1. Lalonde, Andre (1991) African Indigenous Knowledge And Its Relevance of indigenous and postcolonial 'traditional' rural africa, and the KenyaMaasai; TanzaniaPare, zaramo, Luguru; Niger Fulani; and iv) indigenous peoples and habitat conservation http://www.indiana.edu/~iascp/abstracts/321.html

Lalonde, Andre (1991) African Indigenous Knowledge and Its Relevance to Environment and Development Activities Conference: Presented at the second annual conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property (IASCP), Winnipeg, Manitoba, September 26-29, 1991. Abstract: "The nature of indigenous and post-colonial 'traditional' rural Africa, and the constraints or challenges this poses to the current maintenance and practical use of TEK, including the future transmission among indigenous Africans and development planners alike are examined. Main traditional livelihoods and land-use practices which sustainably exploit the ecosystem include sedentary and shifting agriculture, nomadic pastoralism, hunting, fishing, food gathering, rain forest use and limited agroforestry for food materials and medicines, etc. This is demonstrated, where possible, with case studies involving the following regions of African tribal groups: KenyaMaasai; TanzaniaPare, Zaramo, Luguru; Niger Fulani; and the San of the Kalahari. "A few promising options for development agencies to improve their understanding of dynamics of renewable resource management were outlined for integrating TEK into modern resource planning techniques such as environmental assessment and proactive environmental programming. Other promising TEK management applications include: i) Adaptive environmental management approach' ii) Participative rapid rural appraisal; iii) Popular education; and iv) Indigenous peoples and habitat conservation areas."

2. Africa Direct-Ethnographic Art, Trade Beads, Masks, Carvings, Artifacts, Textile Patina is darkened with age. Ancestor worship formed the core of the Kota peoples'religiou. . . Old indigenous repair. zaramo carving of extraordinary power. http://www.africadirect.com/ccproducts2.php?category=11&subcategory=97

3. World Church, South Africa - Real History Series # 3 Hovas, Sakalavas, Betsimisarakas, and other peoples of Madagascar WaKamba, Wa-Sambara,Wa-zaramo, Achikunda, Ma possibly have been an indigenous Negro people http://www.creator.org/southafrica/negro1.html

World Church - South Africa E-mail: creator_southafrica@yahoo.com Real History Series # 3 The NIGGER The world-wide curse of the White Race and ideal battering ram of the jewish race FACTS! The Government and Media Don't Want You to Know! Latest edition viewable and ready to print right off the web! Get The FACTS! out! Bulk orders for distribution: 400 copies for just $40 Purchase The FACTS in Bulk Download ... Online EARLIER NEWS ITEMS HAVE BEEN ARCHIVED FOR YOUR READING PLEASURE. EXPAND YOUR MIND, READ OUR REAL HISTORY SERIES # 1- Dr. D.F. Malan's memorable speech (1937) # 2- Eric Louw's memorable speech (1939) >> # 3- 9th Edition of the Britannica on the "negro" # 4- 10th Edition of the Britannica on the "negro" Current News Archived News Wall of Remembrance Return to Main Page What we ought to know about the nigger, but don't So who and what is the so-called "negro"? If present-day Politically Correct head-in-the-sand "knowledge" is anything to go by, the negro is very much the same as a White Man. However, anyone with just half a brain left will tell you that that can't be so. After all, there are just too many obvious differences. "But," says the liberal bleeding-heart useless idiot, "it's quite clear that the African American or any other kind of black — whether from Africa or not, and whether really black or just one of the shades of brown, and whether pure-blooded or of mixed-blood — is simply a White Man caught in a black skin. And, brother," and here the voice is set to tremble a little, "it is our christianist duty to help him get out of that black skin and take his rightful place among the people of this earth. And, brother, let me tell you more: We have been holding them back and we should give them human rights."

4. J. W. E. Bowen (John Wesley Edward), 1855-1933, Ed.. Africa And The American Neg africa; THE ABSOLUTE NEED OF AN indigenous MISSIONARY AGENCY the Lulua and Kassai,were placed peoples with different africa, among whom the Wazaramo, Wa Zeguha http://docsouth.unc.edu/church/bowen/bowen.html

Africa and the American Negro: Addresses and Proceedings of the Congress on Africa: Held under the Auspices of the Stewart Missionary Foundation for Africa of Gammon Theological Seminary in Connection with the Cotton States and International Exposition December 13-15, 1895. Electronic Edition. Bowen, J. W. E. (John Wesley Edward), 1855-1933, Ed. Funding from the Library of Congress/Ameritech National Digital Library Competition supported the electronic publication of this title. Text transcribed by Apex Data Services, Inc. Images scanned by Meredith Evans Text encoded by Apex Data Services, Inc., Elizabeth S. Wright and Jill Kuhn Sexton First edition, 2001 ca. 750K Academic Affairs Library, UNC-CH University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Source Description: (title page) Africa and the American Negro...Addresses and Proceedings of the Congress on Africa Held Under the Auspices of the Stewart Missionary Foundation for Africa of Gammon Theological Seminary in Connection with the Cotton States and International Exposition December 13-15, 1895. Edited by Prof. J. W. E. Bowen, Ph.D., D.D., Secretary of the Congress.

5. East Central Africa Most indigenous African Muslims in the region are Sunnis However, among the nearbycoastal zaramo, women's public participation Ganda. Muslim peoples A World http://www.law.emory.edu/IFL/region/eastcentralafrica.html

East Central Africa The Region and its History Legal Practices and Institutions Seclusion of Women / Purdah t ... Family in the Region (Marriage, Dowry and brideprice, Divorce, Polygyny, Custody of children, Inheritance/ Land Rights) References Links to legal datasheets for countries in this region. Kenya I Tanzania East and Central Africa The Region and Its History Islam was an integral part of the East African coastal culture by as early as 1000 CE. Islam arrived on the coast through contact with religious teachers, merchants and slave traders (Martin 1986; Oded 2000). Along the eastern coast and the islands of Kenya and Tanzania, Islam became an important force by the 17th century and remains the dominant religion today. The arrival of the Islamic religion and the concurrent Indian Ocean trade network helped to develop the coastal region into the distinct cultural and political entity known as the Swahili coast. In the 17th century, this 2000-mile long coast came under the domination of the Sultan of Oman, who moved his capital to the island of Zanzibar in the 19th century.

6. Africa Today--From "Dancing With Porcupines" To "Twirling A Hoe": Musical Labor to include the Luguru, Kutu, Kwere, and zaramo, who, interestingly The peoples ofGreater Unyamwezi The indigenous Political System of the Sukuma and Proposals http://iupjournals.org/africatoday/aft48-4.html

from Africa Today Volume 48, Number 4 From "Dancing with Porcupines" to "Twirling a Hoe": Musical Labor Transformed in Sukumaland, Tanzania Frank Gunderson Permission to Copy You may download, save, or print for your personal use without permission. If you wish to disseminate the electronic article, or to produce multiple copies for classroom or educational use, please request permission from: Professional Relations Department 222 Rosewood Drive Danvers MA 01923 FAX: 978-750-4470/4744 Web address: For other permissions or reprint use contact: Rights and Permissions, Journals Division Indiana University Press 601 North Morton St. Bloomington, IN 47404 FAX: 812 855-8507 E-mail: journals@indiana.edu In the Sukuma area of northwest Tanzania, farmer-musicians, or farmers who compose and perform music, introduce themselves in public interactions first as farmers, with the phrase "I am a farmer, I hold a hoe," and second as performers, with the phrase "I am also a dancer, I twirl a hoe." Identification with music operates on many psychological and cultural levels from childhood to old age, and is reinforced and expressed most cogently in their use of song during cotton farming. Cotton farming is a relatively recent chapter in Sukuma history, a result of (and creative response to) British colonial government requirements between the two world wars. A new farming class emerged, which drew on prior musical labor fraternities such as medicinal societies, hunting societies, porters, and military organizations for their personnel, musical repertory, and dance paraphernalia. The Sukuma made the imposition of long-distance migrant labor and cotton cropping their own by making these labors musical. The author discusses how Sukuma farmers developed musical farming from these prior musical labor practices, and provides several examples of this transformation.

7. English Books > Society > Anthropology The Impact Of Development On indigenous peoples Dentan, Robert Meaning of ReligiousConversion in africa Okorocha, Cyril C Medicine Man Among the zaramo of Dar http://book.netstoreusa.com/index/bkbst200M.shtml

English Books German Books Spanish Books Sheet Music ... Society Index of 7692 Titles First page Prev Next Last page ... M.A. Czaplicka Hardback; Book; ; ISBN: 0700710019 MAASAI OF MATAPATO SPENCER, P Hardback; Book; ; ISBN: 0253336252 Ma'Betisek Concepts of Living Things Karim, Wazir-Jahan Hardback; Book; ; ISBN: 0485195542 Machiavellian Intelligence Paperback; ; ISBN: 0198521758 Machine That Could Chapman, Robert M Paperback; ; ISBN: 0833026577 Machos, Mistresses and Madonnas Hardback; Book; ; ISBN: 1859848052 Made In America: Self-Styled Success From Horatio Alger To Oprah Winfrey Decker, Jeffrey Louis Paperback; ; ISBN: 0816630216 Madeconian Conflict: Ethnic Nationalism In A Transnational World Danforth, Loring M. Paperback; ; ISBN: 0691043566 Madonna Swan: A Lakota Womans Story Pierre, Mark ST ST Pierre, Mark Paperback (C Format); ; ISBN: 0806126760 Magic, Witchcraft and Religion Lehmann, Arthur C. Paperback; ; ISBN: 1559346884 Magical Ancient Beads Hardback; Book; ; ISBN: 1860642691 Magical Arrows Schrempp, Gregory (Assistant Professor of Folklore, Indiana University, USA) Hardback; Book;

8. Tanzania -- Ethnic Groups Sources for the Numbers List This page gives the sources for each language on the Numbers from 1 to 10 page. http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/NEH/tz_ethnic.html

Tanzania Ethnic Groups More than 120 ethnic groups are represented in Tanzania. Each of these groups differs, to varying degrees, from other groups in culture, social organization, and language. Only the smallest groups are homogeneous, however. Most groups are characterized by some internal variation in language and culture. The largest ethnic group, the Sukuma, represents nearly 13% of the total population; the remaining large groups represent under 5% each. Ethnicity continues to reflect geographic area. During colonial rule, administrative subdivisions had often been drawn along ethnic lines; this situation has continued after independence despite the government's genuine efforts to downplay ethnic considerations. Less than 1% of Tanzania's population is made up of non-Africans, including Europeans, Asians, and Arabs. Interethnic conflict has not been a significant political problem in Tanzania as it has been elsewhere in Africa. Perhaps one reason for the relative absence of ethnic conflict is the fact that Tanzania is made up of a great many groups, none of which predominates. Ethnic identities may also have weakened over the decades. However, in recent years, tensions have developed between Christians and Muslims, a problem that may threaten the unity between the Mainland and Zanzibar. Tensions between indigenous Tanzanians and the Asian community, which are prominent in business, have also surfaced in recent years. The two largest ethnic groups in Tanzania are linguistically and culturally closely related. The traditional homelands ofthe

9. W Foreign Trade in East africa. Man XLVII Mädcenerziehung bei den zaramo. AU XLV 292305. East africa Protectorate 1903-1905. UNY PhD Th. Weiss, E.A. 1973. Some indigenous Trees http://www.algonet.se/~jhauser/swahili/author/w.html

10. People And Plants Online - Working Paper 1: African Medicinal Plants - Conclusio Some factors affecting the perpetuation of our indigenous flora of the Medical Manamong the zaramo of Dar to the History of the Zulu and Neighbouring peoples. http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/peopleplants/wp/wp1/conclusions.htm

Main About Us Publications and Videos Regions and Themes ... Feedback Conclusions Acknowledgments Essential background to this study was provided by resource users (herbalists, gatherers and herb traders) and conservation bodies in Natal, South Africa who funded the Natal survey (particularly M. Ntimbane, S. Jamile, N. Tembe, S. Gumede, Mr L. Govender and B. Naidoo). I thank also S. Dipper, A. Hamilton, T. Johns, I. Kamau, T. Fonki Mbenkum and D. Taylor for their comments and suggestions on earlier drafts of this paper. Any errors are, of course, my own. Personal communications Hines, C., c/o Institute of Natural Resources, University of Natal, P O Box 375, Pietermaritzburg, 3200, South Africa. Horenburg, F., c/o Thusano Lefatsheng, P O Gaborone, Botswana.

11. Book Reivews (Q-Z) and Economic Development Studies of indigenous Cooperatives in SKINNER, ELLIOTTP. peoples and Cultures of and Symbol in Transitional zaramo Society, with http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/ASA/index_br3.html

Book Reivews (Q-Z) Q 2717. QUANDT, WILLIAM B. Revolution and Political Leadership: Algeria, 1954-1968 ; April 1971; 14(1): 149-56. Crout, Robert Rhodes. R 2718. RABINOW, PAUL. Symbolic Domination: Cultural Form and Historical Change in Morocco . ASA ROB; 1977; 3: 79-81. Crapanzano, Vincent. 2719. RADU, MICHAEL S. Africa in the Post-Decolonization Era ; December 1986; 29(4): 125-29. Sesay, Habib. 2720. RAEBURN, MICHAEL. We are Everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian Guerrillas . ASA ROB; 1980; 6: 90-91. Mutunhu, Tendai. 2721. RAHMATO, DESSALEGN. A Short Guide to the Study of Ethiopia: A General Bibliography . ASA ROB; 1978; 4: 37-39. Schwab, Peter. 2722. RANGER, T.O. African Religious History: A Newsletter for the Historical Study of African Religious Systems in East, Central and Southern Africa . Number One, April 1971; December 1971, 14(3): 493-94. Fabian, Johannes. 2723. RANGER, T.O. The Historical Study of African Religion (1972); April 1973; 16(1): 134-37. Quimby, Lucy G. 2724. RANGER, T.O. The Historical Study of African Religion (1972). ASA ROB; 1979; 5: 30-31.

12. VADA - Volken Peoples Tribes V - Z Zarabatana zaramo (Tanzania)/a . zaramo Information Zo'é See also IndigenousPeoples in Brazil. Zoque Indians ZULU amaZULU (Zuid Afrika South africa). http://www.vada.nl/volkenvz.htm

VADA - VOLKEREN STAMMEN PEOPLES TRIBES ETHNIC GROUPS V - Z Last update: 10-11-2002 V VAI (Liberia, Sierra Leone) VANDALEN VANDALS (Europa - Europe) VASAVO (Pakistan) VASI (Afghanistan) ... VUMBA (Kenia - Kenya) W WAAMA (Togo) WACCAMAW (Native American, USA) WAGDI (India) WAGGAMAW (Native American, USA) ... WYANDOT (Native American) X XA CAU KHO MU (Vietnam) XA DANG XA DONG XA KHAO XA XUA KHANG (Vietnam) XA LAVANG MANG (Vietnam) XAM HONG CONG (Vietnam) ... XTIENG BU DEC BU LO (Vietnam) Y YAGHNABIS (Rusland - Russia) YAKA (Democratische Republiek Congo - Democratic Republic Congo, Angola) YAKAN (Filipijnen - the Philippines) YAKIMA (Native American, USA) ... YURAK SAMOYEDS (Rusland - Russia) Z ZAORE (Burkina Faso) ZAMUCO SAMUCO (Venezuela) ZAPAROS (Ecuador) ZAPOTECA ZAPOTECS (Mexico) ... ZYRIAN (Rusland - Russia) VAI (Liberia, Sierra Leone) The Vai of Liberia The Vai of Sierra Leone VANDALEN VANDALS (Europa - Europe) De Vandalen Vandalen History of the Balkan Peninsula, Invaders: the Vandals An ABC of Barbarian Tribes: Vandals ... The Vandals VASAVO (Pakistan) The Vasavo of Pakistan VASI (Afghanistan) The Vasi of Nuristan See also: Afghanistan Peoples See also: Afghanistan VEDDA WANNIYALA-AETTO (India) vedda See also: Peoples of India INDIGENOUS PEOPLES in VENEZUELA Les Ethnies de la Grande Amazonie See also: Venezuela VEPS (Rusland - Russia) NUPI: Vepsian Red Book: Veps The Endangered Uralic Peoples - VEPSES See also: Russian Peoples See also: Rusland - Russia VERENIGDE ARABISCHE EMIRATEN: STAMMEN UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: TRIBES

13. Fortune N-S childhood; a description of indigenous education in The Ilaspeaking peoples of NorthernRhodesia. unpublished African languages Gindo, zaramo, and Angazidja. http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/cm/africana/fortune3.htm

Alphabetical Listing of Fortune Bibliography Select the first letter of the author (or title, where no author is listed): (N) (O) (P) (Q) ... (S) - N - National Arts Foundation of Rhodesia. Arts Rhodesia. (Salisbury, Rhodesia: National Arts Foundation of Rhodesia, 1978). Title from cover. National Arts Foundation of Zimbabwe. Arts Zimbabwe. Salisbury, Zimbabwe: National Arts Foundation of Zimbabwe, 1982-. National Museums of Rhodesia. Occasional papers of the National Museums of Rhodesia Series A Human sciences. (Salisbury): National Museums of Rhodesia, 1971. National Museum and Art Gallery (Botswana) and Botswana Society. Botswana notes and records. Gaborone: s.n., n.d. Navess, B. T. A wutomi gi nene. Cleveland, Transvaal: Central Mission Press, 1956. Ncube, N. M. Ukungazi kufana lokufa. (Gwelo): Mambo Press, (1973). Ndangariro dzokunamata. Gwelo: Mambo press, 1966. Ndebele, J. P. Akusimlandu wami. Gwelo: Mambo Press, 1974. Ndebo mbuya yobuhe gwe ndzimu. London: British and Foreign Bible Society, 1942. Ndhlukula, N. P. IsiNdebele esiphezulu. Gwelo: Mambo Press, 1974. On cover: A manual of the Ndebele language.

14. BANTU LANGUAGES is a somewhat archaic Bantu dialect, indigenous probably to the Ruvu), Nguru, Zeguha,Kimrima and Ki-zaramo. Tumbuka, Ilenga and A-tonga peoples, and occupies http://55.1911encyclopedia.org/B/BA/BANTU_LANGUAGES.htm

document.write(""); BANTU LANGUAGES For “ Bantam” fowls see POULTRY. BANTIN, oi’ BANTING, the native name of the wild ox of Java, known to the Malays as sapi-utan, and in zoology as Bos (Bibos) sondaicus. The white patch on the rump distinguishes the bantin from its ally the gaur (q.v.). Bulls of the typical bantin of Java and Borneo are, when fully adult, completely black except for the white rump and legs, but the cows and young are rufous. In Burma the species is represented by the tsaine, or h’saine, in which the colour of the adult bulls is rufous fawn. Tame bantin are bred in Bali, near Java, and exported to Singapore. (See BOVIDAE.) William of Orange were landed here in 1697. There are several islands, the principal of which are Bear Island and Whiddy, off the town. Ruins of the so-called “fish palaces” testify to the failure of the pilchard fishery in the 18th century. BANTU LANGUAGES. The greater part of Africa south of the equator possesses but one linguistic family so far as its native inhabitants are concerned. This clearly-marked division of human speech has been entitled the Bantu, a name invented by Dr W. H. I. Bleek, and it is, on the whole, the fittest general term with which to designate the most remarkable group of African languages.’ 1 Bantu (literally Ba-ntu) is the most archaic and most widely spread term for” men,” “ mankind,” “people,” in these languages. It also indicates aptly the leading feature of this group of tongues, which is the governing of the unchangeable root by prefixes. The syllable -flu is nowhere found now standing alone, but it originally meant “ object,” or possibly “ person.’ It is also occasionally used as a relative pronoun—” that. ‘ “that which,” “he who.” Combined with different prefixes it has different meanin~s. Thus (in the purer forms of Bantu languages) muntu means ‘a man,” bantu means” men,” kintu means “ a thing,” bintu “ things,” kantu means “a little thing,” tuntu “little things,” and so on. This term Banlu has been often criticized, but no one has supplied a better, simpler designation for this section of Negro languages, and the name has now been definitely consecrated by usage.

15. Brian Dempsey-Tanzania Tensions between indigenous Tanzanians and the Asian community, which are prominentin Both are Bantuspeaking peoples who in the past were The zaramo are a http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/faculty/hodgson/Courses/so191/Project2002/Brian

The United Republic of Tanzania There are five diagonal stripes on the flag of Tanzania. The green stripe stands for the land, the black stripe stands for the people, the blue stripe stands for the sea, and the two gold stripes stand for the mineral wealth. History and Geography Internal Inequalities Social Changes Economic Changes ... Prospects Part I-History and Geography T anzania is located in Eastern Africa, bordering theIndian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique. The country is about twice the size of California. It has seven border countries: Burundi, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda,Uganda, and Zambia. Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world, and relies primarily on agriculture which accounts for half of its GDP. The lives of all Tanzanians depend on natural resources for both the present and future generations. The country is endowed with significant natural resources, which include forests and woodlands, wild animals, rivers, lakes and wetlands. Tanzanians rely on a number of other natural resources as well, including hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, and nickel. All these resources play big roles to the economy is terms of the social and economic goods and services, which they provide. The depletion of these resources will positively undermine the ecological sustainability of economic activity. Political Map of Tanzania Dar es Salaam is currently the official capital of the country.

16. CompassionNet's Today's Prayer Let all the peoples praise You! (Psalm 67.3 2. Ask God to draw the zaramo to Himself Praythat an indigenous Church Planting Movement will result so that every http://www.tiopan.com/~jonahs/prayer_requests/msg00339.html

17. Sticks And Stones of borrowing and sharing between these peoples in forging on the Other Side Swahili,zaramo, Yao and of 'traditional' building by indigenous Zanzibaris and http://ec.hku.hk/kd96proc/authors/papers/myers.htm

Browse by Author Bardini, Thierry Bruce, Nigel Callon, Michel Favretti, Rema Rossini Fielding, Richard Fuller, Steve Gagnon, Sylvie Gledhill, Chris J. Gomez, A et al Gomez, Gilberto Gruber, Helmut Gu, Yueguo Harvie, Mary Heracleous, Loizos Herriman, Michael Kay, Heather Kirkpatrick, Andy Lo, Terence 1 Lo, Terence 2 Love, Alison Luke, Allan MacKinnon, Marjorie M. Martin Santos, Arantxa Mataix, Carmen Miyawaki, Hiroyuki Muchie, Mammo Myers, Garth Parra-Esteban, Ligia Pennington, Martha C. Pennycook, Alastair Perez Sedeno, Eulalia Pigott, Margaret B. Ram, Kalpana Sheean, Fran Simich-Dudgeon, Carmen Smith, Dorothy Sørensen, Terje Tang, Raymond Yin-Loong Thompson, Grahame F. Turner, Joan van Zyl, Susan Wilson, David W. Yao, Huang Yeh, Joseph Yelenevskaya, M.N. Zhu, Zhichang Browse by Category Opening Address/Conference Rationale Languages for Specific/Academic Purposes Sticks and stones: Hegemony and the language of African houses Garth Andrew Myers University of Kansas Lawrence, USA Email: GMYERS@FALCON.CC.UKANS.EDU ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION SPEAKING WITH SPACE ... BIBLIOGRAPHY ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION '[The] shibboleth of this little island [is] the word, "dasturi"

18. SOMALI BANTU - Their History And Culture the coastal Bantuspeaking African peoples with these seven centuries with the indigenousAfrican population primarily the Zigua and zaramo, similarly describe http://www.culturalorientation.net/bantu/sbhist.html

culturalorientation.net -home SOMALI BANTU CULTURE PROFILE CHAPTER C ONTENTS P REFACE ... IBLIOGRAPHY SCROLL TO: Colonial Period Slavery Social Impact of Slavery After Slavery ... Post Civil War History Persian and Arab traders established business contacts with east Africans over 1,000 years ago. These relations, coupled with refugees who fled the turmoil in Arabia after the death of Muhammad in the 7 th century, resulted in a significant number of Arab immigrants residing on the coast of east Africa. The mixing of the coastal Bantu-speaking African peoples with these Arab immigrants led to the emergence of the Swahili people and language. The Swahili people lived and worked for the next seven centuries with the indigenous African population. During this time, the Swahili people expanded their trade and communication further inland and to the south with the other African groups, including ancestral tribes of the Somali Bantu. Colonial Period By the time the Portuguese arrived in the 15 th century, there existed a modern economy and advanced society on the east coast of Africa that some claim rivaled those in Europe. Portuguese colonial rule, however, disrupted the traditional local economic networks on the east African coast, resulting in a general breakdown of the once prosperous Swahili economy.

19. International Mission Board - Praying - CompassionNet from africa Today Volume 48, Number 4 From "Dancing with Porcupines" to "Twirling a Hoe" Musical Labor Transformed in Sukumaland, Tanzania Permission to Copy You may download, save, or print for your personal use without permission. other parts of SubSaharan africa, Sukuma-Nyamwezi culture is based on the Luguru, Kutu, Kwere, and zaramo, who, interestingly enough, all have http://www.imb.org/CompassionNet/PeopleGroups.asp

IMB Home Praying Prayer Search by People Group Select the people group for which you want to view prayer items. Also, you may select the maximum age of prayer items to be displayed. Please note that if a particular people group does not appear in the choice list, it means there are no active prayer items for that people group. People Group: **Select a People Group** African of South Trinidad Afro-Ecuadorian of Ecuador Aimaq of Afghanistan Albanian Gheg of Kosovo Algerian Arabs of Algeria and France amaXhosa of South Africa Ancash Quechua of Peru Anii of Benin and Togo Anyi of Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana Arabs in Latin America Aragonese of Spain Armenian People of Armenia Asheninka of Peru Asian Indians of East Africa Awadhi of India Aymara of Bolivia Baganda of Uganda Banyankore of Uganda Banyoro of Uganda Barabaig of Tanzania Basoga of Uganda Basque of Spain and France Bedouin of Northern Africa Beng of Cote d'Ivoire Bete of Cote d'Ivoire Bihari Muslims of Bangladesh Bihari Muslims of India Birifor of Cote d'Ivoire Bisa of Burkina Faso Brezhonegerien of Britanny, France

20. VAJRABHAIRAVA YAMANTAKA Ababda africa Abarambo africa Abe africa Abinsi Nigeria africaCushitic peoples africa Afar Afar Afikpo africa Afo africa Horn of africa-Cushitic peoples africa Garreh-Ajuran http://www.schradersworld.com/Mikes-Web-Of-Masks/Mask%20History-Origins.xls

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