61. ENDANGERED- Howling Acres wolves were once the most widely distributed mammal in the world, occupyingalmost every habitat except tropical jungles. Worldwide Status of wolves. http://www.howlingacres.org/ENDANGERED/endangered.html

Proud Member of: Grants Pass Chamber of Commerce Grants Pass Visitors Bureau The sad state of wolf extinction demands organizations like Howling Acres. Once a Dominant Mammal. Now on the Verge of Extinction Wolves were once the most widely distributed mammal in the world, occupying almost every habitat except tropical jungles. In North America, the wolf has been exterminated from about 95 percent of its historic range in the United States, about 15 percent of its range in Canada, and all of its range in Mexico. Today the wolf has gone from about 25 percent of its original habitat in Europe and Asia. Human persecution and loss of habitat have restricted wolf populations to the more remote and wild lands of the Earth. From Persecution to Conservation Wolf conservation began in the 1960s with the global environmental movement, and today there is a growing atmosphere of acceptance as never before. Fortunately we know from successes in the western United States that wolves can be re-established and conflicts with humans can be minimized. We also know that where wolves have adequate prey and are protected from persecution, populations can quickly rebound. Increasingly we are faced with a new challenge in wolf conservation: How do we strike a balance between the desire to have wolves with the needs of a diverse and expanding human population?

62. ND Endangered And Threatened Species It is unlawful to kill, harm, or harass endangered species However, there have beendocumented occurrences of gray wolves in North Dakota in 1985, 1990, and 1991 http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/distr/others/nddanger/species/canilupu.htm

North Dakota's Federally Listed Endangered, Threatened, and Candidate Species 1995 Gray Wolf ( Canis lupus Official Status: Endangered Endangered species are species that are in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of their range. It is unlawful to kill, harm, or harass endangered species. Listed: 43 Federal Register 9612; March 9, 1978 (48 conterminous states except Minnesota) Historical Status: The gray wolf had the greatest distribution of any mammal other than man. The gray wolf was historically found throughout North America with the exception of parts of the southwest and southeast United States. In the southeast United States the gray wolf was replaced by the smaller red wolf. The gray wolf was historically present throughout North Dakota where it was known as the Plains wolf, the buffalo wolf, or the lobo wolf. Present Status: The gray wolf is extirpated from the lower 48 states with the exception of Minnesota and small populations in Wisconsin, Michigan, Montana, Idaho, and Washington. However, there have been documented occurrences of gray wolves in North Dakota in 1985, 1990, and 1991(2). There have also been unconfirmed reports of gray wolves in the Turtle Mountains. Habitat: Historically, the gray wolf occupied almost all habitats in North America including the Great Plains. In modern times the gray wolf has been restricted to habitats with low densities of roads and people. Likely habitat for the gray wolf in North Dakota is the forested areas in north-central and north-east North Dakota, however, they may appear anywhere.

63. Endangered And Threatened Species Recovery Program issues were done in conjunction with other endangered species issues in the areasof concern. No mitigation measures were needed to protect wolves, and no http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/distr/others/recoprog/states/species/canilumt

Status of Listed Species and Recovery Plan Development Gray Wolf Canis lupus Endangered Montana Current Status: The only significant threat to wolves in Montana is illegal killing, primarily through shooting. Habitat and prey are ample to support more than the 10 breeding pairs recommended by the recovery plan. Achievements: Since 1990, the Fish and Wildlife Service has conducted several hundred informal section 7 consultations annually in Montana. Consultations concerning timber harvests, oil and gas exploration, mining, road management plans, grazing allotment management, and other issues were done in conjunction with other endangered species issues in the areas of concern. No mitigation measures were needed to protect wolves, and no jeopardy biological opinions have been issued. Current Recovery Needs: Continued educational efforts and wolf control to increase public tolerance for the species are the greatest needs. Partnerships National Park Service, Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and Department of Agriculture's Animal Damage Control Division: The first two agencies have funded research efforts. The Animal Damage Control Division has been involved in all wolf control activities. The Forest Service also is monitoring wolves on various national forests. Also cooperating in these efforts are the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes, The Blackfoot Nation, University of Montana, and Montana Department of Livestock.

64. Wolves In The Upper Great Lakes 1974 wolves were added to Federal endangered Species List. 1974 - 4 wolveswere translocated to Huron Mountain area in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. http://seaborg.nmu.edu/WOLF/3Michwolf_status.html

Michigan DNR Wolf Observation Report Form Wolf Status Attitudes of Residents U.P. Wolf Range ... Regional News Wolf track, near Strawberry Lake, Sands Township, Michigan, June 2002 Photo by Jackie Winkowski. Status of Wolves in Michigan Condensed from materials supplied by the Timber Wolf Alliance, Sigurd Olson Environmental Institute, Northland College, Ashland, WI 54806 Phone (715) 682-1490, e-mail TWA@wheeler.northland.edu Visit the Timber Wolf Alliance at this site Federal Endangered, State Endangered Wolves in Michigan were reclassified under the state Endangered Species Act from endangered to threatened at the state level in June, 2002, although they remain endangered under federal status. A spring 2002 count found an estimated 278 wolves in 50 - 60 packs, scattered among all counties of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. A separate population of gray wolves on Isle Royale National park numbered 17 in the spring of 2002. Though no wolves have been verified in Michigan's lower peninsula, citizens have reported seeing wolves in the northern sections. With continued monitoring, public education and support, Michigan's wolves will continue to rebound. The Upper Peninsula (UP) of Michigan contains 16,500 square miles of land and much of it is favorable wolf habitat. It is estimated that current habitat and prey populations could support as many as 800 wolves.

65. Fish And Wildlife Posters - Endangered Wildlife - Wildlife Prints - Museum Quali freshwater, saltwater Birds feeder birds, hummingbirds, owls, raptors Mammals Reptiles bears, wolves, endangered wildlife, frogs Marine Life sharks http://www.nature-discovery.com/home/nd1/wildlife_posters_prints.html

Home Page Contact Us FAQ Identification Charts Gamefish Birds World of Trout Marine Life ... Mammals/Reptiles Individual Prints Fish Prints Bird Prints Wildlife/Marine Life Trout Mystique Gift Ideas Magnets Keychains Decals Postcards/Mini Prints ... Join our Affiliate Program! Earn money by linking to Nature-Discovery.com! Click here to find out how Our Best Selling Wildlife Posters! See our bestselling prints by the artists Joseph Tomelleri, Larry McQueen, Ron Pittard, Eddie LePage. North American Endangered Wildlife Classic Trout Rainbow Male (Steelhead) Angelfish ... Fish Prints We specialize in fish, bird, and wildlife posters and illustrations. Windsor Nature Discovery is the world's leading publisher of scientifically accurate wildlife identification charts, posters and prints Our product line includes: Gamefish: Birds: Marine Life: We have been helping people identify wildlife species for over 20 years such as Bottlenose Dolphin, Snowy Owl, White-Tailed Deer and Mountain Lion. Mammals and Reptiles Our mammals and reptile posters include North American Endangered Wildlife, North American Wildlife and Wolves Poster, Coyotes and Foxes Poster, North American Bears Poster, Poison Dart Frogs Poster So whether you are an angler, bird enthusiast, whale watcher, conservationist, science instructor or wildlife professional (or the spouse/friend thereof), you will find all the biologically exact

66. Gray Wolves Stockholm. Mech, LD, and SH Fritts. 1987. Parvovirus and heartwormfound in Minnesota wolves. endangered Species Tech. Bull. 12(5 http://biology.usgs.gov/s t/frame/c036.htm

67. SAVE OUR ENDANGERED WOLVES!!!! The US and Mexico wolves are endangered, and the Minnesota wolf packs are makinga slow comeback. But these wild creatures need YOUR help to serve!!! http://members.tripod.com/~WildHorse12/endanger.htm

68. Endangered Species (wolves) UPDATE As of 0404-2002 Defenders of Wildlife needs our help.ASAPBy signing apetition to help keep the wolves protected under the endangered Species Act. http://members.tripod.com/~whitefox4/EndangeredSpeciesindex-3.html

If your browser supports this tag,you should be hearing a midi file called (Knockin On Heavens Door). ~Hello,welcome to Den #2~ When your ready for the other half,click on Endangered Species-#2.Which has the population statistics on wolves,located near bottom of page. The wolf has been one of the most mis-understood and mistreated animals for many decades. It seems to be a never ending battle,for these precious wolves to survive. The wolves have gotten a bad rap many times over. ~ A Cry For Help~ The old wolf story,that wolves attack and kill people,has never been proved of ever happening in North America. They are just a free spirited animal and just want to be able to live their life that way. Without having to look over their shoulder,in fear of being hunted and shot down,for any lame excuse imagineable!! The main reason ranchers claim for killing the wolves,is to keep the wolf away from their farm lands,livestock,etc. But the truth of the matter is,their need to make the wolf their prized trophy. Played a major part in the wolves decline in their population.

69. 3/18/2003~Gray Wolves Move Toward Recovery; USFWS Reclassifies Some Wolves From US Fish Wildlife Service. News Release. March 18, 2003. Gray wolves Move TowardRecovery; USFWS Reclassifies Some wolves from endangered to Threatened, http://news.fws.gov/newsreleases/r5/D6BD51F6-3672-4666-8D6458F9BC6FF90F.html

News Release March 18, 2003 Gray Wolves Move Toward Recovery; USFWS Reclassifies Some Wolves from Endangered to Threatened News Releases Home Page Search the News Releases Contacts (in the Northeast) Michael Amaral 603-223-2541 x23; Diana Weaver 413-253-8329; Paul Nickerson 413-253-8615 A steadily growing gray wolf population in the western Great Lakes states and a highly successful reintroduction program in the northern Rocky Mountains have prompted the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to change the status of gray wolves in these areas from "endangered" to the less serious "threatened" designation under the Endangered Species Act. The reclassification rule, which finalizes an action first proposed by the Service in 2000, also establishes three "Distinct Population Segments" (DPS) for gray wolves under the Endangered Species Act. The three DPSs encompass the entire historic range of the gray wolf in the lower 48 states and Mexico, and correspond to the three areas of the country where there are wolf populations and ongoing recovery activities. "Wolves are coming back, and their new status highlights our progress toward recovering them across their range," said Service Director Steve Williams. "Our action today gives us greater management flexibility for most gray wolf populations as we work toward the next step - removing gray wolf populations from the list of endangered and threatened species."

70. 3/18/2003~Gray Wolves Move Toward Recovery; U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service Recla News Release. March 18, 2003. Gray wolves Move Toward Recovery; US Fish andWildlife Service Reclassifies Some wolves from endangered to Threatened, http://news.fws.gov/newsreleases/r3/9C0C3BD5-EDF5-4B71-B4080AF245256BC9.html

News Release March 18, 2003 Gray Wolves Move Toward Recovery; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Reclassifies Some Wolves from Endangered to Threatened News Releases Home Page Search the News Releases Contacts Ron Refsnider 612-713-5346 Chris Tollefson 202-219-8104 Georgia Parham 812-334-4261 x203 A steadily growing gray wolf population in the western Great Lakes states and a highly successful reintroduction program in the northern Rocky Mountains have prompted the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to change the status of gray wolves in these areas from "endangered" to the less serious "threatened" designation under the Endangered Species Act. The reclassification rule, which finalizes an action first proposed by the Service in 2000, also establishes three "Distinct Population Segments" (DPS) for gray wolves under the Endangered Species Act. The three DPSs encompass the entire historic range of the gray wolf in the lower 48 states and Mexico, and correspond to the three areas of the country where there are wolf populations and ongoing recovery activities. "Wolves are coming back, and their new status highlights our progress toward recovering them across their range," said Service Director Steve Williams. "Our action today gives us greater management flexibility for most gray wolf populations as we work toward the next step - removing gray wolf populations from the list of endangered and threatened species."

71. Gray Wolf Is Removed From Endangered List GRAY wolves MOVE TOWARD RECOVERY; US FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE RECLASSIFIESSOME wolves FROM endangered TO THREATENED A steadily http://northeast.fws.gov/graywolf.html

Gray Wolves Move Toward Recovery "Endangered" Status Lowered to "Threatened" USFWS/Gary Kramer RAY WOLF POPULATIONS ARE COMING BACK. Growing numbers in parts of their range have prompted the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to change the status of gray wolves in these areas from "endangered" to the less serious "threatened" designation under the Endangered Species Act. "Their new status highlights our progress toward recovering them across their range," says U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Director Steve Williams. "Our action ... gives us greater management flexibility for most gray wolf populations as we work toward the next step removing gray wolf populations from the list of endangered and threatened species." "GRAY WOLVES MOVE TOWARD RECOVERY; U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE RECLASSIFIES SOME WOLVES FROM ENDANGERED TO THREATENED "A steadily growing gray wolf population in the western Great Lakes states and a highly successful reintroduction program in the northern Rocky Mountains have prompted the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to change the status of gray wolves in these areas from 'endangered' to the less serious 'threatened' designation under the Endangered Species Act." READ THE NEWS STORY THE GRAY WOLF: WHAT IS IT? WHY IS IT RARE? WHY SHOULD WE BE CONCERNED?

72. ND Endangered Species Gray Wolf Canis lupus. Status endangered. Gray wolves can range incolor from white to black although gray is the predominant color. http://www.npsc.nbs.gov/resource/distr/others/endanger/canilupu.htm

North Dakota's Endangered and Threatened Species Gray Wolf Canis lupus Status: Endangered Gray wolves can range in color from white to black although gray is the predominant color. Mature animals generally weigh from 70-115 ponds compared to the coyote usually weighing less than 35 pounds. The track of the wolf will measure about 5" long whereas a coyote's is about 3" long. The gray wolf had the greatest distribution of any mammal other than man. It was abundant in North Dakota where it was known as the plains wolf. It has been eliminated from the lower 48 states with the exception of small populations in Wisconsin, Michigan, Montana, Idaho, and Washington. All of these wolves live in areas with low densities of roads and people. Most wolves now occupy Alaska, the Northwest Territories, and the Canadian provinces. There have been documented sightings of wolves in North Dakota in 1985, 1990, and 1991. Likely habitat in North Dakota would be the forested areas in the north central part of the state such as the Turtle Mountains where unconfirmed reports have been taken. Gray wolves do not normally breed until they are three years of age. A litter will consist of six pups born in the spring. By October, they will weigh about 60 pounds and travel with the young adults for two years at which time they disperse.

73. RESTORE: Endangered Wildlife: Updates This means giving wolves the “endangered” status protection they deserve,an ecologically sound recovery plan, and the wilderness habitat the species http://www.restore.org/Wildlife/wolfrecovery.html

Wolves Deserve an Ecologically Sound Recovery Plan by Kristin DeBoer July 25, 2000 The good news is that northeastern wolf recovery has finally become a national conservation priority. Eight years ago, RESTORE: The North Woods was the first and only conservation organization to advocate for wolf recovery in the North Woods of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York. At the time, the notion of wolves reinhabiting this part of the world seemed implausible to many people. Since then a wolf recovery movement has blossomed. This kind of management undermines an ecologically sound approach to wolf recovery. Wild wolves should be restored to wild habitat, not treated as if they live in open-air zoos. Wherever there is wild prey, suitable habitat, and public acceptance, wolves should be allowed to roam wild and free. Wolf recovery is not only about ensuring the long-term survival of the species, it is about restoring functional ecosystems that will benefit the full range of wildlife and human communities that depend on them. Moreover, increasingly unstable land ownership raises serious questions about agreements with corporate owners being honored in the future. In just the last two years, five million acres or 25 percent of the state of Maine have changed hands. A wolf recovery plan that relies on the good will of corporate landowners places the long-term viability of the species in shaky hands.

74. EPA: Federal Register: Endangered And Threatened Species Permit Application However, the regulations noted above for endangered wildlife specifically allowthe taking, by either lethal or nonlethal means, of endangered wolves in all http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-SPECIES/2002/January/Day-11/e684.htm

Federal Register Environmental Documents Recent Additions Contact Us Print Version Search: EPA Home Federal Register FR Years FR Months ... and Regulations Endangered and Threatened Species Permit Application peter_fasbender@fws.gov peter_fasbender@fws.gov . Dated: December 28, 2001. Marvin E. Moriarty, Acting Regional Director, Region 3, Fort Snelling, Minnesota. [FR Doc. 02-684 Filed 1-10-02; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4310-55-P EPA Home Privacy and Security Notice Contact Us

75. TOP 10 ENDANGERED NATIONAL PARKS Located where the Rocky Mountains cross the US/Canada border, it is a key wildlifemovement corridor for grizzlies and wolves — endangered species in the US. http://www.cnf.ca/top10/waterton.html

WATERTON LAKES NATIONAL PARK ALBERTA Rick Searle NATURAL WONDERS CAUSES FOR CONCERN Each summer, thousands of tourists descend upon Waterton to enjoy its scenery and wildlife. The wildlife persist by moving out on the adjacent private rangelands, which provide quality wildlife habitat. Ranchers, working with the Nature Conservancy and the Southern Alberta Land Trust Society, have preserved a number of working ranches with conservation easements to ensure that this habitat will continue to be available for wildlife moving outside of the park. However, subdivision developments on the eastern boundary of the park were approved this past year, threatening to raise land prices from their agricultural base. This would raise taxes assessed at market value on adjacent properties and threaten the ranching lifestyle. If these ranches succumb to the economic pressure, a wave of subdivision could close off the area to sensitive wildlife, effectively providing no alternative for them to range at a safe distance from humans. Waterton has quickly become a case study of how events outside the park can undermine the ecological integrity of an open system.

76. June 29, 1998 Gray Wolves Making A Strong Comeback Rocky Mountain wolves are all listed as endangered, but the reintroduced populationis considered an experimental, nonessential population which enables http://www.doi.gov/news/archives/980629.html

77. The BoomerWolf Page - Minnesota Wolves program. 1978 wolves in Minnesota reduced from endangered to threatened.1980 Wolf population estimated to be 1,300 animals. 1984 http://www.boomerwolf.com/minnart.htm

Minnesota is the first state to have to deal with the return of the wolf. What happens in Minnesota will set the tone of how the rest of the United States will treat the wolf. TIME LINE Bounty of $3.00 per wolf is declared by the State of Minnesota. Bounty increased to $15.00 per female wolf, $5.00 per pup and male wolf. Wolf population estimated to be 600 animals. Wolf bounty ends. Minnesota Department of Conservation picks up where bounty killing left off and starts killing wolves. Wolf is declared an endangered species and is protected. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service begins killing wolves as part of a predator control program. Wolves in Minnesota reduced from endangered to threatened. Wolf population estimated to be 1,300 animals. State of Minnesota tries to make wolves a sporting animal so they may be killed by hunters. The state is struck down by environmental group actions.

78. Wolf Song Of Alaska - Wolves In The Upper Midwest Michigan's Upper Peninsula. What is the difference between threatened and endangered status of wolves? endangered means that http://www.wolfsongalaska.org/wolves_upper_midwest_faq.html

Commonly Asked Questions About Wolves in the Upper Midwest Sigurd Olson Environmental Institute / Timber Wolf Alliance / September 2002 Why did wolves disappear? State and federal bounties (no longer in effect), loss of habitat. poaching, car kills, disease, starvation and parasites have all contributed to their decline. Today, thanks largely to protection provided by the 1973 Endangered Species Act, wolf populations have returned and are growing in the Upper Midwest. How did wolves return to the Upper Great Lakes region? Wolves were not "reintroduced" or transplanted in Minnesota, Wisconsin or Michigan from other states or countries, as some believe, although in 1974 an unsuccessful attempt to reintroduce 4 wolves in Michigan's Upper Peninsula from Minnesota occurred. All four were dead within a year. Unlike the reintroduction effort in Yellowstone National Park and central Idaho, wolves of Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan returned on their own. With the protection from the Endangered Species Act, passed in 1973, wolves were allowed to return without legal persecution from humans. Wolves emigrated from Ontario, into Minnesota. From Minnesota, wolves have moved into Wisconsin and Michigan's western Upper Peninsula. Wolves also emigrated from Ontario via the islands adjacent to Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan and moved into the eastern Upper Peninsula. What are the current numbers of wolves and wolf packs in Wisconsin and Michigan?

79. Nature Notes See Endangered Red Wolf Prowl Local Museum Nature Notes See endangered red wolf prowl local museum, Two red wolves, born andraised in captivity, were released in the Alligator River National Wildlife http://www.dailypress.com/features/lifestyle/dp-60574sy0mar16,0,5009518.story?co

80. Biology Faculty At ASU 92 305308. Fredrickson, R. and PW Hedrick. 2001 Effects of captivity and inbreedingon body size in Mexican wolves. endangered Species Update 18 164-166. http://lsvl.la.asu.edu/biology/faculty/hedrick.htm

PHILIP W. HEDRICK Ullman Professor of Biology Ph.D., 1968, University of Minnesota Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics My research focuses on the conservation genetics of endangered species and the genetic bases of evolutionary processes. Recent projects in my laboratory have examined the effects of inbreeding and outbreeding on fitness-related characters in Gila topminnows, Mexican and red wolves, and bighorn sheep. Current projects in the laboratory examine patterns of variation and factors affecting variability at major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and microsatellite loci. The MHC, whose genes are involved in immune response, are the most polymorphic loci known in many vertebrates. MHC and microsatellite variation have been examined in the Gila topminnows, desert bighorn sheep, Arabian oryx, and winter-run chinook salmon. I am also interested in theoretical research on the maintenance of genetic variation in metapopulations and inbreeding depression. Selected publications: Cardwell, T. N., R. J. Sheffer, and P. W. Hedrick. 2001 Major histocompatibility complex variation and the success of tissue transplantation in fish. J. Hered. 92: 305-308.

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