius I (522-486 B.C.) at Bihisutun (dated 6th century B.C.) counts Sogdians among the subjects of the kingdom. Sogdiana comprised Khorasmia, Parthia and Aria in the 16th Imperial Satrapy. Click image But in the period c between 563-568 A.D. an alliance between the Persian Emperor Khosrow I (531-579) and the Qaghan of the Western Turks Istemi (circa 553-576) completely destroyed the Hephtalite kingdom. The two allies shared the dominions of the common enemy the Sasanids took Bactria and the Turks gained Sogdiana.

87. Tajikistan Central Asia Please remember that this area of the world is very volatile and many websites will change or become "dormant" at times , so please check back if a particlular link is down. Thank You Historical Backgrounds/Time Lines http://www.soros.org/tajkstan.html

Eurasia Insight Analysis of current affairs Deals, Developments, and Trends Environment Hazards and Solutions Expert and Observer Interviews Culture News, Book Reviews, and Photo Essays Human Rights Monitoring and Actions Recaps Summaries of Expert Meetings Election Watch Results and Analysis Discussion Forums East of Magnum An Online Photo Exhibition EurasiaNet Partners Contributing Sites Grants and Employment Opportunities in Central Eurasia Search EurasiaNet Eurasia Policy Forum Drug Policy, HIV/AIDS and the Public Health Crisis in Central Asia Caspian Revenue Watch EURASIANET The page you are looking for has moved. The Central Eurasia Project's new Tajikistan Resource Page can be found at http://www.eurasianet.org/resource/tajikistan/ In 10 seconds, you will be redirected to the new page. Please update your bookmarks.

88. Somoni.Com - Catalog Of Tajikistan Resources On The Net Catalog of tajikistan Resources on the Net, v2.0. In our site you can search yourfriends and fellowcountrymans from tajikistan and other country ex-USSR. http://www.somoni.com/dir.php?viewCat=12

89. News.Somoni.Com - Latest News From Tajikistan News.Somoni.Com Latest news from tajikistan. Asia Plus. OTHER NEWS.ACCELS launches in tajikistan educational programs for 2003-2004. http://news.somoni.com/bycat.php?viewCat=9

90. Listings Of The World Regional Asia Tajikistan Society And Central Asian Organizations Post Review A list of organizations in tajikistan. Related.Science/Social_Sciences/Archaeology/Regional/Asia/tajikistan (2). http://listingsworld.com/Regional/Asia/Tajikistan/Society_and_Culture/

91. CSEEES - Tajikistan Interactive Central Asia Resource Project (ICARP) tajikistan links for sites onculture, environment, maps and flags, politics, economics, travel and more. http://www.duke.edu/web/CSEEES/tajik.html

main page About the CSEEES Undergraduate Slavic Studies Graduate Slavic Studies ... Slovenia Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Yugoslavia click here to see Tajikistan's flag click here to see a map of Tajikistan full name: Republic of Tajikistan local name: Jumhurii Tojikistan languages: Tajik, Russian currency: the Tajikistani ruble (TJR) = 100 tanga independence: 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union) total area: 143,100 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Wisconsin borders: Afghanistan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan population: 6,020,095 (July 1998) life expectancy: male 61.35 years, female 67.77 years general travel language history ... The Tajikistan Update daily news and lots of links to other sites with news, maps, articles, cultural information, photos and much more Tajikistan Resource Page links for sites on history, culture, the environment, travel, business, human rights, media and more Interactive Central Asia Resource Project (ICARP) - Tajikistan links for sites on culture, environment, maps and flags, politics, economics, travel and more Tajikistan - A Country Study The Library of Congress page, full of historical, societal, economic and political information

92. Central Europe Review Articles, analyses, book reviews, bookstore, e-books store and links in this weekly e-zine.Category Regional Europe Central and Eastern Europe Resources...... Book Shop The Rise and Fall of the Brezhnev Doctrine by Matthew J. Ouimet price$21.95 Music Music from tajikistan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia http://www.ce-review.org/

93. Národní Knihovna Èeské Republiky A Èesko Society. organize the exhibition. tajikistan and Its Place in CzechCulture and Science. Author of the Exhibition. Jiøí Beèka. 16th http://www.nkp.cz/PublicRel/vystavy/tadzik/tadzik_a.htm

National Library of the Czech Republic and the Czech-Iranian Society organize the exhibition Tajikistan and Its Place in Czech Culture and Science Author of the Exhibition Jiøí Beèka Groundfloor of the Clementinum The exhibition only briefly presents ancient roots and their influence on European science and culture. The works of Central Asian scholars, such as Abú Alí ibn Síná (Avicenna), Al-Farghání and others, were substatial sources for medicine, astronomy, mathematics and philosophy also in the Czech Lands. The exhibition is focused on a later period. It shows how the Czechs began to become acquainted with the Tajik literature especially in the 20th century and it reminds the work of the great scholar Jan Rypka and his pupils, whose work Dìjiny perské a tád¾ické literatury (History of Persian and Tajik Literature) meant in 1960´s and 1970´s a qualitative progress in the field of Oriental studies. It was translated into many languages, and two times even into Persian, especially the part concerning the Tajik literature. The exhibition demonstrates mutual success in the field of literary science. A visitor has an opportunity to become acquainted, on the one hand, with some importatnt modern works in their Czech translations, and on the other hand, with the facts of how the Tajiks became familiar with the Czech literature and culture. An important role in mutual relations is played by the Czech-Iranian Society, chaired by

94. India's Foreign Relations - Tajikistan - was established with the Soviet Union in various fields of politics, economics andculture. With the attainment of political stability in tajikistan after the http://www.meadev.nic.in/foreign/tajikistan.htm

T A J I K I S T A N India-Tajikistan Bilateral Relations Indo-Tajik relations are as old as the silk-route and contacts between the peoples of our two countries go back centuries. These informal ties were further strengthened during the Soviet era, when concrete co-operation was established with the Soviet Union in various fields of politics, economics and culture. With the attainment of political stability in Tajikistan after the civil war, these different facets of bilateral relations can now be more sharply focused, for the development and continuation of a wholesome and lasting friendly relationship between India and Tajikistan. During the difficult years of Tajikistan’s independence, a certain convergence of strategic interests with India is evident. Feeling vulnerable from its southern neighbours on account of fundamentalism, terrorism, drug-trafficking as well as criminal links, it finds, in India, a natural partner in its quest to develop a secular, pluralistic and democratic polity. Given its difficult economic situation in the aftermath of the civil war, it is also seeking to build an extensive economic relationship with India. In fact, these economic constraints are a handicap to be overcome so that we maintain a noticeable presence in a country where our vital strategic interests are involved.

95. Arts And Culture Network Program with Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistanand Uzbekistan Asia, the Caucasus countries and Mongolia in culture, arts and http://www.concept.ro/acnp_en.php

Contact Site map Help Search ... NEWS PROGRAMS Translation series Play Against Violence Centers for Continuous Education Books in Print Apr 12 2003 3:31 ARTS AND CULTURE NETWORK PROGRAM is a network initiative of the national foundations created and funded by George Soros. Arts and Culture Network Program Components: CULTURAL LINK Program Component Cooperation, Program Exchange, and Network Building This program component will enable professionals in the region to cooperate, exchange and develop art and culture projects which: The Cultural Link program component will support only projects, which are multidimensional. Artistic exchange without some of the elements above will not be eligible for support. Emphasis will be put on complex events with workshops, seminars, training, etc., which have the potential to contribute to structural change (promoting the independent sector, network building, self-sustainability). Special attention will be given to projects initiated outside of the capital cities (to promote decentralization) and which are developed in sub-regions such as the Caucasus, Central Asia, the Balkans, etc.

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