1. World Cultures Habarino!) Rashaida Samburu San (Namibia) Tuareg (Sahara) wodaabe. Other african Sites Library african Studies indigenous peoples Rights Question in africa african Experience of http://www.indigenouspeople.net/world.htm

Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania Indigenous Peoples of Europe Basque Nation Putting Minority Languages on the Map! (GeoNative - Ongi etorri GeoNative gunera!) Buber's Basque Page (Buberen Euskal Orrialdera) European Islands (England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, etc,) Gaelic Peoples (Eire, the Isle of Man, and Scotland) Latvia/Livonia (Li'vzeme) Romani (Tsigani/Cigano/Zigeuner/Gypsies) Russia (50+ Indigenous Groups) Chukchi Even Udegeh Saami of Scandanavia Norway ... Finland , and Russia Indigenous Peoples of Africa Authentic African Art Ba-Benjelle Pygmies (Central Africa) Bantu Languages ... Wodaabe Other African Sites Africa-Net African Documents African National Congress African National Congress FTP ... Indigenous Peoples Rights Question in Africa Indigenous Peoples of Asia/Middle East Ainu (Japan) Arabic Literature Azerbaijani (Azerbaijan) Bajau (Philippines) Bakhtiari (Iran) Bedouin Kafir/Nuristanis (Pakistan) Kazakhs (Mongolia) Kurds (Kurdistan) Labakhis (Tibet/Bhutan) Kalash Literature "Brargini, doy tazim"

2. Nuova Pagina 1 San (Namibia). Tuareg (Sahara). wodaabe. africaNet. african Documents Virtual Library african Studies. indigenous peoples Rights Question in africa. Native peoples of Oceania http://www.geocities.com/liberaterra

3. Africa Draft A study of the wodaabe Pastoral Fulani of Western in Meillassoux (ed.), The Developmentof indigenous Trade and Mair, L., peoples of africa, chapters 5, 10 http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/Courses/SE512/Preceeding_Years/se5121999.html

AFRICAN SOCIETIES Michaelmas and Lent Terms Course Convenor: Room: Eliot Extension L31 Dr David Zeitlyn Email d.zeitlyn@ukc.ac.uk Telephone extension: 3360 Other Teachers: Room: Eliot Extension L41 Dr. N I Lovell Email n.i.lovell@ukc.ac.uk Telephone extension: 7845 Location of Lecture: DLT2 (Monday 2.00 p.m.) Location of Seminar: DLT2 (Monday 3.00 p.m.) Number Registered for Course : max 40 Email list for Course : af-anth@ukc.ac.uk Assessment Procedure : You will be assessed by a combination of two essays, a bibliography on one of the topics covered and contributions to the course email list. At the end, a three hour examination is held. Essays etc contribute 10% of all marks, the examination 90%. You must make at least four contributions to the email list which include at least two article summaries (but not including essays and the bibliography which should not be sent to the list). Assignment Requirements : Essays need to be of at least 2000 words, not more than 3000 in length and must be typed Deadlines for Assignments Essays must be handed in to the Departmental Office, L46 Eliot Extension and a receipt obtained as follows: first essay on 18 December 1998 by 3.00 p.m.

4. INDIGENOUS PEOPLES Rashaida Samburu San (Namibia) Tuareg (Sahara) wodaabe. Library african Studies IndigenousPeoples Rights Question in africa african Experience of God http://www.smc.qld.edu.au/indilink.htm

INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE WORLD GENERAL CENTRE FOR WORLD INDIGENOUS STUDIES AUSTRALIA Australia Maps (Magellan) WWW Virtual Library: Aboriginal Studies Koori Net The Term "Koori" ... DESERT DREAM AOTEAROA (New Zealand) MAORI COM TE PUNI KOKIRI: MINISTRY OF DEVELOPMENT ASIA INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF ASIA THE KAREN PEOPLE AINU (Japan) THE PACIFIC POLYNESIAN CULTURAL CENTRE PACIFIC ISLANDS INTERNET RESOURCE TAHITI WEB THE COOK ISLANDS THE AMERICAS SEE NATIVE AMERICAN LINKS PAGE ON OUR SITE THE NATIVE AMERICAN ADVENTURE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN MAYA CIVILIZATION - PAST AND PRESENT THE ARCTIC PEOPLE OF THE ARCTIC CIRCLE AFRICA African Art - Aesthetics and Meanings Authentic African Art Ba-Benjelle Pygmies (Central Africa) Bantu Languages ... Wodaabe Other African Sites Africa-Net African Documents African National Congress African Networking (Rhodes University, South Africa) ... African Experience of God through the eyes of an Akan Woman Site created and maintained by with assistance from colleagues and students of St. Mary's Community.

5. WWF-Pakistan PEOPLE-WOMEN-INDIGENOUS PEOPLES In South africa , for instance, where President Mandela’s of the UN Decade of IndigenousPeoples, looks at Title The wodaabe Kalasha The Rites of Spring http://www.wwfpak.org/tv-catalogpeople.htm

TV Home Video Clips Video Catalog Film Festival ... Contact us PEOPLE/WOMEN/INDIGENOUS PEOPLES Title: Highway to Hidden Valleys Year: 1992 Produced by: Paul Cleary Production Company: Farthes North Productions Duration: 52’ Country: Pakistan Language: English Type/Format: U- matic /VHS When China and Pakistan cemented their strategic alliance in the early 1970s by building the Karakoram Highway , centuries of isolation in the valleys of northern Pakistan were shattered. Ruled for decades by the feudal Mirs or princes, the people had always survived by a precarious agricultural system. But with the abolition of the Mirs ’ powers in 1972, this fragile infrastructure began to disintegrate. The Aga Khan Rural Support Programme , started in 1983, has helped to establish over 2000 village organisations to oversee new projects from irrigation to food preservation and women’s education. But, as Paul Cleary’s exquisitely shot film makes clear, progress has also brought tension. The road is exacting demands from the people of

6. Africa (tw6)(afr1Page1) Tribal World Books for books on the tribal art of the indigenous peoples of africa. africa Page 1 of 3 NOMADS OF NIGER. The wodaabe in subSaharan africa. BNo. 0-00-216370-5. arts of tribal peoples of North America, africa, and the South http://www.tribalworldbooks.com.au/afr1Page1.html

Africa Page 1 of 3 Feature book of the Month Kuper , Hilda. THE SWAZI . A South African Kingdom (See Page Two for more detail) Abbate , Francesco (ed). AFRICAN ART AND OCEANIC ART . An overview of tribal art from six African and Oceanic stylistic groups. BNo. 7064-0064-X. First Edition, 1972. Pp: 158; 190mm x 130mm; 0.48kg. 92 col. Bibliography, index of illustrations. A very good copy in dust wrapper. Cvr: vg; dw: vg. Octopus Books Ltd, London, 1972. (This book illustrates masks, figurines, evveryday utensils, jewellery, domestic carvings and objects of magical and mystical significances of both Africa and Oceania.) (Keywords: Tellem, Dogon, Bambara, Ijo, Bakongo, Bamileke, D'Entrecasteaux, Solomon Islands). Book Code: AU Amin KENYA - THE MAGIC LAND . Text by Brian Tetley. BNo. 0-370-31225-2. First Edition, 1988. Pp: 192; 315mm x 240mm; 1.57kg. Num col, 1 map. Introduction. A very good copy in dust wrapper. Cvr: vg; dw: vg. The Bodley Head Ltd, London, 1988. (Colour photography of wildlife parks, mountain ranges, plains and deserts.) (Keywords: Tsavo, Amboseli, Rift

7. IPACC - Regional Information: West Africa The West African indigenous movement consists of the Tuareg, wodaabe and other nomadicSaharan / Sahelian peoples as well as the Ogoni and peoples of http://www.ipacc.org.za/regional/regional.asp?Region=West_Africa

8. The Arts OF Africa, Oceania, And The Native Americas (Cortez, 1999) of all the peoples of africa, Oceania, and the Native Art's Function and the indigenous Voice (Be prepared to The Visual Culture of Nomads wodaabe Fulani of West africa http://lama.kcc.hawaii.edu/external/psiweb/general/Arts_Afr_Oce.html

About Contents Search Comments ... Internet Resources THE ARTS OF AFRICA, OCEANIA, AND THE AND THE NATIVE AMERICAS Art History 060 Dr. Constance Cortez Santa Clara University Department of Art Santa Clara, California Email: ccortez@scu.edu COURSE OBJECTIVES: This is not a survey course. It will not cover all the arts of all the peoples of Africa, Oceania, and the Native Americas. Rather, certain aspects of selected cultural traditions will he examined in order to establish a foundation for advanced upper division study of visual culture in these three areas of the world. In addition to learning about a number of specific cultural groups at particular historical moments, our goal is to understand more fully how art historical and anthropological methodologies, theories, and practices structure our encounters with the cultural materials of Africans, Pacific Islanders, and Native Americans. Art as Technology: The Arts of Africa, Oceania, Native America, SouthernCalifornia (edited by Zena Pearlstone, Beverly Hills: Hillcrest Press, 1989) is available at the student bookstore. All other assigned readings are on reserve at the library. Additionally, there are a number of articles and books that have been placed on reserve in the library for supplementary reading. EVALUATIONS: Student performance will he evaluated on the following Class Participation Paper Topic (date) Exam 1 (date) Exam2(date) Research Paper (date) Exam 3 (date) CLASS PARTICIPATION: You are expected to attend all class sessions and to turn in assignments on the assigned date. 2 points will be deducted for each day after more than 2 absences. This grade is also based on "active listening," that is, listening to what others have to say and offering your own comments and opinions during classroom and group discussions.

9. Indigenous Artwork By Maria Victoria Medina Of U.S.--Images Of Eyes Gallery From Oct 1996 to Jan 1997, Medina's collection of indigenous peoples, drawings andpaintings that explore Spirits of wodaabe (Niger, africa) by Maria http://www.imagesofeyes.com/medina.htm

The internet's only fine art gallery where the focus is on images and paintings of eyes by international artists Artwork by Maria Victoria Medina United States Maria Victoria Medina was born in Medellin, Colombia, on July 20, 1949. The following is her statement about the paintings on display: "Far into the mountains of Colombia, near a crystal clear river with varied colored rocks, flowering trees and birds singing overhead, I played my flute for the universe and the cows that came to drink from the river. The passing from one dimension to another is painful. After all the detailed work of the portrait with its majestic beauty, painting on top makes it necessary to let go. But, when I bring the person back in the ethereal plane, it is pure joy! I am blessed to be able to manifest spiritual meaning in a painting and remind people where we come from, where we are, and what we are. Her work has been exhibited in Colombia and in New York and Florida in the United States. From Oct 1996 to Jan 1997, Medina's collection of

10. OSP Films And Videos Part 2 3 others, masks are shown from africa, Bali, Bolivia David MayburyLewis interviewsthreatened indigenous peoples to discover Travel to the wodaabe tribe of Niger http://www.vmfa.state.va.us/osp/film_videoM1.html

A B C D ... Z Films and Videos: M Mackintosh WA-53 33 min / color / 1968 / AMER / 16mm High school through adult An account of the life and accomplishments of the turn-of-the-century Scottish architect, painter, and designer Charles Rennie Mackintosh who, in his vision of an all-pervasive art, designed everything from buildings and wallpaper to cutlery and furniture. He was a founding member of the “Glasgow Four,” who worked in parallel to the Art Nouveau movement as it developed on the Continent. Made in the Bronx ED-122 30 min / color / 1981 / SUL / 16mm Middle school through adult This is a film about creativity. Filmmaker Susan Fanshel has captured the important moments from an intensive 2-week workshop in dance, music, poetry, and the visual arts that was held for urban community leaders who work with children. Art is presented not as a luxury or a supplementary enrichment program; instead, it is seen as essential to rebuilding the human spirit. This film is a valuable tool for any individual who works with young children. Magdalena Abakanowicz WA-269 9 min / color / 1982 / AFA / 3/4"vc High school through adult In this moving video portrait, Polish-born contemporary sculptor Magdalena Abakanowicz talks about the organic sources of her figurative work. She traces her search for personal forms of expression, leading to the realization that her imagination would not conform to existing movements. “I always had the necessity of dreaming, and of putting these dreams into objects,” she says. “I never tried to reproduce nature, but the forms belong, in a certain way, to nature.” Examples of Abakanowicz’s fiber sculpture and clay work from 1957 to 1982 are shown.

11. Films & Video Recordings On AFRICA David MayburyLewis visits the wodaabe tribe of communism, apartheid in South africa,discrimination in the and the associations of indigenous peoples who seek http://www.info.library.yorku.ca/depts/smil/filmographies/africa.htm

AFRICA Last updated October 2001 The films and videorecordings listed below are owned by York University Libraries and available for academic use by the York University community. Requests for these materials can be made in writing, by telephone, or in person to the 125 Scott Library York University 4700 Keele Street North York, Ontario M3J 1P3 E-Mail: imagelib@yorku.ca Telephone:416-736-2100 ext.33324 Fax:416-736-5838 Fall/Winter Hours: Summer Hours: Please note the following abbreviations: MP : 16mm film VC : VHS videotape VC 3/4 : 3/4" videotape Table of Contents General Algeria Angola Benin ... Zimbabwe GENERAL AFRICA SERIES 52 min. each 1984 RM Arts Prod. 1. DIFFERENT BUT EQUAL VC #1206 and #4494 Traces the early history of the continent noting that some of the world's greatest prehistoric civilizations had their origins in Africa. 2. MASTERING A CONTINENT VC #1207 and #4494 Examines how African farmers created a viable way of life in an often hostile environment. 3. CARAVANS OF GOLD

12. Africa. early white settlement culture and its impact on the indigenous black population inthe culture of the Hide, Sirak, and Mafa peoples of the Way of the wodaabe. http://www.ku.edu/~afs/resources/video.html

1440 Jayhawk Blvd, 9 BaileyHall Lawrence, KS 66045-7574 afs@ku.edu Dr. Peter Ukpokodu, Chair T faculty free of charge. If student groups, individual students and/or non faculty members are interested in checking films and videos, special permission is required from the Chair. Compiled by Kenneth P. Lohrentz Bibliographer for African Studies E-mail: klohrent@ukanvm.cc.ku.edu The videos listed below are located in Ermal Garinger Language Lab (4068 Wescoe Hall)   Africa. Publisher: United States: Home Vision, 1984. Credits: Written and presented by Basil Davidson. Description: 8 programs (57 min. each) on 4 videocassettes. Color on 1/2 in. VHS. English. Summary: Basil Davidson examines the art, history, politics, technology and cultures of various nations on the African continent. Location: Copy 1: African and African-American Studies; Copy 2: Ermal Garinger Language Lab.  Africa Before the Europeans, 100-1500. Publisher: Falls Church, VA: Landmark Films, 1985. Credits: Producer, Nicholas Barton; Network Television/Goldcrest Television. Description: 1 videocassette (26 min.) Color, 1/2 in. VHS.

13. Films And Videos On AFRICA New Vision Media Host David MayburyLewis visits the wodaabe tribe of about the women'smovement and the associations of indigenous peoples who seek http://www.library.yorku.ca/SMIL/subjectguides/Area_Studies/africa.htm

LIBRARY HOME SMIL HOME COLLECTIONS FILMOGRAPHIES ... MUSIC RESOURCES Print this page Library Home Sound and Moving Image Library Subject Guides to Films and Videos Last updated October 2001 The films and videorecordings listed below are owned by York University Libraries and available for academic use by the York University community. Requests for these materials can be made in writing, by telephone, or in person to the 125 Scott Library York University 4700 Keele Street North York, Ontario M3J 1P3 E-Mail: imagelib@yorku.ca Telephone:416-736-2100 ext.33324 Fax:416-736-5838 Fall/Winter Hours: Summer Hours: Monday - Thursday 9 am - 9 pm Monday - Thursday 9 am - 7 pm Friday 9 am - 8 pm Friday 9 am - 5 pm noon - 5 pm Closed Weekends Please note the following abbreviations: MP 16mm film VC VHS videotape VC 3/4 3/4" videotape Table of Contents General Algeria Angola Benin ... Zimbabwe GENERAL AFRICA SERIES 52 min. each 1984 RM Arts Prod. 1. DIFFERENT BUT EQUAL VC #1206 and #4494 Traces the early history of the continent noting that some of the world's greatest prehistoric civilizations had their origins in Africa.

14. Untitled and Subsistence Among Fulani Nomads (wodaabe) in Niger. Local Powers and Democracyin africa The Case of on Health and Disease Among indigenous peoples of the http://www.wm.edu/ICAES/program/tuesdaypm.html

TUESDAY AFTERNOON, JULY 28, 1998 28-031 HERITAGE TOURISM Organizer/Chair: KEITH L. JOHNSON (California State University) Empire Ballroom A, Hospitality House KEITH L. JOHNSON (California State University) Searching for the 5-Star Museum: The Tourists' Dilemma MYRA SHACKLEY (Trent University) Preserving a Spirit of Place: Managing Visitors to World Heritage Sites DAVID KEENE (Archaeological Research, Inc.) Heritage Tourism: The Way of the Pilgrim SUSAN TERRIO (Georgetown University) Craft, Gender, and Heritage Tourism PETER BURNS (University of North London) Planning Tourism for Eritrea: Elitist or Brutalist Approach? MARY LALONE (Radford University) Heritage Tourism in Appalachia: Walking the Line Between Academic and Community Perspectives LUCY JAYNE KAMAU (Northeastern Illinois University) Heritage Tourism and Local Culture: The Case of New Harmony, India 28-032 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT THROUGH INDIGENOUS SOCIO-CULTURAL PRACTICES, Part II Organizer/Chair: DEEPAK KUMAR BEHERA (Sambalpur University) Empire Ballroom B, Hospitality House LALIT KUMAR (Planning Commission of New Delhi) Anthropologists and NGOs: Partners in Promoting Indigenous Socio-Cultural Practices L.P. VORSTER (University of South Africa) Indigenous African Medicinal Practices and Resource Management in South Africa: A Legal Practice

15. VADA - Volken Peoples Tribes V - Z wodaabe (Niger, Nigeria)/a . wodaabe Information Zo'é See also indigenous Peoplesin Brazil. Zoque Indians ZULU amaZULU (Zuid Afrika South africa). http://www.vada.nl/volkenvz.htm

VADA - VOLKEREN STAMMEN PEOPLES TRIBES ETHNIC GROUPS V - Z Last update: 10-11-2002 V VAI (Liberia, Sierra Leone) VANDALEN VANDALS (Europa - Europe) VASAVO (Pakistan) VASI (Afghanistan) ... VUMBA (Kenia - Kenya) W WAAMA (Togo) WACCAMAW (Native American, USA) WAGDI (India) WAGGAMAW (Native American, USA) ... WYANDOT (Native American) X XA CAU KHO MU (Vietnam) XA DANG XA DONG XA KHAO XA XUA KHANG (Vietnam) XA LAVANG MANG (Vietnam) XAM HONG CONG (Vietnam) ... XTIENG BU DEC BU LO (Vietnam) Y YAGHNABIS (Rusland - Russia) YAKA (Democratische Republiek Congo - Democratic Republic Congo, Angola) YAKAN (Filipijnen - the Philippines) YAKIMA (Native American, USA) ... YURAK SAMOYEDS (Rusland - Russia) Z ZAORE (Burkina Faso) ZAMUCO SAMUCO (Venezuela) ZAPAROS (Ecuador) ZAPOTECA ZAPOTECS (Mexico) ... ZYRIAN (Rusland - Russia) VAI (Liberia, Sierra Leone) The Vai of Liberia The Vai of Sierra Leone VANDALEN VANDALS (Europa - Europe) De Vandalen Vandalen History of the Balkan Peninsula, Invaders: the Vandals An ABC of Barbarian Tribes: Vandals ... The Vandals VASAVO (Pakistan) The Vasavo of Pakistan VASI (Afghanistan) The Vasi of Nuristan See also: Afghanistan Peoples See also: Afghanistan VEDDA WANNIYALA-AETTO (India) vedda See also: Peoples of India INDIGENOUS PEOPLES in VENEZUELA Les Ethnies de la Grande Amazonie See also: Venezuela VEPS (Rusland - Russia) NUPI: Vepsian Red Book: Veps The Endangered Uralic Peoples - VEPSES See also: Russian Peoples See also: Rusland - Russia VERENIGDE ARABISCHE EMIRATEN: STAMMEN UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: TRIBES

16. Program In African American Culture: Middle Passage compositions Fulani Chant and wodaabe Nights. traditional Yoruba culture of Nigeria,West africa. of africans, Native Americans and other indigenous peoples. http://americanhistory.si.edu/paac/paacmid.htm

The Program in African American Culture National Museum of American History Smithsonian Institution African American History Month Conference MIDDLE PASSAGE: MEMORY, HISTORY, METAPHOR A Symposium and Community Tribute Presented February 3 through February 6, 1999 Lifetime Achievement Awards Program Events Participants ... Acknowledgments Welcome from Spencer R. Crew , Director, National Museum of American History: The National Museum of American History dedicates its collections and scholarship to inspiring a broader understanding of the diverse elements of our national experience. The Museum's Program in African American Culture draws on the resources of the Smithsonian, academia, and the community at large to present engaging participatory programsliving statements of the heritage of African Americans. This year, PAAC's eighteenth annual national African American History Month observance will explore the Atlantic slave trade and its continuing consequences in Africa and the Americas. The institution of slavery has shaped American history and culture. It has etched ideological assumptions about race into this nation's psycheassumptions that continue to shape the U.S. political landscape. Yet slavery is not widely taught and studied. This conference, therefore, is both significant and timely. It provides an important national forum for the growing public inquiry and discourse into slavery as evidenced by recent scholarly publications and conferences, feature films, television documentaries, and news stories. It also provides an opportunity to increase and extend broader public awareness and perception of slavery.

17. OneWorld: Media: Books - Communities in the IT Studies in indigenous Knowledge and family structure of the pastoralists(or wodaabe), their organization peoples of the Horn of africa Somali, Afar http://www.oneworld.org/media/books/communities.html

To speed things up - click on the partner's name and scroll straight to their publications. You can find details of how to order books at the end of each partner's section Commonwealth Broadcasting Association Earthscan Books Intermediate Technology Development Group International African Institute ... Who's Who in Commonwealth Broadcasting Background information on the CBA, Member organisations, broadcasting regulators and mass communication Institutes. Click on the title to find out more. Earthscan are offering OneWorld Online readers 10% discount on any purchase from their catalogue. To qualify for the discount enter their site through the OneWorld link Alternatively, go straight to the: population education and community participation and society listings. Jurema's children in the forest of spirits Healing and ritual among two Brazilian indigenous groups Edited by Clarice Novaes da Mota The colonised native groups of the Kariri and the Shoko of North-eastern Brazil interpret their natural habitat like a history book, and have developed a symbolic language of the forest. They are seeking to maintain and recover their cultural traditions as a strategy for cultural and economic survival. This indepth study examines a number of levels: indigenous knowledge and healing systems and how these have incorporated elements from other cultures, the practical uses of local medicinal plants, and the relationship between the environment and the belief system, and how this strengthens ethnic identity and supports economic and political strategies for survival. It also explores contrasts between the two groups.

18. MOTHERLAND NIGERIA: PEOPLES (by Boomie O.) People and Culture, in Nigeria peoples. SITE AWARDS. JOBS IN NIGERIA BEYOND NATIONAL PLEDGE. MOTTO. peoples. POPULATION. RELIGION. CHRISTIANITY IFA The indigenous Faith of africa. Yoruba Nigerian Galleria http://www.motherlandnigeria.com/people.html

PEOPLES SITE AWARDS NIGERIAN ORGANIZATIONS SEND FREE WEBCARD IMMIGRATION ... SCAM INFORMATION TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRO THE GEOGRAPHY LOCATION MAP RIVERS PATRIOTIC STUFF FLAG COAT OF ARMS NATIONAL ANTHEM NATIONAL PLEDGE MOTTO PEOPLES POPULATION RELIGION -CHRISTIANITY -ISLAM -TRADITIONAL -INFLUENCE ETHNIC GROUPS -YORUBA -IBO (or IGBO) -OTHERS LANGUAGES -YORUBA ALPHABET -HAUSA ALPHABET -LINKS TO OTHERS LANGUAGE RESOURCES -GENERAL RESOURCES -YORUBA RESOURCES -IBO RESOURCES -HAUSA RESOURCES -OTHERS MORE ON LANGUAGES -NUMBERS -PEOPLE -BODY PARTS -HOUSE PARTS -PLACES -OTHER WORDS ADDITIONAL LANGUAGES YORUBA NAMES -THE NAMING CEREMONY -COMMON PARTS -CIRCUMSTANTIAL NAMES IGBO NAMES HAUSA NAMES LINKS ON NAMES THE WEDDING MARRIAGE TIDBITS FAMILY TIDBITS OTHER SOURCES FOODS AND DRINKS INTRO SOME MEALS SOME DRINKS RECIPES RECIPES LINKS BUYING (ingredients and food) DINING (restaurants) HEALTHCARE TRADITIONAL HEALTH CURRENT HEALTH POLICY INFO FOR TRAVELERS OTHER LINKS HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS EDUCATION SCHOOL LANGUAGES SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOL LEVELS SCHOOL ATTIRE SCHOOL TRANSPORTATION SCHOOL LINKS HOLIDAYS FESTIVALS ATTIRE TRANSPORTATION AIR LAND WATER SPORTS SPORTS PLAYED SPORTS HISTORY RECORDS SPORTS ASSOCIATIONS SITES ON SPORTS THE ARTS ART LITERATURE MEDIA -RADIO -TELEVISION -INTERNET JUJU MUSIC FUJI MUSIC AFRO-BEAT MUSIC OTHER MUSIC TYPES OTHER SITES WITH SAMPLES

19. References The ruralurban interface in africa expansion and adaptation. among the Rendille. Nomadic peoples 12 2-25. study from Kenya. In indigenous knowledge systems and development ed. http://www.ifad.org/gender/thematic/livestock/live_ref.htm

Home about ifad operations Evaluation ... job opportunities What's New Search Contact Us document.write(document.title) approach tools and guidelines studies knowledge notes ... links Abu, K. 1990. Socio-economic study of livestock keeping in the northern region. Draft report for ZOPP project planning workshop, Khartum. GTZ, Eschborn, Germany Abu Bodie, G.J. 1979. The role of Rendille women. IPAL Technical Report F-2, UNESCO/MAB. Adan, A.H. 1988. Adra, N. 1983. Ahmed, A.G.M. 1972. Essays in Sudan Ethnology, Ahmed, A.G.M. 1976. Some aspects of pastoral nomadism in the Sudan. Economic and Social Research Council, Khartoum. Al-Hassny, A. 1983. Allan, W. 1965. The African husbandman. Asad, T. 1970. The Kababish Arabs: Power, authority and consent in a nomadic tribe. New York: Praeger Publ.

20. The Relationship Between Indigenous Pastoralist Resource Tenure And State Tenure as a result pastoralist peoples were frequently mutually beneficial relationship betweenindigenous pastoralist resource to land among the wodaabe (Fulani) of http://www.geocities.com/somali_agrecons/03.htm

(Dordrecht, Netherlands.) GeoJournal , V 36(1), pp.19-26. (May 1995) Reprinted with permission. The Relationship between Indigenous Pastoralist Resource Tenure and state Tenure in Somalia Unruh, Jon D., M.S., University of Arizona, Departrnent of Geography, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA ABSTRACT: Indigenous resource tenure systems in Africa have evolved to meet the constraints and opportunities of often difficult biophysical environments, while facilitating the operation of complex spatial and temporal land use patterns. Traditional systems provide; security of tenure in culturally relevant ways that permit adaptation to new circumstances. On the other hand imposed tenure structures in Africa have often not strengthened individual rights and have often blocked indigenous tenure development and adaption in response to new situations. Pastoralists in Africa have in particular been negatively impacted by the imposition of national tenure systems which in many cases have served to marginalize nomadic populations, with repercussions in land degradation, food security, and instability. In Somalia the transient resource rights and resource use arrangements that are critical to transhumant pastoralism were ignored in the formulation of the national tenure regime which favored crop cultivation. The results were increased land degradation, resource use conflicts, declines in pastoral production, and impacts on Somali clan alliances which in many cases regulate rational resource access and use.

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