21. History & Culture Embassy of turkmenistan in Washington DC provides this guide to the Central Asian country's rich history and culture. culture and traditions. KeimirKer, a Turkmen from the Tekke clan, led a. rebellion of the Turkmen against the Persians, who were occupying most. of turkmenistan. http://www.turkmenistanembassy.org/turkmen/history/history.html

History of Turkmenistan Tools from the Stone-Age have been discovered along the Caspian Sea shore and near the modern port of Turkmenbashi, establishing the pre-historic presence of humans in the area that is today known as Turkmenistan. The remains of farming settlements in the Kopet-Dag Mountains date back 8,000 years. The ancient cultivators in this region used the mountain streams to irrigate their crops. They also survived by herding livestock and by hunting wild game. As early societies learned to make pottery and metal tools, they began to trade with other peoples of central Asia. This profitable trade however, also attracted foreign invaders. By the 6th century B.C., the powerful

22. MapZones.com Culture turkmenistan, culture, Back to Top. The widespread Turkmen traditionalpractice of composing poetry orally gave way, after printing http://www.mapzones.com/world/asia/turkmenistan/cultureindex.php

Country Info Turkmenistan Introduction Turkmenistan General Data Turkmenistan Maps Turkmenistan Culture ... Turkmenistan Time and Date Turkmenistan Culture Back to Top The Turkmen-language literary publications that appeared in Soviet Turkmenistan in the late 1920s and '30s first used a modified Arabic script, then a modified Roman alphabet, and finally a modified Cyrillic alphabet. After independence Turkmen writers, religious leaders, and educators entered a debate over their alphabet; though many wished to return to the Arabic writing system, Turkmenistan adopted a modified Roman alphabet. A studio in Ashgabat produces films, and television stations transmit from the capital and from Türkmenbashy. Until recently, most broadcasting and films employed the Russian language rather than Turkmen. Broadcasts in Turkmen are often translations of programs that originated in Russian and other languages. Countries Map or Maps Egypt Maps South Africa Maps England Maps France Maps ... mailto:info@mapzones.com?subject=Mail from HomePage

23. Lonely Planet World Guide | Destination Turkmenistan | Introduction turkmenistan is as much a culture as a country since the Turkmen have never formeda real nation and have allowed their cities to become predominantly http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/central_asia/turkmenistan/

home search help worldguide ... Related Weblinks Turkmenistan The most curious of the Central Asian republics, Turkmenistan resembles an Arab Gulf state without the money. It's the second largest Central Asian country, but four-fifths of it consists of an inhospitable lunar-like desert called the Karakum which conceals unexploited oil and gas deposits. The country is sparsely populated and its people, the Turkmen, are only a generation or two removed from being nomads. Turkmenistan is as much a culture as a country since the Turkmen have never formed a real nation and have allowed their cities to become predominantly populated by other peoples. They place most esteem on a rural life revolving around their famous, traditionally patterned carpets, their ceremonies, hospitality and fleet Akhal-Teke horses. Warning Though Turkmenistan is generally calm, neighboring Afghanistan is still the site of military operations led by the USA and its allies. In light of the ongoing instability, travelers are advised to stay clear of the areas bordering Afghanistan. Other areas within Turkmenistan that are designated as 'restricted' by the government are definitely off-limits. Full country name: Turkmenistan Area: 488,100 sq km (188,500 sq mi)

24. STANTOURS - Turkmenistan - Culture And Adventure culture Adventure Tours turkmenistan has some of the most fascinatingmonuments of Central Asia's Islamic and preIslamic architecture. http://stantours.s5.com/tm_syl_ca.html

Contact Us Links Front Page Central Asia ... Kyrgyzstan Tour Styles Guided Tour to the Main Attractions Ahal Attractions Balkan Attractions Dashogus Attractions ... Embassy Turkmenistan has some of the most fascinating monuments of Central Asia's Islamic and pre-Islamic architecture. Turkmenistan's heritage sites are beyond comparison not only for their age, but also for their original state - almost unspoilt by later reconstruction and restoration. You can stroll around the magnificent city-sites of Ancient Merv and Nissa , breathe history in the ancient capital of Khorezm, Kunya-Urgench , or join the archaeologists and witness history in the writing in Zoroastrian Margush . Come and visit the Sufi philosopher's shrines of Meane Baba or Abu-Fazid in their simplicity and ancient beauty and travel the times amidst the ruins of medieval Dekhistan in the western plains of the country.

25. STANTOURS - Turkmenistan - Culture Tours - Turkmenistan And Beyond culture Adventure Tours turkmenistan and Beyond turkmenistan Iran - UzbekistanStarting from the Turkmen capital of Ashgabat our tour will cross into http://stantours.s5.com/tm_syl_ca_tb.html

Contact Us Links Front Page Central Asia ... Kyrgyzstan Tour Styles Guided Tour to the Main Attractions Ahal Attractions Balkan Attractions Dashogus Attractions ... Embassy Turkmenistan and Beyond Turkmenistan - Iran - Uzbekistan Starting from the Turkmen capital of Ashgabat our tour will cross into northern Iran to visit the magnificent ancient city of Mashad. Further you will visit the best of Merv in Turkmenistan and ancient Bukhara and Khiva in Uzbekistan. Crossing the Karakum desert on the way back you will stay overnight in traditional yurts in the oasis of Darvaza in the centre of the Karakum desert. Visit 5 major historical spots of Central Asia: Ashgabat, Mashad, Merv (Mary), Bukhara, Khiva, and Konye-Urgench. Duration 12 days: 6 days Turkmenistan, 2 days Iran, 4 days Uzbekistan. Accommodation 4 Stars / optional one night overnight stay in traditional yurts, transportation by air-conditioned vehicles. Ashgabat -Mashhad - Mary - Bukhara - Urgench - Darvaza Ashgabat Day 1

26. EurasiaNet Culture - Turkmenbashi Forges A New, Old Nation In Turkmenistan Niyazov has placed great emphasis on reviving ancient culture. Turkmen live in smallnumbers in Iran and Afghanistan, but turkmenistan is portrayed as the only http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/culture/articles/eav021302.shtml

Eurasia Insight Analysis of current affairs Deals, Developments, and Trends Environment Hazards and Solutions Expert and Observer Interviews Culture News, Book Reviews, and Photo Essays Human Rights Monitoring and Actions Recaps Summaries of Expert Meetings Election Watch Results and Analysis Discussion Forums East of Magnum An Online Photo Exhibition EurasiaNet Partners Contributing Sites Grants and Employment Opportunities in Central Eurasia Search EurasiaNet Eurasia Policy Forum Drug Policy, HIV/AIDS and the Public Health Crisis in Central Asia Caspian Revenue Watch CULTURE TURKMENBASHI FORGES A NEW, OLD NATION IN TURKMENISTAN A EurasiaNet Commentary by Taras Kuzio: 2/13/02 Turkmenistan was one of the last countries to declare independence from the Soviet Union, waiting until October 27, 1991 to hold a referendum on the issue. Like most of the Central Asian states, Turkmenistan was forced to confront independence unexpectedly, with the sudden collapse of the Soviet Union. Turkmen independence did not have local political roots, and the country did not have a counter-elite, drawn from dissident groups, ready to assume leadership positions. Throughout the 1990s, things have stayed that way. Turkmenistan has led the way in pursuing a top-down nation-building policy in Central Asia.

27. Peace Corps | Countries | Central And East Asia | Turkmenistan | Country & Cultu and livestock. culture turkmenistan is about 90% Muslim, althoughit is still influenced by seven decades of Soviet rule. Since http://www.peacecorps.gov/countries/turkmenistan/culture.cfm

April 12, 2003 1:23 PM Geography and Climate The Kara Kum (Black Sand) desert, one of the largest sand deserts in the world, occupies four-fifths of the country. Turkmenistan borders Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Iran, Afghanistan, and the Caspian Sea. About four and a half million people live in a country slightly larger than California. Ashgabat, the capital and largest city, has a population of half a million. Most large settlements have trees and are quite green in spring and summer. The Turkmen ethnic group makes up 77% of the population. Other major groups are Russians, Uzbeks, and Kazakhs. The official language is Turkmen. Economy Turkmenistan's vast reserves of gas and oil give it great economic promise, but the country still lacks adequate means of exporting these resources. About half the labor force is employed in construction and related projects. Major agricultural areas are cotton, grain, and livestock. Culture Turkmenistan is about 90% Muslim, although it is still influenced by seven decades of Soviet rule. Since independence, there has been a resurgence of Islam, with more and more people practicing daily, and making pilgrimages to local religious sites. Islam in Turkmenistan contains elements of Sufi mysticism and shamanism. Of the two primary cultural groups in Turkmenistan, the Russian population appear closer to the West in their dress, life-styles, and attitudes. Turkmen women wear long, brightly colored dresses and headscarves. Turkmen usually marry within their tribe, and only with parental approval. Families tend to be large, with four or more children.

28. Peace Corps | Countries | Central And East Asia | Turkmenistan Volunteers living in this breathtaking country will experience therichness of turkmenistan's culture and the warmth of its people. http://www.peacecorps.gov/countries/turkmenistan/

April 12, 2003 1:23 PM Turkmenistan is a land of deserts, mountains, camels, yurts, melons, shashlik stands, and ruins of ancient cities. Volunteers living in this breathtaking country will experience the richness of Turkmenistan's culture and the warmth of its people. A former republic of the Soviet Union, Turkmenistan declared independence in October 1991. The first Volunteers arrived in 1993. Since then more than 250 Volunteers have served in Turkmenistan. Peace Corps Volunteers work in two program areas in Turkmenistan: education and health. Turkmenistan has had little contact with the outside world, even before being absorbed by the Soviet Union 70 years ago. The first American a Turkmen will meet is often a Peace Corps Volunteer. Volunteers must be extremely flexible and understanding of the challenges involved in living and working in such circumstances. At the same time, working in a part of the world few people have even heard of is one of the unique aspects of Peace Corps/Turkmenistan. Volunteers will have the chance to learn about this little known land, far from our own in every respect. Select another country in this region Bangladesh China Kazakhstan Kyrgyz Republic Mongolia Nepal Thailand Uzbekistan Select another region Africa Central and East Asia Europe and the Mediterranean Inter-America and the Carribean The Pacific Read our privacy and freedom of information policies.

29. Turkmenistan Chaihana - Introduction The contemporary borders of turkmenistan were drawn by Josef Stalin. Sovietmembership changed turkmenistan's culture and people in many ways. http://www.chaihana.com/turktext.html

A Very Brief Introduction to Turkmenistan by Greg Lastowka Turkmenistan is a desert country located in Central Asia to the north of Iran and to the east of the Caspian Sea. It is a newly independent state as of 1991, and was formerly a republic of the Soviet Union. The Turkmen people speak the Turkmen language, which is a Turkic language (similar to Turkish, Kazakh, and Uzbek). Turkmenistan was a birthplace of early civilization. In Bairamali, the walls of Ancient Merv, over 2000 years old, are incorporated into the walls of contemporary houses. Though the territory of Turkmenistan was at times a part of various dynasties and empires, "Turkmenistan" was never really a country prior to the twentieth century, but was instead a region inhabited by distinct tribes that shared a common culture. The history of Turkmenistan and the Parthian and Selucid empires, can be found on various Internet websites. ( go to links page The contemporary borders of Turkmenistan were drawn by Josef Stalin. Soviet membership changed Turkmenistan's culture and people in many ways. Though initial resistance to Russian occupation had been fierce, over time the majority of Turkmen, especially those in the urban centers, came to regard themselves as Soviets citizens. Many Turkmen people learned to speak Russian, and Russian language ability was a practical requirement for participation in government. Russian schools were built to promote the goals of Soviet society, and achieved some remarkable results. The Soviets helped develop agriculture and industry in the area, though some of their methods, most notably the draining of the Aral Sea, have led to serious ecological problems.

30. Being A Tourist In Turkmenistan Weather turkmenistan is very hot and the dry in the summer and can be cold, rainy thatis no excuse to dress down if you want to respect the local culture. http://www.chaihana.com/tourist.html

Travel Tips Weather Turkmenistan is very hot and the dry in the summer and can be cold, rainy, and muddy in the winter. Be prepared for the weather and for the lack of air conditioning or heating in most places. Also be aware that even though the weather might be tough, that is no excuse to dress down if you want to respect the local culture. Conveniences There are some good supermarkets in Ashgabat these days, so you don't have to pack everything if you have money. On the subject of money, it's pretty easy to change cash for the local currency legally. I don't think credit cards and travellers checks are taken at most places. (Probably in Ashgabat there are places that will take them these days.) I have heard that the big hotels in Ashgabat are really nice and modern. They're also very expensive. If you plan on travelling outside of the capital, you shouldn't expect much, but at least the prices are better. Most towns have plumbing and electricity, although out on the collective farms these are less likely. You'll have to get used to the Turkish toilets they're quite an experience. Water Getting Around Taxis and buses are easily obtainable in most major towns and cities. Speaking Russian (or Turkmen) is almost a requirement, though, since very few people understand English. Taxi drivers usually try to charge foreigners higher rates. If you feel ambitious, you might want to haggle about the price. You should probably fix the price before you get in the taxi, unless you have a feel for the local prices.

31. Turkmenistan : Society And Culture turkmenistan Society and culture, turkmenistan Society and culture homepage,turkmenistan Society and culture web, turkmenistan Society and culture net http://search.asiaco.com/Turkmenistan/Society_and_Culture/

Home Add Site Change URL NewSites ... Search A S I A C O , T H E A S I A S E A R C H E N G I N E Turkmenistan : Society and Culture Home Turkmenistan : Society and Culture Categories Environment and Nature Expatriates Organizations People ... Women Sites Ethnologue of Turkmenistan This site contains a brief description of Turkmenistan and a list of languages used by Turkmenistan people. URL: http://www.sil.org/ethnologue/countries/Turm.html Last modified 7-Jul-2000 Turkmenchelik This site provides informations on shaping up a new Turkmen identity through the learning of heritage and adapting to modern realities. URL: http://baskurt.homestead.com Last modified 7-Jul-2000 Turkmenistan Human Rights This site consists of informations on the history of Turkmenistan and exposing of the violation of human rights in Turkmenistan. URL: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/5246 Last modified 8-Jul-2000 Turkmenistan Resource Page Soros Foundation provides a wide variety of information about Turkmenistan: politics, culture, history, business, ecology, and more. URL: http://www.soros.org/turkstan.html

32. Turkmenistan : Society And Culture : People turkmenistan Society and culture People, turkmenistan Society and culture People homepage, turkmenistan Society and culture People web http://search.asiaco.com/Turkmenistan/Society_and_Culture/People/

Home Add Site Change URL NewSites ... Search A S I A C O , T H E A S I A S E A R C H E N G I N E Turkmenistan : Society and Culture : People Home Turkmenistan Society and Culture : People Options Help Help Site Map ... Privacy Notices This site is powered by Asiaco Servers

33. Turkmenistan Pictures Gallery - People And Culture Page 1 of 9 Home Prev Next End. People and culture. http://www.icctm.org/Gallery/People/ulthm.htm

34. Turkmenistan People And Culture - Thumbnails People and culture List of Images Home Gallery Home Switch to MultimediaShow. 1. thm_1.gif, Size 22.51 KB. 2. thm_2.gif, Size 16.96 KB. 3. thm_3.gif, http://www.icctm.org/Gallery/People/Thumbnails/ulthm.htm

35. Collectif Asah : Ressources : ASAH > RESSOURCES PAR PAYS > Asie > Turkmenistan > PAR PAYS Asie turkmenistan culture générale . Niveau Supérieur. http://www.collectif-asah.org/ressources.php?node=2779&

36. Welcome To Turkmenistan But these words' meanings in turkmenistan are much broader than their direct sense,they are considered to be sacred notions. Ikar PASEVIEV, journalist, Down. http://siyakhat.narod.ru/culture.html

//Script submitted to and featured on //http://www.dynamicdrive.com /* * FadingText(divName, numSteps, BGColor) * divName : Must match the DIV names defined at the end of the BODY) * numSteps: The number of steps in the fading transition * BGColor : The background colour of the DIV or document. */ FadingText('fade1',10,"1A790A"); /*** The "Frame Interval" Smaller = faster ***/ FadeInterval=100; Licence ¹ 000029 SACRED WORDS "TAMDYR" AND "CHOREK" The first thing is a clay stove for baking bread and the second one is bread it self. But these words' meanings in Turkmenistan are much broader than their direct sense, they are considered to be sacred notions Ikar PASEVIEV journalist HIGH flame flew up to the sky, and dry stalks and boxes of cotton blazed up. But then flame settled and disappeared. Only the stove's mouth shone brightly and a woman bent over it plunging her hand with raw chorek and applying it to heated clay. Some minutes flew by and the master took brown aromatic scones as if pierced by sunlight out of the stove. The first scones broken into pieces were given to the children gathering round the tamdyr. Then she bent over the heated stove again putting new choreks into it. "At all times for Turkmens bread comes first", the famous Turkmen writer Ata Durdiyev, the author of the historical bestseller "Keimir Kyor" tells". In Turkmen folklore there is a proverb: "Bread is the king of everything . Since childhood we have been inculcated in quivering at titude to bread: if you drop even a tiny piece of it, you should pick it up immediately and put it aside for crumbs not to be trampled down.

37. Welcome To Turkmenistan the exhibits in this hall date from the middle ages which came to turkmenistan afterthe Arabian conquest in VII century. The heyday of this culture came with http://siyakhat.narod.ru/museum.html

Licence ¹ 000029 - April 12, 1996 - the President of Turkmenistan Saparmurat Niyazov approved the architectural project of the National Museum of Turkmenistan (Turkish architect Jan Onai) - April 26, 1996 - May 16, 1996 - the President of Turkmenistan and Turkey Saparmurat Niyazov and Suleiman Demirel took part in the solemn laying of the National Museum's foundation stone - November, 1997 - Construction work completed - January 5, 1998 - November 12, 1998 - the President of Turkmenistan and Turkey Saparmurat Niyazov and Suleiman Demirel took part in a ceremony of solemn unveiling of the National Museum of Turkmenistan Tehnical parameters: - General area - 14563 sq.m - Exhibition area - 3171 sq.m - Number of exhibition halls - 7 - Namber of storage units - 33776 - Designed for 2500 visitors a day National Museum of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan's National Museum was "born" on the January, 5, 1998. On that day the President of the country signed a statement setting out its future. The construction of the building was already completed, but work to equip the interior and shape its displays was still to come. The museum traces its roots back to the XIX century and a small amateur collection of household artifacts and examples of Turkmen workmanship which were displayed at the Russian industrial exhibition in Nizhni Novgorod in 1896. The exhibits were returned to Ashkhabad and used to found the Transcaspian Regional Museum, 100 years ago, on of March, 17, 1899. It soon became the single centre for the study of local nature, ethnography and history, with natural history as its main direction for a long time.

38. Bits Of Culture - Turkmenistan Language Map. Bits of culture. PointTo-Talk Booklets. Additional Resources.BITS OF culture - turkmenistan. Languages. Geography. Cultural Values. http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/interpreters/b_turkm.asp

BITS OF CULTURE - Turkmenistan Languages Geography Cultural Values Health Care Values ... Interesting Facts Languages Turkmen, Russian, Uzbek Geography Cultural Values Health Care Values Diet Interesting Facts

39. Russian Periodicals Catalog. Turkmen Dun'esi. Humanities, Culture, Ashgabat, Tur Turkmen dun'esi. Humanities, culture, Ashgabat, turkmenistan, Turkmen,.east view information services, Home, EVShop, Services. http://www.eastview.com/xq/ASP/sku=P13024/qx/peri/product.asp

Home EVShop Services welcome ... services Quick Search Title ISSN All Fields my account shopping cart Browse Bestsellers Agriculture/Food Aviation/Space Banking/Finance Business Law ... Transportation Issue Details Turkmen dun'esi Turkmen World Annual subscription price: General Info Product Description ... Info EVP Order Number Current status Active City Ashgabat Country Turkmenistan Language Turkmen Frequency ISSN Start Year Publisher Prezident Turkmenistana Subject Humanities Culture Type Newspaper home help contact us

40. Russian Periodicals Catalog. Gurbansoltan Eje. Humanities, Culture, Ashgabat, Tu Gurbansoltan eje. Humanities, culture, Ashgabat, turkmenistan, Turkmen,.east view information services, Home, EVShop, Services. http://www.eastview.com/xq/ASP/sku=P13025/Gurbansoltan/eje/Ashgabat/Turkmenistan

Home EVShop Services welcome ... services Quick Search Title ISSN All Fields my account shopping cart Browse Bestsellers Agriculture/Food Aviation/Space Banking/Finance Business Law ... Transportation Issue Details Gurbansoltan eje Mother Curbansoltan Annual subscription price: General Info Product Description ... Info EVP Order Number Current status Active City Ashgabat Country Turkmenistan Language Turkmen Frequency ISSN Start Year Publisher Prezident Turkmenistana Subject Humanities Culture Type Journal home help contact us

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