41. CNN - El Niño May Weaken Spring Tornadoes - March 16, 1998 CNN.com http://www.cnn.com/WEATHER/9803/16/tornado/

COMMUNITY Message Boards Chat Feedback SITE SOURCES Contents Help! Search CNN Networks SPECIALS Quick News Almanac Video Vault News Quiz S P E C I A L By Environmental News Network staff William Monfredo, who has been busy studying 40 years of accumulated weather data, is predicting a decrease in the frequency of strong and violent 1998 season tornadoes those rated 2-5 on the Fujita scale for the central United States. The national tornado season is February-July and usually peaks in the spring. Monfredo obtained much of his data from weather balloon recordings. After analyzing the information with a statistical model, he determined that wind speed and direction were inconsequential factors. "Cap strength" is another matter, however. "The stronger the cap, the longer it takes for building clouds to break through into the upper atmosphere," he explained. "The resulting storms and tornadoes traditionally are more violent than usual." Related ENN Stories: Twister's tornado sensor may become reality Tornado chasers return to the field Related sites: National Weather Service ENN El Nino Special Report Strange Brew Fire and Rain ... Sound off on our A Time Warner Company Terms under which this service is provided to you.

42. Tornadoes Fact Sheet All About tornadoes .. What is a tornado? In an average year, 800 tornadoesare reported nationwide, resulting in 80 deaths and over 1,500 injuries. http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/torn.htm

All About Tornadoes...... What is a tornado? A tornado is a violent rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground.The most violent tornadoes can produce massive destsruction with wind speeds of 250 mph or more. Damage paths can be more than 1 mile wide and 50 miles wide. The typical tornado moves from southwest to northeast, but they have been known to move in any direction. The average forward speed of a tornado is 30 mph but it may vary from stationary to 70mph. Although tornadoes occur in many parts of the world, they are found most frequently in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains during the spring and summer months. In an average year, 800 tornadoes are reported nationwide, resulting in 80 deaths and over 1,500 injuries. How do tornadoes form? Before thunderstorms develop, a change in wind direction along with an increase of wind speed with increasing height creates an invisible, horizontal spinning effect in the lower atmosphere. Rising air within the thunderstorm updraft tilts the rotating air from horizontal to vertical. The area of rotation, 2-6 miles wide, now extends through much of the storm. This rotating column of air, known as a funnel extends from the cloud and grows downward toward the ground. Once the funnel touches the ground is becomes a tornado. Since the center of the funnel is a low pressure area, air rushes into the column and rises. The air is cooled as it rises and water vapor condenses to form the familiar funnel shaped cloud. As the rotating winds begin to pick up dirt and debris from the ground, the funnel will darken. The strongest tornadoes occur in supercell thunderstorms which can also produce large hail and strong downbursts.

43. Martin Lisius, President President and Photographer Martin Lisius capturing tornadoes, lightning, and other storm images on motion picture film and video. http://www.tempesttours.com/martin_lisius.html

Tempest Tours SCE Martin Lisius, President Martin Lisius began his storm chase career in the mid-1980's. He is founder of Prairie Pictures , a film and video production company and StormStock , the world's premier storm footage library. In addition, Martin founded and chairs the Texas Severe Storms Association (TESSA), a national non-profit dedicated to severe weather education. Martin produced, directed and wrote several television programs relating to severe weather including "Chasing the Wind" (1991), "Beneath Stormy Skies" (1994), and "The Chasers of Tornado Alley" (1995). He directed, co-produced and co-wrote "StormWatch" for the National Weather Service, which employs it nationwide as their official storm spotter training video. And, he photographed the first-ever violent class tornado on 35 mm motion picture film on May 30, 1998 in Spencer, South Dakota. In 1999, Martin teamed with Chevy Trucks to help create their "Storm Chaser" commercial for S-10 pickups. Member of the legendary "Spencer 4." Top Intercepts Red Rock, OK, April 26, 1991, large tornado (F5).

44. Allstate.com - Tips On Disaster Preparations And Information From The Allstate C Allstate Insurance disaster and catastrophe preparation and recovery. Safety tips, online claim reporting for damage from hurricanes, tornadoes, hail, wind, lightning, freeze, earthquakes, and wildfires. http://www.allstate.com/catastrophe/prepare.html

BuildHeaderHtml(BTTN_TOOLS, true); High Winds, Large Hail and Lightning Strikes damage homes and vehicles in Texas. Late Winter Storm in New York results in widespread damages. Wind, Hail and Lightning causes property and vehicle damages in South Central U.S. PLEASE SELECT Buying a Car Buying a House Improving Your Home Need Catastrophe Information Planning Your Finances Catastrophe Information Center Earthquake Flood Hail Hurricane ... Volcano var gsCurDateYYYY="2003";

45. Tornadoes Of Wisconsin A photo and essay guide to some of the more interesting tornadoesin Wisconsin over the past 100 years. Current chase and tornado http://www.wx-fx.com/tornado.htm

A photo and essay guide to some of the more interesting tornadoes in Wisconsin over the past 100 years Current chase and tornado information appears on the chase page. All F-scale ratings and statistics are taken from "Significant Tornadoes" About the Fujita Scale . What does it really mean? Tornado myths: fact or fiction? A map showing the location of each event Viroqua June 28th, 1865 F4? One of the earliest tornadoes recorded in Wisconsin history killed 22 people on a hot summer afternoon. New Richmond June 12th, 1899 F5 The worst tornado disaster in Wisconsin history, this storm virtually leveled New Richmond on the day the circus came to town. Rock County November 11th, 1911 F4 Part of a late season outbreak that produced at least nine significant tornadoes in the upper Midwest. Lone Rock May 21st, 1918 F4 A four day outbreak of severe weather across the Midwest produces 34 significant tornadoes and ends in Lone Rock. 1924 Outbreak September 21st, 1924 Various Berlin April 3rd, 1956 F4 Part of a widespread severe weather outbreak that produced at least 33 significant tornadoes from Oklahoma to Michigan, killing 214 people. This

46. Taylorville Lady Tornadoes Girls high school basketball from Illinois. http://chipsnet.com/ladytornadoes

47. Tornadoes Theme Page From Jim Cornish, this site is for P and E students/teachers and lists Web resourceson tornadoes. Elementary Theme Pages tornadoes, Featured in March /02. http://www.stemnet.nf.ca/CITE/tornado1.htm

Elementary Theme Pages Tornadoes Featured in March /02 Main Elementary Themes Page What Are Tornadoes? How Are Tornadoes Measured? Tornado Alley ... Jim Cornish, Grade Five Teacher, Gander, Newfoundland, Canada. This page was last updated on February 2002. You have made the visit to my Theme Pages!

48. Welcome To The Tornado And Storm Research Organisation Independent and privately supported research body in the United Kingdom focusing on tornadoes and Category Science Earth Sciences Weather Phenomena tornadoes...... Book early to ensure a place(s) click here. tornadoes, RESEARCH, OTHER SEVEREWEATHER. Tornado and Storm Research Organisation. Head of TORRO Prof. http://www.torro.org.uk/

www.torro.org.uk About TORRO What is TORRO Brief History TORRO Staff TORRO Divisions ... Media Information TORRO News TORRO Meetings TORRO Newsletter Research Thunderstorms Whirlwinds Classifications Irish Whirlwinds Lightning Impacts Ball Lightning Hailstorms Coastal Storms Heavy Snowfalls Windstorms Remarkable Sh. World Wx Disasters Health and Weather Site Investigations Forecasting Warnings Severe Weather Severe WX Events Weather Extremes Tornado Scale Hail Scale Tornado FAQ's Join Torro Membership How to join Mailing List Merchandise Publications Journal of Meteorology Convection Other Publications Related Links Meteorology BSWC Gallery Contact TORRO Contact Details Webmaster Tornado and Storm Research Organisation .:Welcome to the Tornado and Storm Research Organisation:. .:Head Office: Oxford Brookes University:. Latest TORRO News:. New: TORRO 2003 Merchandise has arrived......

49. Tornadoes - Australian Tornadoes. Australia Severe Weather Photographs Of Tornad Pictures of Australian tornadoes and links to reports.Category Science Earth Sciences Weather Phenomena tornadoes......Australian tornadoes. Australia Severe Weather photographs of tornadoes,waterspouts and funnels as well as supercells. by Michael http://australiasevereweather.com/tornado.htm

Tornadoes Observing tornadoes, dust devils, whirl winds, water spouts and land spouts An overview of tornadoes and thunderstorms Bryan Patrick These tornadoes were spawned by a cyclic supercell in the United States on the 29th May 2001. It produced 5 tornadoes including a large one probably with an intensity reaching at least F3 probably F4 (although this may be difficult to confirm). See Chase in Tornado Alley 2001 - Special Report: Episode 2 A large landspout type tornado NW of McLeans Ridges on 29th January 2001. Report: TORNADO Sighted in NE NSW A tornado and wall cloud NE of Casino on 5th November 2000. The storm went on to cause considerable damage at Nimbin. Report: North Coast Severe Storm Chase and Tornadoes Tornado 22nd November 1999, SE Qld. Full story of the chase and event Southeast Queensland Severe Storm Outbreak: 22nd November 1999 by Jimmy Deguara Check out the video of this: Tornadic dust whirls and the whole excitement captured on video (4.16mb) Although this last photo indicates something like a wall cloud area and inflow band, it was in between this and the precipitation core where the funnel and dust whirls occurred a few minutes after this photo. here are the slides of the dust whirls...

50. NWS Norman, Oklahoma - The Red River Valley Tornadoes Of April 10, 1979 History references with casualty and property loss table. Includes links to the National Weather Service in Oklahoma. http://www.srh.noaa.gov/oun/storms/19790410/disaster.html

The Red River Valley Tornadoes of April 10, 1979 The following text comes from Chapter I of the NOAA Natural Disaster Report 80-1, "The Red River Valley Tornadoes of April 10, 1979." "To the people of the Red River Valley in Texas and Oklahoma, nothing about the weather appeared unusual during the early hours of April 10, 1979: it was business as usual. But before the day's end, three very large, devastating tornadoes swept across the area leaving scores dead and hundreds injured. Most of the deaths were in Wichita Falls and Vernon, Texas, and Lawton, Oklahoma." "Early on April 10, NWS forecasters became aware of the threat of severe weather. During the morning, closely monitored air mass movements, temperatures, dew points, and winds had all been shifting towards critical values indicative of severe thunderstorms and potential tornadoes. By noon, all doubt was gone. Forecasters at the National Severe Storms Forecast Center in Kansas City had to decide only how soon tornadoes would develop and how large an area would be threatened. Tornado Watch #67 was issued at 1:55 p.m. Central Standard Time (CST)

51. Weather Watch: Tornadoes Scholastic. Teacher Home Teachers. Teacher Resource Center Online ActivitiesCenter Book Clubs and Software Clubs Book Fairs Product Info Teacher Store. http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/wwatch/tornado/

Extreme Weather Research Starter Jump-start your research paper with our Extreme Weather Research Starter! Scholastic Weather Reporters These seasonal classroom experiments let you get your hands-on weather! Teacher Resource Center Online Activities Center Book Fairs Product Info ... Teacher Store Read our

52. NWS StormReady Program Offers safety tips for tornadoes, flash floods, hurricanes, lightning. http://www.nws.noaa.gov/stormready/

www.nws.noaa.gov Site Map News Organization Search StormReady Home Communities How To Apply TsunamiReady ... Contact Us When Seconds Count, StormReady Communities are Prepared - Community/County Counter: Huntsville, AL, First Completely StormReady County Warning Area ! StormReady communities are better prepared to save lives from the onslaught of severe weather through better planning, education, and awareness. No community is storm proof, but StormReady can help communities save lives. Does StormReady make a difference? See how it saved more than 50 movie goers in Ohio. Find out more by selecting one of the links to the left or on the bottom of this page. March 2003: Portage, MI: from left, Police Chief Rick White, Portage, Assistant City Manager Devin MacKinder, Deputy Fire Chief and Emergency Manager Robert Hudson, and WFO Grand Rapids MIC Dan Houser. March 2003: Chattanooga, TN

53. Weather: Tornadoes tornadoes. Q How are tornadoes formed? A tornadoes are generallyformed in a thunderstorm. (Al Peterlin). Q How do tornadoes end? http://teacher.scholastic.com/researchtools/articlearchives/weather/tornado.htm

Weather The following questions were answered by meteorologists Barbara McNaught Watson and Al Peterlin. Tornadoes Q: How are tornadoes formed? A: Tornadoes are generally formed in a thunderstorm. Thundershowers this violent require a complex mix of environmental conditions but usually include: a) very warm, humid air, b) very cool, dry air to the west and south, c) air to the west trying to replace the warm, moist air (a front moving in), c) upper level (high in the sky) conditions that first hold down warmer air from rising and then later, a complete reverse in conditions that let the warm air rise very fast and very far, and d) an upper level wind stream to move the air away from the rising column. This sounds complicated, but it really boils down to warm, wet air driven east by a strong cold front and what we call instability. (Al Peterlin) Q: What does the funnel of a tornado look like? A: A tornado is a rotating column of air that reaches from a thunderstorm cloud to the ground. If it doesn't reach the ground, it's called a funnel cloud because it's shaped like a funnel. The color is dark because of dust and dirt pulled up into it from the ground. (Al Peterlin) Q: How do tornadoes end?

54. Deer Park Tornadoes - Powered By LeagueLineup.com A girls 91 travel team with calendar, roster, schedules, directions, photographs, and links. http://www.leaguelineup.com/dptornadoesg91

document.cookie = "wWidth="+screen.width; BUILD YOUR FREE SITE SPORTS T-SHIRTS DISNEYWORLDSPORTS FREE FUNDRAISING KIT ... Deer Park Tornadoes Last Updated: April 12, 2003 www.leaguelineup.com/dptornadoesg91 Main Menu Welcome Calendar Roster Schedules ... Administration New Updated Visitor Counter LeagueLineup.com FREE Web Sites Get a site for your team and/or league! Spirit Merchandise ... Soccer : How to Play the Game : The Official Playing and Coaching Manual of the United States Soccer Federation Welcome Reload Popup Guestbook Weather Top 100 Sites On April 12th, be at field no later than 11:30am for mini-session Player's Code of Conduct Parents Role Models for Life Keys for Success -Work on your skills at home. -Stay focused and disciplined: 1) After sprinting and being exhausted. 2) When others are not 3) When you make a mistake try to correct it. Do not avoid practicing your weakness. -Use your commitment and courage to your advantage. -Take responsibility, do not find excuses. -Use your power, be aggressive and you will gain respect. -Leadership, communicate on the field, help teammates on training sessions.

55. Tornadoes And Ball Lightning - Paper By Edward Lewis A Edward Lewis paper, with the discussion of ball lightning as plasmoids.Category Science Earth Sciences Ball Lightning......Return to the INE Main Page. tornadoes and Ball Lightning. Edward Lewis POBox 13050 Chicago, Illinois 60613. 15, 1996.. tornadoes and Ball Lightning. http://www.padrak.com/ine/ELEWIS3.html

Return to the INE Main Page Tornadoes and Ball Lightning Edward Lewis P. O. Box 13050 Chicago, Illinois 60613 September 7, 1995; Revised July 22, 1996 and August 20, 1996 [Received via email to INE, June 1996. Revised Oct. 1996.] [Reposted Nov. 15, 1996.] Tornadoes and Ball Lightning Abstract Tornadoes and ball lightning are identified, and described as plasmoid phenomena. Certain anomalous characteristics of tornadoes and ball lightning are described and shown to be similar to the behavior of the plasmoid phenomena produced by electrolysis and discharge apparatus; in part, as evidenced by certain kinds of micrometer sized traces in nuclear emulsions and marks in materials. Atmospheric Plasmoid Phenomena A weather observer for the U. S. Weather Service named F. Montgomery(10) who was stationed in Blackwell, Oklahoma in May of 1955 reported a tornado that passed by in the evening at 9:27 P.M. that had a deep blue section that was near the top near the cloud layer and that was "very much brighter" than an arc welder and too bright for him to look at, though the tornado was 9 blocks or 3600 feet away from him. I suspect that the bright section may have been toroid shaped. He reported that the air from the tornado felt hot and that the temperature as recorded by a thermometer at his instrument shelter rose from 74 degrees Fahrenheit to 80 degrees Fahrenheit when the storm struck. This is evidence of a spectacular rate of radiation. And he reported: There were rapidly rotating clouds passing in front of the top of the funnel. These clouds were illuminated only by the luminous band of light. The light would grow dim when these clouds were in front, and then it would grow bright again as I could see between the clouds. As near as I can explain, I would say that the light was the same color as an electric arc welder but very much brighter. The light was so intense that I had to look away when there were no clouds in front. The light and the clouds seemed to be turning to the right like a beacon in a lighthouse(11).

56. NCDC: Tornadoes Tornado FAQ (from Storm Prediction Center) Worldwide Weather and Climate Events (historicalreports by month) Midwest tornadoesJune 2001 Climate WatchApril http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/severeweather/tornadoes.html

NCDC Publications / Tornadoes / Search Help Tornadoes Updated September 12, 2002 1950-1995 Long-Term Averages By State (MapsGIF): Smallfor a quick view, Largelarger image for printing Overall Average (small) (large) Overall Average Per 10,000 Square Miles (small) (large) ... (large) Note: Although the maps below have not been updated to include more recent years, please check NOAA's Storm Prediction Center for more recent maps and tables. 1990-1995 Annual Totals By State (MapsGIF): Overall Total Small Large Small Large ... Large Strong-Violent Total Small Large Small Large ... Large Overall Total per 10,000 Square Miles Small Large Small Large ... Large Strong-Violent Total per 10,000 Square Miles Small Large Small Large ... Large Special Reports: Tornado FAQ (from Storm Prediction Center) Worldwide Weather and Climate Events (historical reports by month) Midwest TornadoesJune 2001 Climate WatchApril 2001 (Tornado Info) ... Tri-State Tornado of March 1925 Top of Page NCDC Publications / Tornadoes / Search Help http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/severeweather/tornadoes.html Downloaded Saturday, 12-Apr-2003 02:08:06 EDT

57. Fayette County Kentucky Tornadoes, 1950-2000 Listing of statistics for 6 tornadoes including date and time, length, width, track, class, and number of people killed or injured. http://www.crh.noaa.gov/lmk/tornadostats/fayette.html

Fayette County Kentucky Tornadoes, 1950-2000 KY # Date Time Length (miles) Width (yards) F killed injured Counties track n/a Fayette/ Bourbon n/a Fayette n/a Madison/ Fayette Fayette Fayette n/a Scott/ Fayette Fayette Jessamine/ Fayette NCDC Storm Database Last Updated: July 05, 2001

58. Anderson County Kentucky Tornadoes, 1950-2000 Provides information about tornadoes in the county from 1950 through 2000. http://www.crh.noaa.gov/lmk/tornadostats/anderson.html

Anderson County Kentucky Tornadoes, 1950-2000 KY # Date Time Length (miles) Width (yards) F killed injured Counties track n/a Anderson Anderson n/a Anderson/ Franklin/ Scott Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson/ Woodford NCDC Storm Database Last Updated: July 12, 2001

59. May 3rd 1999 Central OK Tornadoes A comprehensive collection of links of the best of May 3rd sites. Both on the meteorological and human side. http://members.tripod.com/~thunder_listener/may3.html

May 3rd 1999 Central OK Tornadoes 3 May 2000 Tornado Sketch by Cheryl-Ann Tan If you want to put this pic on your site, please send e-mail It's one year since the devastating outbreak. The Weather Signposts presents a collection of links on the web with a touch of humanity on the tragic outbreak. The outbreak, the lessons learned, the victims... will not be forgotten. This outbreak was, in a way, one that has left the deepest impression on me. It was the first "really big one" that I had ever heard of while I existed on this planet. I read everything on the event that I could get my hands on for almost a year. Never did I realize that there was so much to a single outbreak. Like many, I tend to see such events as tests and lessons for people. There is a recent song which contained a line, "lessons learned and they sure run deep... don't come easy and they don't come cheap." This one wasn't cheap. In case you're new to the weather world, the Oklahoma City/Moore tornado in the May 3rd outbreak was the USA's first billion-dollar tornado. Shoddy building structures, forecasts and forecasters, warnings, precautions taken by the public... were all put to the test. Chase accounts Lets start here with chase logs... after all, they are the war stories from the front lines. If you haven't start looking over the links, I suggest you do that now. There isn't much else for me to say since I wasn't there myself... so I shall only make this more of compilation of links and my thoughts.

60. Tornadoes Hurricanes can also produce tornadoes that add to the storm's destructivepower. tornadoes are most likely to occur in the right http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/HAW2/english/tornadoes.shtml

Text Only Version TEXT ONLY VERSION NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER Visit NWS Visit NOAA Visit FEMA Contact Us Hurricanes can also produce tornadoes that add to the storm's destructive power. Tornadoes are most likely to occur in the right-front quadrant of the hurricane. However, they are also often found elsewhere embedded in the rainbands , well away from the center of the hurricane. Some hurricanes seem to produce no tornadoes, while others develop multiple ones. Studies have shown that more than half of the landfalling hurricanes produce at least one tornado; Hurricane Buelah (1967) spawned 141 according to one study. In general, tornadoes associated with hurricanes are less intense than those that occur in the Great Plains (see the Fujita Intensity Scale below). Nonetheless, the effects of tornadoes, added to the larger area of hurricane-force winds, can produce substantial damage. We have no way at present to predict exactly which storms will spawn tornadoes or where they will touch down. The new Doppler radar systems have greatly improved the forecaster's warning capability, but the technology usually provides lead times from only a few minutes up to about 30 minutes. Consequently, preparedness is critical Tornado Facts When associated with hurricanes, tornadoes are not usually accompanied by hail or a lot of lightning, clues that citizens in other parts of the country watch for.

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