1. African Skies 4 - Advances In Space Weather Monitoring: Implications For Life On Advances in space weather monitoring implications for life on earth.SO Ogunade. Department of Physics Obafemi Awolowo University http://www.saao.ac.za/~wgssa/as4/ogunade.html

Advances in space weather monitoring: implications for life on earth S.O. Ogunade Department of Physics Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria sogunade@oauife.edu.ng Abstract . The planet Earth is unique in the solar system as the only planet supporting the existence of life. Space as the medium connecting the solar system has weather whose variations have tremendous consequences for life on Earth. In the early fifties only a few countries monitored space weather from ground-based observatories. Recently the study of the origin, propagation and impact of a space weather event was carried out by 20 spacecraft owned by 12 countries, and by 30 ground-based observatories. The advances in space weather monitoring and the resultant ability to predict and prepare for the violent perturbations to the near-Earth space environment are examined in the light of the disruption of life-supporting technological systems on Earth. Sommaire 1. Introduction The 150 million kilometres of space between the Sun and the Earth's orbit, which the solar wind traverses in 30 hours, provides ample room to position several space weather stations for monitoring the solar wind. The stations should contribute data about the origin, development and propagation of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which is the largest single information gap in space weather monitoring system. The level of disturbance in the geomagnetic field serves as a convenient proxy that characterizes the level of disturbance of the near-Earth space environment, namely, the magnetosphere and the ionosphere. Extraordinary levels of geomagnetic disturbances known as ``magnetic storms'' characterize sp-ace weather. Magnetic storms denote variations in the Earth's magnetic field intensity, which may be as large as the several percent of the undisturbed value measured at the Earth's surface. Particle, electromagnetic, and ionospheric disturbances resulting from solar storms, coronal mass ejections, fast solar wind streams and ionospheric instabilities pose several costly hazards.

2. SSEC - Images And Data weather Data Lost in space. James Glave Page 1 of 1 station, which provides flightplanning information and monitoring to general aviators and private pilots, was http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/data

SSEC Galleries Software Research Images and Data Directory of images and data at SSEC Real-Time Satellite Images Real-Time Products Other Data and Resources SSEC Data Center Provides access, maintenance and distribution of real-time and archive weather and satellite data. Real-Time Satellite Images Top of page Geostationary weather satellite images GOES (North and South America), Meteosat (Europe and Africa) , GMS (Asia and Australia) Geostationary Satellite Image Browser Web page interface for viewing GOES, GMS, and Meteosat satellite pictures and movies in multiple image channels and more GOES US Full Resolution Visible Image Browser Full resolution, real-time GOES East/West composite satellite image web page interface with zoom and animation features Polar orbiting weather satellite images Continental U.S. TERRA MODIS (MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) pictures and movies Satellite composite images including the SSEC Global Montage, Rotating Globe movie, and Antarctic composite Real-Time Products Top of page Antarctic images, movies, and weather data

3. Chinese Scientists Ensure Weather Monitoring For Space Programs Wednesday, March 28, 2001, updated at 1215(GMT+8). SciEdu, ChineseScientists Ensure weather monitoring for space Programs. Chinese http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/english/200103/28/eng20010328_66214.html

Help Sitemap Archive Advanced Search ... PHOTO GALLERY INTERACTIVE Message Board Feedback Voice of Readers China Quiz ... Employment MIRROR U.S. Mirror Japan Mirror Tech-Net Mirror Edu-Net Mirror Wednesday, March 28, 2001, updated at 12:15(GMT+8) Sci-Edu Chinese Scientists Ensure Weather Monitoring for Space Programs Chinese scientists have gained accurate technology for monitoring the weather, setting a solid ground for the country's space programs and other scientific experiments. Sources show that the country's weather monitoring ability has witnessed a strategic transition and is becoming more advanced and efficient. So far scientists have set up many automatic devices for weather monitoring systems such as an early-warning system for monitoring the electric field in the atmosphere, a radar system for monitoring winds and rains, and a ship-based satellite remote sensing image receiving and treating system. The weather monitoring system has offered indispensable services for about one hundred successful space flights in the past five years. The country has trained a professional team composed of various personnel for the drive.

4. African Skies - Cieux Africains - No. 4 Advances in space weather monitoring Implications for Life on EarthSO Ogunade; Geomagnetic Variations in the Ionosphere FN Okeke; http://www.saao.ac.za/~wgssa/as4/as4.html

African Skies Cieux Africains No. 4 ISSN 1027-8389 December 1999 The dome of the 1.9-m telescope at Kottamia Observatory in Egypt In this Issue : Kottamia Telescope Upgrade - Pulsar Glitches Space Science Education in Africa - Satellite Tracking Abu Simbel Radio Telescope Project - Space Weather Contents Editorial F.R. Querci News / Nouvelles Sun, Sand and Stars Abu Simbel Radio Telescope Project M.A. Mosalam Shaltout Artificial Satellite Tracking (Part II) G. Roberts Basic Space Science Education and Research in Zambia Promoting Space Science Education in Africa: Practical Initiatives M.G. Iziomon The MARKSHOD Egyptian Drill Project M.A. Mosalam Shaltout Advances in Space Weather Monitoring: Implications for Life on Earth S.O. Ogunade Geomagnetic Variations in the Ionosphere F.N. Okeke The Space Research Centre, University of Nigeria, Nsukka P.N. Okeke Radio Pulsar Glitch Studies H. Touma H. Touma Online Language Translator Acknowledgements The production of this issue of African Skies/Cieux Africains A great number of individuals assisted in some way in the production of this issue of African Skies/Cieux Africains . In particular we would like to express our gratitude to Ms D. Cooper, Mr C. Jacobs, Prof. A. Hughes, Mr W.P. Koorts, Dr. M. Marcelin and Prof. P. Spargo.

5. Space Weather Monitoring At 12 GHz space weather monitoring at 12 GHz. Project Team Urpo, Puhakka, Oinaskallio Anew radio telescope system with an 1.8 meter diameter dish was constructed. http://kurp-www.hut.fi/publications/annual/00/node34.html

Next: HRDL for Alpha Magnetic Up: Solar Research Previous: Solar Polar Features at Contents Space Weather Monitoring at 12 GHz Project Team: Urpo , Puhakka, Oinaskallio A new radio telescope system with an 1.8 meter diameter dish was constructed. It is used to continuous monitoring of solar radiation at 12 GHz. The beamwidth of the telescope is so wide that whole solar disk is covered. All solar radio events starting from intensities of a few Solar Flux Units will be detected. Experimental operation started in August 2000 and continued to the end of the year. About 30 strong events were measured in addition to numerous small events. Ari Mujunen 2001-07-30

6. V00 Solar Polar Features at mmWaves; space weather monitoring at 12 GHz.HRDL for Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS); Radio Spectroscopy http://kurp-www.hut.fi/publications/annual/00/Metsahovi00.html

Next: Contents Contents Espoo 2001 Annual Report 2000 S. Urpo, A. Mujunen (editors) Helsinki University of Technology Director: Dr. Seppo Urpo Tel. +358-9-2564 417 Email: Seppo.Urpo@hut.fi Secretary: Ms. Solveig Hurtta Tel. +358-9-2564 831 Email: Solveig.Hurtta@hut.fi Helsinki University of Technology P.O. Box 3000 FIN-02015 HUT Finland Teknillinen korkeakoulu ISSN 1455-9579 Contents List of Figures Introduction Research Activities ... About this document ... Ari Mujunen 2001-07-30

7. Optical Monitoring Of Space Weather From Low Earth Orbit OPTICAL monitoring OF space weather FROM LOW EARTH ORBIT AN APPLICATION OF DISASTER . monitoring AND PREVENTION. Larry J. Paxton and Ching I. Meng. http://ltpwww.gsfc.nasa.gov/ISSSR-95/opticalm.htm

OPTICAL MONITORING OF SPACE WEATHER FROM LOW EARTH ORBIT: AN APPLICATION OF "DISASTER" MONITORING AND PREVENTION Larry J. Paxton and Ching I. Meng The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Laurel, Maryland, USA The monitoring system we describe is the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager (SSUSI) which will fly on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Block 5D-3 spacecraft. SSUSI is a hyperspectral imager which images a 5000 km swath of the earth in the far ultraviolet (0.115 microns to 0.180 microns) in the cross-track direction as it travels around the Earth in a sun-synchronous near-polar orbit at 830 km altitude. SSUSI monitors the composition and structure of the upper atmosphere and the ionosphere, as well as the auroral energetic particle inputs. This data can be used to provide warnings and alerts to user community.

8. Chinese Scientists Ensure Weather Monitoring For Space Programs Chinese Scientists Ensure weather monitoring for space Programs. Chinesescientists have gained accurate technology for monitoring http://fpeng.peopledaily.com.cn/english/200103/28/print20010328_66214.html

Chinese Scientists Ensure Weather Monitoring for Space Programs Chinese scientists have gained accurate technology for monitoring the weather, setting a solid ground for the country's space programs and other scientific experiments. Sources show that the country's weather monitoring ability has witnessed a strategic transition and is becoming more advanced and efficient. So far scientists have set up many automatic devices for weather monitoring systems such as an early-warning system for monitoring the electric field in the atmosphere, a radar system for monitoring winds and rains, and a ship-based satellite remote sensing image receiving and treating system. The weather monitoring system has offered indispensable services for about one hundred successful space flights in the past five years. The country has trained a professional team composed of various personnel for the drive. People's Daily Online - http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/

9. NASA Plans An Orbiting Radar To Forecast Space Weather Provides gauges of the wind's velocity, temperature, pressure and density, a ranking of its severity (Active, Disturbed, Quiet), and a forecast. space weather. For solar wind dials without any explanatory text, Current space weather Status. This "stoplight" shows the more severe of the following three gauges of space weather http://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ast29oct98_1.htm

Space Science News home The Weatherman in Space NASA plans an orbiting radar to forecast space weather October 29, 1998 O ver the past few years, TV audiences have become accustomed to weathermen showing them radar pictures of storms marching across the viewing area. In a little more than a year, space scientists hope they'll be able to do the same as space storms hit the Earth's magnetosphere. IMAGE - the Imager for Magnetosphere-to-Aurora Global Exploration spacecraft - scheduled for launch in 2000, will carry several instruments to paint pictures of the heretofore invisible regions of the inner magnetosphere. Space "storms," seen on the ground as aurorae, or the northern and southern lights, can disrupt satellite communications, power grids, and even telephone conversations. The storms' source is in the magnetosphere - a vast and complex region encompassing Earth - where the solar wind interacts with Earth's magnetic field. A region of inner magnetosphere, the plasmasphere, consists of relatively dense ionized gas which rotates with the Earth. See and hear what solar storms can do to us on Earth ! Video produced by the American Institute of Physics "Inside Science."

10. Space Weather Monitoring Network Under Construction China has begun construction of a weather monitoring network for space, dozensto thousands of km away from the earth in order to provide accurate weather http://dawning.iist.unu.edu/china/bjreview/98Nov/bjr98-45-36.html

Space Weather Monitoring Network Under Construction China has begun construction of a weather monitoring network for space, dozens to thousands of km away from the earth in order to provide accurate weather forecasting for global satellite launching, manned spacecraft, astronaut's walking in space, and airplane and ship navigation. "The monitoring network will forecast solar storms, geomagnetic storms and electromagnetic radiation caused by solar activities, so as to prevent the breakdown of satellites, inaccurate navigation positions, and loss of communications,'' said Wei Fengsi, research fellow of the Space Science and Application Center under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, who is responsible for the project. As part of the country's space weather forecast plans, China will construct ground observation stations for the eastern hemisphere's space environment along 120 degrees east longitude in the coming five years, according to Wei. They will then be connected with the monitoring facilities constructed by the United States and Canada along 60 degrees west longitude. The two networks will eventually form a monitoring circle surrounding the earth and provide 24-hour space weather forecasting. China has completed 20 space environment monitoring ground stations and seven related laboratories along the 120 degrees east longtitute meridian line. In 2003, China will launch a solar telescope that is jointly manufactured by China and Germany at the cost of 500 million yuan into space. It is said that the telescope will be able to predict the impact of solar activities upon earth (activities which lead to natural disasters) and their impact on communications facilities.

11. Information About The Space Environment Center techniques continue to improve the accuracy of SEC's data, and new data sets areconstantly being added to improve space weather monitoring and analysis. http://www.sel.noaa.gov/sec.html

Space Environment Center The Space Environment Center (SEC) provides real-time monitoring and forecasting of solar and geophysical events, conducts research in solar-terrestrial physics, and develops techniques for forecasting solar and geophysical disturbances. SEC's parent organization is the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). SEC is in the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) and one of NOAA's 8 National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). SEC's Space Weather Operations is jointly operated by NOAA and the U.S. Air Force and is the national and world warning center for disturbances that can affect people and equipment working in the space environment. SEC's research scientists, working toward a better under-standing of the Sun-Earth connection, study the Sun's electromagnetic, particle, and magnetic-field emissions and the processes by which they affect Earth's space environment. New instruments and observing techniques continue to improve the accuracy of SEC's data, and new data sets are constantly being added to improve space weather monitoring and analysis. Because some of these data sets come from satellite observations, SEC takes a leading role in advocating and designing new data systems that will fly on government satellites. SPACE WEATHER OPERATIONS SEC's Space Weather Operations branch (SWO) is the national and world warning center for disturbances that can affect people and equipment working in the space environment. Jointly operated by NOAA and the U.S. Air Force, SWO provides forecasts and warnings of solar and geomagnetic activity to users in government, industry, and the private sector.

12. SEC FY00 1st Quarter Milestone These images will enable new research and development activities that willlead to improved space weather monitoring and predictive capabilities. http://www.sel.noaa.gov/ProgramsPlans/3Q_FY00.html

SEC FY00 3rd Quarter Milestones Acquisition of IMAGE data enables advanced research leading to advanced ionospheric and magnetospheric predictive capabilities Incorporation of NOAA Continuously Operating Reference Stations Total Electron Content data into the SEC/NSWP Observation Suite Acquisition of IMAGE data enables advanced research leading to advanced ionospheric and magnetospheric predictive capabilities Purpose: An important goal is to provide, for the first time, real-time images of northern hemisphere auroral activity, a measure of the space weather disturbance level and of the direct coupling of solar wind energy into Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere. A second goal has been to further enhance our collaborations with NASA, universities, and our international partners to enable the real-time acquisition and testing of new capabilities from research satellites. These efforts are developing a foundation that should lead to a more regular and substantial process for testing the operational value of research measurements. Efforts: Customers: The real-time images provide a snapshot of the auroral disturbances that affect high-latitude electrical power distribution, high-latitude communication, and the storage and release of energy responsible for enhancing the inner magnetospheric particle populations that affect satellites and human activity in space. In addition, these images can provide an exciting real-time view of the aurora for the general public. Through further research and the use of these images by space weather forecasters, we will improve our ability to utilize images of the magnetosphere and ionosphere for operational space weather support, and be able to provide advice on future operational instruments.

13. Weather & Global Monitoring weather global monitoring. Oregon State University Atmospheric Science weather Information;Centre for Oceanography. Terrestrial, Solar and space Services space http://www.csu.edu.au/weather/weather1.html

Charles Sturt University Current weather satellite images, including Japanese Meteorological Agency Conditions of Use Antarctica Antarctica Weather reports and forecasts Australia (Bureau of Meteorology Website) Canada The Weather Underground Telnet to the Weather Underground ... Marine Weather Australian environment: The Long Paddock - Climate (El Nino) Information for Australian Agriculture Greenness Index for Australia using NDVI Frequently asked questions Hurricanes, Typhoons and Tropical Cyclones Climate Change Related information Other Weather and Climate Services Global Change Master Directory Global Warming International Centre Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society - Sydney Centre Atmospheric Science at Macquarie University ... National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , including National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Data Archive ... WWW Virtual Library: Oceanography Terrestrial, Solar and Space Services Space Telescope Electronic Information Service Hubble Space Telescope's Observations The Nine Planets - A Multimedia Tour of the Solar System IPS Radio and Space Services ... Space Science and Engineering Center, U. of Wisconsin-Madison

14. Weather & Global Monitoring weather Global monitoring. Oregon State University Atmospheric Science weatherInformation; Centre for Terrestrial, Solar and space Services space Telescope http://www.csu.edu.au/weather/

Charles Sturt University Current weather satellite images, including Australia - James Cook University CUMetsat GMS weather images Weather reports and forecasts Australia (Bureau of Meteorology Website) Canada The Weather Underground Marine Weather Australian environment: The Long Paddock - Climate (El Nino) Information for Australian Agriculture Greenness Index for Australia using NDVI Frequently asked questions Hurricanes, Typhoons and Tropical Cyclones Climate Change Related information Other Weather and Climate Services Global Change Master Directory Global Warming International Centre Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society - Sydney Centre Atmospheric Science at Macquarie University ... National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , including National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Data Archive ... WWW Virtual Library: Oceanography Terrestrial, Solar and Space Services Space Telescope Electronic Information Service Hubble Space Telescope's Observations The Nine Planets - A Multimedia Tour of the Solar System IPS Radio and Space Services ... WWW Virtual Library: Geophysics Earthquakes incident.com - a map interface to Earthquake information

15. SPECIAL: Report On EGS 2000 Space Weather Session Earth's weather N. Jakowski et al. TEC monitoring by GPS a Possible Contributionto space weather monitoring (Poster) - Prediction Capabilities I. Finch et http://www.sgo.fi/SPECIAL/Contributions/SW-EGS.html

From the Space Weather Euro News (SWEN), Vol.4 Issue 10. Received: 2000-05-15

16. Space Weather Forcasters Monitoring Severe Solar Storm Air Force News Archive, More AF News. space weather forcasters monitoring severesolar storm The Nov. space weather forcasters monitoring severe solar storm. http://www.af.mil/news/Nov2000/n20001114_001698.shtml

Air Force News Archive More AF News The Nov. 8 eruption of the sun as seen in this coronagraph image, which allows analyzers to view the outer portion of the sun's environment. (Courtesy photo) Space weather forcasters monitoring severe solar storm by Paige Rowland Air Force Weather Agency Public Affairs OFFUTT AIR FORCE BASE, Neb. (AFPN) Space weather forecasters at the 55th Space Weather Squadron, Schriever Air Force Base, Colo., are monitoring a severe solar radiation storm that is effecting some satellite operations. "A flare erupted from the sun (Nov. 8)," said Tech. Sgt. Robert Joyce, crew chief and space weather forecaster. "This event was so energetic that many of our sensing instruments were saturated moments after the flare erupted." A number of space weather forecast products, including an initial warning, were sent to various Department of Defense agencies. "We issued a space weather advisory three minutes after we recorded the burst," Joyce said. "Since the onset, updated products have been sent out every three hours." Capt. Kelly Law, a space weather officer here said there are typically three types of phenomena associated with flares of the sun. Light energy reaches Earth instantaneously and can impact high frequency communications. Next, high energy particles, called protons, reach Earth within minutes to hours and can damage satellites, increase radiation in higher altitudes and cause communication outages in the polar caps. Finally, lower energy particles, or electrons, reach Earth hours or days after the flare and cause geomagnetic storming and the aurora borealis.

17. 404 Not Found The latter predictions are based on a spaceweather monitoring system either by ground-baseddevices or satellites watching the space-weather conditions around http://www.fmi.fi/weather/faq_5.html

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18. NOAA Education - Coolsites For Everyone ( Satellites And Space ) ocean dynamics research, volcanic eruption monitoring, forest fire floods, ice, oilspills, severe weather, snow, and can see the earth from space and track http://www.education.noaa.gov/cspace.html

HOME Coolsites for Everyone SATELLITES NOAA's Satellites - NOAA operates the nation's system of environmental (weather) satellites and manages the processing and distribution of the millions of bits of data and images that these satellites produce daily. The primary customer of satellite information is NOAA's National Weather Service, which uses the data to create forecasts for the public, television, radio, and weather advisory services. There are two types of satellites: the geostationary operational environmental satellites (GOES) for short-range warning and "now-casting". Click here to go to the NOAA page on geostationary satellites. Polar-orbiting satellites are used for longer-term forecasting. Click here to learn more about the polar orbiting satellites. Both types of satellites are necessary for providing complete global weather monitoring. Geostationary Satellites GOES satellites provide the kind of continuous monitoring necessary for intensive data analysis. They circle the Earth in a geosynchronous orbit, which means they orbit the equatorial plane of the Earth at a speed matching the Earth's rotation. This allows them to hover continuously over one position on the surface. Because they stay above a fixed spot on the surface, they provide a constant vigil for the atmospheric "triggers" for severe weather conditions such as tornadoes, flash floods, hail storms, and hurricanes. www.oso.noaa.gov/goes/index.htm

19. NOAA Education - Specially For Teachers ( Satellites And Space ) and humidity, ocean dynamics research, volcanic eruption monitoring, forest fire someof the more important weather and environmental THE space ENVIRONMENT. http://www.education.noaa.gov/tspace.html

HOME Specially for Teachers These items are designed for the teacher to use in the classroom or as background reference material. There is also information about programs that provide training and other opportunities for educators. SATELLITES NOAA's Satellites - NOAA operates the nation's system of environmental (weather) satellites and manages the processing and distribution of the millions of bits of data and images that these satellites produce daily. The primary customer of satellite information is NOAA's National Weather Service, which uses the data to create forecasts for the public, television, radio, and weather advisory services. There are two types of satellites: the geostationary operational environmental satellites (GOES) for short-range warning and "now-casting". Click here to go to the main NOAA page on geostationary satellites. Polar-orbiting satellites are used for longer-term forecasting. Click here to learn more about the polar orbiting satellites. Both types of satellites are necessary for providing complete global weather monitoring. Geostationary Satellites GOES satellites provide the kind of continuous monitoring necessary for intensive data analysis. They circle the Earth in a geosynchronous orbit, which means they orbit the equatorial plane of the Earth at a speed matching the Earth's rotation. This allows them to hover continuously over one position on the surface. Because they stay above a fixed spot on the surface, they provide a constant vigil for the atmospheric "triggers" for severe weather conditions such as tornadoes, flash floods, hail storms, and hurricanes.

20. STD Aurora Monitor Software Homepage Advanced Auroral Activity and space weather monitoring Software. *NEW*Software SWIM The World's Most Advanced space weather Software http://www.spacew.com/aurora/

Advanced Auroral Activity and Space Weather Monitoring Software *NEW* Software: SWIM - The World's Most Advanced Space Weather Software System Monitor your local weather (cloud) conditions and solar activity as well ! All in real-time ! of the old Version 2.0 STD Aurora Monitor Software Download the Trial Version Now Available on CD-ROM ORDER FORM for the STD Aurora Monitor ... Reseller Information Version 3.0 List of Features: Interface and Support for an extensive and elaborate Solar and Space Weather Digital SMS Service, so you can stay informed of conditions while away from your computer using your digital SMS capable cell phone or pager. Select from over 22 different types of SMS services ranging from notification of x-ray solar flare activity to newly reported auroral activity sightings - all available in real-time. Remote control of your SMS service is also possible while you are in the field! Over 25 new types of internet resources are now tracked and maintained, bringing the total number of tracked internet resources to over 88. New POLAR spacecraft PIXIE image support of auroral x-ray activity.

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