41. The Civil-Military History Of Uganda African Rifles that operated on a regional basis in 1900, Johnston concluded the1900 uganda Agreement with precolonial standing army became history, for he http://www.ploughshares.ca/content/BUILD PEACE/Lubowa99.html

CIVIL-MILITARY HISTORY OF UGANDA April, 1999 The Civil-Military History of Uganda Daniel Lubowa Makerere University Presented at the Conference on Civil-Military Relations, Nairobi, Kenya. April, 1999. Although there were military organisations in both the centralised and segmented societies of pre-colonial Uganda, each tended to have a different model of organisation. The military organisation in centralised states (e.g., Bunyoro, Buganda and Ankole) tended to be based on the hierarchical administrative structure of subchief and district chief, up to the king who was the commander-in-chief. Originally there was no standing army in these societies and whenever the need arose, the king, through his chiefs, could mobilise his male subjects. Their main weapons were spears and shields which were kept by every adult man in his home. During the regime of Omukama Kabalega (1870-1899) in Bunyoro and Kabaka Muteesa I (1854-1884) in Buganda standing armies were raised and organised for both states. In 1887, Kabalega transformed his guards, whose original duties had been limited to protecting the king and keeping order at public assemblies in the king's courts, into a standing army. He equipped it with rifles, percussion muskets and muzzle loaders obtained mainly from Arab traders. At about the same time Kabaka Muteesa also organised a standing army with a permanent commander known as Mujjasi, and captains over the troops. A marine unit of canoes on Lake Victoria was also organised under the command of Gabunga.

42. "Information And Communication Technologies And Their Impact On And Use As An In a number of ICT undertakings with uganda Communications Commission central and localgovernments, Korean Women's history System, a regional website on http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/egm/ict2002/experts.html

"Information and communication technologies and their impact on and use as an instrument for the advancement and empowerment of women" Expert Group Meeting Republic of Korea, 11 - 14 November 2002 Experts: Biographical Notes BONDER, Gloria HAFKIN, Nancy ISAACS, Shafika JORGE, Sonia N. ... TARASIEWICZ, Malgorzata BONDER, Gloria Back to the list of experts HAFKIN, Nancy Back to the list of experts ISAACS, Shafika Back to the list of experts JORGE, Sonia N. Back to the list of experts KIRKUP, Gillian Back to the list of experts MARCELLE, Gillian Back to the list of experts MIJUMBI, Rita Back to the list of experts PAIK, Young-Joo Back to the list of experts RAMILO, Chat Back to the list of experts SEYE SYLLA, Fatimata Back to the list of experts TARASIEWICZ, Malgorzata Malgorzata Tarasiewicz is the Executive Director of Network of East-West Women Polska (Since 2000) and a Board member of Network of East-West Women (she is a founder of NEWW). She was a Coordinator of the International Criminal Court Project in Polish Amnesty International and a regional (Central and Eastern Europe) contact person for the Women's Caucus for Gender Justice in the International Criminal Court. Between 1990 and 1995 a Chairperson of Amnesty International Poland (the first three terms of the organization's existence in Poland). 1989 - 1991 National Coordinator of Women's Section of "Solidarity" Trade Union. From 1986 to 1989 an active member of "Freedom and Peace" underground, oppositional (to the communist regime) social movement.

43. COMESA History COMESA history. of a subregional economic community, beginning with a sub-regionaltrade area COMESA was signed on 5th November 1993 in Kampala, uganda and was http://www.comesa.int/backgrnd/backhist.htm

COMESA History HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS 1. At the first and second conferences of independent African States, held in Accra, Ghana, in April 1958 and in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in June 1960, respectively, economic problems to be faced by independent Africa were discussed. There was a consensus that the smallness and fragmentation of post-colonial African national markets would constitute a major obstacle to the diversification of economic activity, away from a concentration on production of a narrow range of primary exports, to the creation of modern and internationally competitive enterprises, which would satisfy domestic needs and meet export requirements. It was, therefore, agreed that African countries which had gained political independence, should promote economic co-operation among themselves. 2. Two options were advocated for the implementation of the integration strategy in Africa: a) the Pan-African, all-embracing regional approach, which envisaged the immediate creation of a regional continental economic arrangement; and b) the geographically narrower approach that would have its roots at the sub-regional levels and build on sub-regional co-operation arrangements to achieve geographically wider forms of co-operation arrangements. FORMATION OF COMESA 1. The origins of the COMESA can be traced as far back as the mid-sixties. Before the Lagos Plan of Action and the Final Act of Lagos were adopted, the countries of Eastern and Southern Africa had already initiated the process towards creating an Eastern and Southern African co-operation arrangement.

44. Regional Integration Facilitation Forum Forum (RIFF) programme is the history of its on the agenda of the regional organisations,but for Rwanda, Seychelles, Swaziland, Tanzania, uganda, Zambia and http://www.comesa.int/business/riff.htm

Regional Integration Facilitation Forum(RIFF) BACKGROUND The history of the Regional Integration Facilitation Forum (RIFF) programme is the history of its predecessor, the Initiative to Facilitate Cross-Border Trade, Investment and Payments in Eastern and Southern Africa and the Indian Ocean (for short: Cross-Border Initiative or CBI), which has been in existence since 1992. In fact, it was in May 2000 that the CBI Steering Committee decided that, as it was entering its second phase, the CBI should be renamed the Regional Integration Facilitation Forum. The origins of the CBI go back to the Maastricht Conference on African Development in July 1990 where a request for more effective regional integration was formulated and a reflection on the regional dimension of structural adjustment took place. This request was made at the launching of the Global Coalition for Africa (GCA) by African Heads of State. The CBI therefore has arisen from a consensus by Eastern and Southern African countries and their co-operating partners (EU, World Bank, IMF and ADB) on the need for closer regional co-operation and integration in Africa. These countries and their co-operating partners recognised the disappointing results achieved by previous attempts to create closer regional ties in sub-Saharan Africa, but shared the view that, despite these disappointments, effective co-operation and integration would assist African countries to develop their economies, within the framework of the global economy, and so improve the living conditions of the people of the continent.

45. Library Of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handboo Country profile, history, geography, economy, politics.Category regional Africa uganda...... FOREIGN RELATIONS regional Organizations; Kenya and Tanzania; uganda's Other Neighbors MILITARYhistory Early Development; World War I; World War II. NATIONAL http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/ugtoc.html

UGANDA - A Country Study Search Uganda Include word variants Use only words as entered. UGANDA Foreword Acknowledgments Preface ... Glossary

46. Research See also regional Africa Regions East Africa (33); World Kiswahili BBC CountryProfile uganda An overview of the country with history, facts, media http://www.anthro.net/cgi-anthro/xdirectory.cgi?dir=/Regional/Africa/Uganda/

47. Research regional Africa Maps and Views (11). uganda history A detailedhistory of uganda with photos from pre-1900 until 1986. http://www.anthro.net/cgi-anthro/xdirectory.cgi?dir=/Regional/Africa/Uganda/Soci

48. Government Of Uganda - The Constitution We the People of uganda Recalling our history which has been (ii) uganda shall activelyparticipate in international and regional organisations that http://www.government.go.ug/constitution/index.php

Uganda Quick Facts History Geography ... People/Culture oihd Executive Constitution Parliament Ministries ... Home Constitution PREAMBLE We the People of Uganda Recalling our history which has been characterised by political and constitutional instability; Recognising our struggles against the forces of tyranny, oppression and exploitation; Committed to building a better future by establishing a socio-economic and political order through a popular and durable national Constitution based on the principles of unity, peace, equality, democracy, freedom, social justice and progress; Exercising our sovereign and inalienable right to determine the form of governance for our country, and having fully participated in the Constitution-making process; Noting that a Constituent Assembly was established to represent us and to debate the Draft Constitution prepared by the Uganda Constitutional Commission and to adopt and enact a Constitution for Uganda: Do Hearby, in and through this constituent Assembly solemnly adopt, enact and give to ourselves and our posterity, this Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, this 22nd day of September, in the year 1995.

49. Accord: Initiatives To End The Violence In Northern Uganda LRA) in Acholiland are entwined with the history of conflicts in uganda and the adoptedby the armed protagonists, and regional and international http://www.c-r.org/accord/uganda/accord11/theconflict.htm

Dr Otunnu is Assistant Professor of African History, Refugee Studies and Contemporary Global Issues at DePaul University (Chicago). He has also taught African History and Refugee Studies at York University (Toronto). Dr Otunnu has published on refugee crises, conflict resolution and genocide in Africa. Research for this work was partly done by Jane Laloyo. Causes and consequences of the war in Acholiland Residents return to view their damaged homes, Kirombe, Gulu municipality March 1996 Source: Ben Ochan Ogenga Otunnu Dr Otunnu is Assistant Professor of African History, Refugee Studies and Contemporary Global Issues at DePaul University (Chicago). He has also taught African History and Refugee Studies at York University (Toronto). Dr Otunnu has published on refugee crises, conflict resolution and genocide in Africa. Research for this work was partly done by Jane Laloyo. Uganda: land and people Lake Kyoga forms both a physical and linguistic marker. South of Kyoga is the so-called Bantu region, with the centralized pre-colonial states of Buganda, Toro, Ankole (Nkore) and Bunyoro the dominant territories. North and east of Kyoga are the non-Bantu territories of the Acholi, Alur, Langi, Iteso and Karamojong. The Acholi inhabit present-day northern Uganda and southern Sudan, where, in the pre-colonial era, they constructed decentralized states. In the 1970s, the Acholi district of northern Uganda was divided into Gulu and Kitgum districts. In 2001, Kitgum was subdivided to create a third district of Pader. The three districts constitute an area commonly referred to as Acholiland.

50. Regional Activities - Africa the Central African Republic (1965), Malawi, uganda and Zambia It is the first timein the history of Interpol as organisation that regional focus was http://www.interpol.int/Public/Region/Africa/Default.asp

12 April 2003 Home Search Contact Help ... Regional activities Africa HISTORY OF MEMBERSHIP FACT SHEET: AFRICA SUB-DIRECTORATE COUNTRIES OF THE FOUR SUB-REGIONS OF AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA HISTORY OF MEMBERSHIP The continent's position as a crossroads between the Americas, Europe and Asia also lays it open to transnational crimes such as traffic in weapons, illicit drug trafficking, illegal immigration, traffic in stolen motor vehicles and fraud, etc., which can only be stopped by international co-operation. Seeking and locating the criminals involved poses problems relating to information exchange, international identification and arrests with a view to extradition. This is why Interpol (in accordance with Article 2 (1) of its Constitution) ensures the closest possible co-operation between the "criminal police authorities" of all member countries, including those in Africa. Crime is not associated with a particular region and is certainly not a problem for Africa alone. Ever since it was established, the International Criminal Police Organization - Interpol has been seen by countries all over the world as an institution whose principles and objectives correspond to universal aspirations for human rights, public safety and the fight against ordinary law crime. Joining Interpol was therefore one of the first steps taken by various African leaders once their countries obtained independence.

51. Celebration - Black History Month 2003 Opening We the Children . A history of African Harmony Hall regional Center10701 Livingston Rd, Fort PERFORMANCES Namu Lwanga of uganda A consummate http://www.pgparks.com/things/blackhist03.html

52. The Uganda Crisis, 1966 the 19th, the Buganda Lukiiko (regional parliament) passed and unconstitutional systemimposed on uganda in 1966 a watershed in our nation's history that needs http://www.buganda.com/crisis66.htm

The 1966 Crisis A deep political crisis arose in Uganda in the early part of 1966. The events surrounding this crisis culminated in the Uganda Army attacking the palace of the king of Buganda, the late Kabaka Fredrick Walugembe Muteesa II (affectionately known as King Freddie) on May 24th. The army was intent on capturing and killing King Freddie. After a day long battle in which the army deployed tanks and heavy artillery, it became evident that the Kabaka and his defenders with their small arms could not hold the palace against the attacking force. Fortunately, the Kabaka was able to elude capture and with the help of several loyal supporters was able to escape into exile. For the first time in Uganda's short history, the state had deliberately and systematically turned its guns on its own people. This attempt to destroy the Buganda kingdom and the culture of its people was truly momentous in the country's history. Meanwhile, some divisions had developed within the ranks of UPC. Some prominent party members accused Obote of having dictatorial tendencies, and of fostering tribal rivalries within UPC and the national army. Obote's position as head of the UPC had become tenuous and it was apparent that he would face a formidable challenge at the party's Delegates' Conference due to be held before the next national elections in 1967. Obote was anxious to forestall any opposition. Another problem bedevilling the country at the time was the widespread corruption at various levels of government, so much so that Obote himself was personally implicated. He was alleged to have been involved in the smuggling of gold, ivory and coffee from Zaire (then Congo Kinshasa) with the collaboration of Col. Amin. On February 4, 1966; Mr. Daudi Ochieng, a KY member of parliament, introduced a bill calling for a commission of inquiry into these activities and the suspension of Col. Amin until such inquiry was completed. Obote's response and retribution came on February 22, when he had five of his cabinet ministers (Ibingira, Magezi, Lumu, Kirya and Ngobi) arrested during a cabinet meeting and held without trial; suspended

53. History.html Political history uganda gained its independence from the into becoming child soldiersin northern uganda. the Child, and other regional international treaties http://www.soldierchild.org/history.html

UGANDA: Stopping the Harvesting of Children Introduction: Uganda’s children are being harvested. More than 8,000 children in northern Uganda have been abducted and turned into child soldiers by the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA). Fighting between the Ugandan military, the LRA, the West Bank Nile Front has also disrupted education, farming, split up families and dislocated food production. The Ugandan Peoples Defense Force (UPDF) has also committed human rights abuses in responding to rebel attacks. Political History: Uganda gained its independence from the United Kingdom in 1962 under Milton Obote. Obote was ousted by Army Commander Idi Amin in 1971 and in 1979 Amin was removed by a coalition of forces from Tanzania and Ugandan opposition groups. After transitional period, Obote was reinstalled in 1980, however in 1985 he was overthrown again by General Tito Okello who was in turn overthrown in 1986 by Yoweri Museveni, the country’s current President. President Museveni and the National Resistance Movement govern over a “no-party” political system where person can run for office in their individual capacity or as members of the ruling party. Freedom of assembly, association and expression are restricted. Human Rights Concerns: Northern Uganda has been effectively destabilized since 1986 by fighting between the UPDF and two militias, the West Nile Bank Front and the LRA. The LRA, a rebel faction funded by the Sudanese army, has forced more than 200,000 northern Ugandans to flee their homes in terror. This has ruined the area's infrastructure and agricultural capacity as plots have been abandoned and landmines make returning to the area dangerous. Principle areas affected have been Gulu and Kitgum.

54. Uganda - Books, Maps And Atlases and places Buganda in a wider regional context. Thomas P. Ofcansky briefly outlinesthe history of the uganda Since Independence A Story of Unfulfilled Hopes http://www.africaguide.com/country/uganda/books.htm

HOME NEWS LETTER CONTACT US LINK TO US ... CHARITIES Jump to a Country Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Congo Dem.Rep. Congo (Zaire) Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Bissau Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Reunion Rwanda Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Uganda INTRODUCTION VISITOR INFORMATION ACCOMODATION CAR HIRE ... PHOTOGRAPHS BOOKS AND MAPS MUSIC FAVOURITE LINKS All the books recommended below are available from one of our Affiliate companies and when selected, the link will take you directly to the relevant page on our Affiliates' website where you will find prices and ordering details. A new browser window will fire up so you can return to this page at any time. I have personally used our Affiliate Companies for ordering my own books and maps and found their service to be first class, fast and reliable, and all the books I have received have arrived in good condition. However, please read our

55. Xavier University's Department Of History the role of women's labor in regional and local several articles Finding What YouNeed in uganda's Archives (with Lynn Khadiagala), history in Africa 27 http://www.xula.edu/Academic/as_college/hist_dept/hist.htm

The Department of History at Xavier University of Louisiana Welcome to the home page of the Xavier history department. We are a small department of seven full-time faculty members, a secretary, and approximately twenty majors, but we believe that our dedication, hard work, and spirit of collegiality make an important contribution to the study of the humanities at Xavier University. Our teaching and research interests are diverse, ranging from the ancient Mediterranean to the modern Third World, and especially through Xavier's core world history sequence we strive to impart an appreciation of the "art and science of history" to every Xavier undergraduate. Below you will find some basic information about the history department's goals, curriculum, and faculty. If you have further questions, please feel free to call us at (504) 483-7581, or to reach us by e-mail at bhughes@xula.edu or jrotondo@xula.edu . Our mailing address is: Dept. of History, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125. Fax. (504) 485-7938. Goals of the department of history Requirements of the major and minor in history The social science education major Honors in history ... History resources on the Web Goals of the department of history Historical literacy is one of the foundations of a liberal arts education. It provides a valuable framework for our understanding of current issues and those we will encounter in the next century. In addition to providing information and knowledge, it also offers historical insights and the ability to marshal and analyze intricate ideas, issues, and movements from the past. Equipped with a universal background, history majors develop an appreciation for multicultural perspectives.

56. International Water History Association Planning history , Institute for regional Development and history and Economic history,Manchester Metropolitan Sociology, Makerere University, uganda, The Lake http://www.svf.uib.no/sfu/iwha/theme_a.htm

Username: Password: Become a member Lost your password? Search IWHA: Theme A Theme B, Theme C Theme D ... Theme E Themes: A. The political economy of water - ownership and control B. Images of water in religion, myths, literature and art C. History of hydrology, water control and narratives on the river and the dam D. Water, poverty and social development E. History of water, sanitation and health Accepted abstracts in Theme A: The political economy of water - ownership and control This session will deal with the changing histories of water as a private or common good. In what way has water been seen as a commodity standing outside "normal" economic theories? Papers will also be presented examining how regional and national control of water resources have been embedded into patterns of economic and political control within and across national boundaries, and has stirred up territorial disputes. The session will also deal with institutional frameworks for solving the disputes over fresh water in different regional settings. Go here to view the abstracts in full texts, theme A

57. CCF: Project Humanity: Regional Case Studies Case Study. Cattle Dispersal Program. Many of uganda's people havea long history of keeping cattle. In the past a family group could http://www.ccfa.org.au/community/regional/studies/uganda_cs03.shtml

Case Study Cattle Dispersal Program Many of Uganda's people have a long history of keeping cattle. In the past a family group could have a herd of as many as a hundred cattle. Today, most of these cattle are gone, taken through the ravages of civil unrest and cattle rustling. With the cattle went people's livelihood and a very significant part of their identity. CCF Australia and CCF Uganda, with funding support from the Australian Government, have been working together for several years to return cattle to the people of Uganda. Although it is no longer possible for a family to have a herd the size of those in the past, even one or two cows, properly cared for, can make a huge difference to people's lives. Improved nutrition through the milk, income from the sale of the milk, power for ploughing and fertiliser are some of the benefits of having a cow or two. Other benefits include real improvements in people's self-esteem, more social interaction and even new skins for drums. Through the Cattle Dispersal Program, a family is given a heifer on credit. They are trained in caring for the animal and have access to veterinary advice and support. After the heifer gives birth, the family cares for the new calf for two years, using the milk to feed their children and selling any surplus. After this time, the family repays their loan by passing the mature calf on to another family, spreading the benefits throughout the community. In one project in Akani, in Uganda's North, the Elobu family was given their cow around three years ago. Alonsio, the father, has cared for the cow over this time and a little over two years ago it had a calf. The milk from the cow was given to their three children, and some of it sold. Now the calf has been passed on to the Elobu's neighbours. Both the Elobus and their neighbours are very proud of their cows and committed to their care. Alonsio's neighbour is very pleased with his new cow and is committed to paying for the cow by passing on its first calf when the time comes.

58. Zegional Africa Uganda Society And Culture History Polish Yellow Pages - Polska TOP regional Africa uganda Society_and_Culture history. historyand Historical sites about the Peoples of uganda Brief introduction. http://www.yellowpages.pl/ca/222307/Regional/Africa/Uganda/Society_and_Culture/H

>English Version Polskie Firmy: Firmy wg SIC Szukaj firmy Szukaj w Internecie: Polska ¦wiat Katalog Stron Biznes Serwisy YellowPages: Rejestracja DOMEN Strony WWW DNS ZOOM ... Sklep Partner idealo.de NETSPRINT Reporter.pl Portofolio DVD Search TOP CHARTS Webkatalog Multi szukanie - mainSeek Polska - Netsprint ¦wiatowy Katalog Stron Katalog Firm Teleadreson Szukaj domeny TOP Regional Africa Uganda ... History and Historical sites about the Peoples of Uganda - Brief introduction. Uganda History - A detailed history of Uganda with photos from pre-1900 until 1986. Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web. Submit a Site Open Directory Project Become an Editor P³atna reklama REJESTRACJA DOMEN KATALOG STRON PROFESJONALNY DNS SKLEP ... e-mail

59. Zegional Africa Uganda Polish Yellow Pages - Polska - Poland - Polen culture. Living Encyclopedia for uganda Resources for teaching andlearning about uganda, its culture and its history. NewAfrica http://www.yellowpages.pl/ca/25785/Regional/Africa/Uganda/

>English Version Polskie Firmy: Firmy wg SIC Szukaj firmy Szukaj w Internecie: Polska ¦wiat Katalog Stron Biznes Serwisy YellowPages: Rejestracja DOMEN Strony WWW DNS ZOOM ... Sklep Partner idealo.de NETSPRINT Reporter.pl Portofolio DVD Search TOP CHARTS Webkatalog Multi szukanie - mainSeek Polska - Netsprint ¦wiatowy Katalog Stron Katalog Firm Teleadreson Szukaj domeny TOP Regional Africa Uganda ... AfricaOnline.com - Uganda - Ugandan news, travel, sports, entertainment, business, chat. BBC Country Profile: Uganda - An overview of the country with history, facts, media links and a timeline of relevant events. Britannica.com - Uganda - Introduction to the country - land, people, economy, society, culture. CIA Factbook - Uganda - Features map and brief descriptions of geography, economy, government, and people EnterUganda - Portal with news, an online business directory, information on politics, history, business, culture. Living Encyclopedia for Uganda - Resources for teaching and learning about Uganda, its culture and its history. NewAfrica.com - Uganda

60. TechnoServe This should create an attractive setting for investors, for regional and internationalimporters But because of uganda's past history, it is difficult to http://www.technoserve.org/africa/uganda-advis.html

all photos © Richard Lord Andrea Gasparotti As a Marketing/Business Advisor to TechnoServe/Uganda, Mr. Gasparotti led the effort to establish the Nile Produce Trading Company. The NPTC is a for-profit, limited-liability company that collects, processes and markets the produce that it purchases from thousands of poor, small-scale farmers located throughout Uganda's Arua, Nebbi and Apac Districts. Here, Mr. Gasparotti discusses TechnoServe's work in Uganda and the prospects for the country's agricultural sector: "Agriculture is the most important sector of Uganda's economy and accounts for 42% of its gross domestic product, 63% of its exports, and provides employment for nearly 90% of the country's work force. Uganda is also a bountiful country, with vast expanses of underdeveloped land and a large labor force. And unlike many African nations, Uganda has seasonal rainfall, a temperate climate and fertile soil, which means that certain crops can be harvested twice a year. "This should create an attractive setting for investors, for regional and international importers, and for agribusiness and food-processing companies. And the Ugandan government is eager to expand its agricultural sector and capitalize on its great potential to create economic growth and jobs in this very poor country. But because of Uganda's past history, it is difficult to overcome the perception of many that it is a dangerous, unstable or difficult country in which to do business.

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