21. Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APLS) antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS) What is antiphospholipid syndrome? A phospholipid(fos foLIP'id) is a fat (lipid) that contains phosphorous. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4459

22. EMedicine - Antiphospholipid Syndrome : Article By Amiel Tokayer, MD antiphospholipid syndrome antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a disorder characterizedby recurrent venous or arterial thrombosis and/or fetal losses http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2923.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Rheumatology Antiphospholipid Syndrome Last Updated: September 30, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: APS, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, aPL syndrome, anticardiolipin antibody syndrome, aCL syndrome, lupus anticoagulant syndrome, LA syndrome, Hughes syndrome, Sneddon syndrome, SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatic disease, arterial thrombosis AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Amiel Tokayer, MD , Fellow, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Winthrop University Hospital and Nassau County Medical Center Coauthor(s): Steven Carsons, MD , Chief, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Winthrop University Hospital, State University of New York at Stony Brook; Elise Belilos, MD

23. ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY SYNDROME By Thomas G. DeLoughery, Associate Professor of Medicine a definition and history of this disease.Category Health Conditions and Diseases antiphospholipid syndrome...... Aron AL, Gharavi AE, Shoenfeld Y. Mechanisms of action of antiphospholipidantibodies in the antiphospholipid syndrome. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. http://www.ohsu.edu/som-hemonc/handouts/deloughery/apla.shtml

3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, OP28 Portland, OR 97201 fax Home Welcome News Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation ... PRINT VERSION Thomas G. DeLoughery Associate Professor of Medicine March 15, 1999 ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY SYNDROME ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES (APLA)-DEFINITIONS AND HISTORY One major difficulty in studying APLA is that no one really knows what the underlying pathogenic mechanism is that leads to the clinical syndrome. This review will side-step this issue (best reviewed in the McNeil paper) and concentrate on clinical matters. WHO GETS APLA? About 30-50% of patients with SLE will have APLA. These antibodies can also be found in patients with other autoimmune diseases. Patients without lupus or other autoimmune disease can have symptomatic APLA ("Primary APLA syndrome"). Children will often develop transient APLA after viral infections. These often come to clinical attention during pre-operative evaluation for tonsillectomy. Up to 30% of patients with HIV infection will also develop APLA. The infection associated APLA are not associated with thrombosis. Medication may also induce APLA. Chlorpromazine is the most common but APLA have also been associated with procainamide, dilantin and quinidine. In screening studies of blood donors, up to 8% of normal people will have APLA. However the APLA in these people are usually low titer and most often occur in young women. TESTS FOR ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES (APLA) There are two main groups of tests for APLA's: testing for presence of antibodies to cardiolipin and the coagulation based tests for APLA.

24. Disease Category Listing (542): Antiphospholipid Syndrome Clinical Trials antiphospholipid syndrome. New York. Manhasset; TheProgram in Novel Therapeutics A placebocontrolled study evaluating http://www.centerwatch.com/patient/studies/cat542.html

Clinical Trials: Antiphospholipid Syndrome New York Manhasset; The Program in Novel Therapeutics A placebo-controlled study evaluating the effects of an investigational drug on antiphospholipid (anticardiolipin) antibodies in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. Back to Clinical Trials by Medical Areas Research centers specializing in this illness area Additional resources ... in this illness area This site is run by CenterWatch, a publishing company that focuses on the clinical trials industry. The information provided in this service is designed to help patients find clinical trials that may be of interest to them, and to help patients contact the centers conducting the research. CenterWatch is neither promoting this research nor involved in conducting any of these trials. Trial listing updated: March 25, 2003 at 12:25:40 PM Patient Resources: [ Trial Listing Notification Services Drug Directories About Clinical Research ... Patient Bookstore Professional Resources: [ Research Center Profiles Industry Provider Profiles Industry News Professional Resources ... Professional Bookstore General: [ Search Site Map Your Privacy CW World ... Home This site was developed in association with Illumina Interactive of Boston, MA

25. Study Posting (82) -- Trial #32314, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Manhasset, NY controlled study evaluating the effects of an investigational drug on antiphospholipid(anticardiolipin) antibodies in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. http://www.centerwatch.com/patient/studies/stu32314.html

Trial Information Summary: A placebo-controlled study evaluating the effects of an investigational drug on antiphospholipid (anticardiolipin) antibodies in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune condition that can occur by itself or with other conditions such as systemic lupus. Manifestations may include blood clots, strokes, or miscarriage. Patients with this syndrome produce antiphospholipid (anticardiolipin) antibodies. In this research drug study, the safety and tolerability of this drug as well as the impact of the investigational drug on antiphospholipid antibody levels are being investigated. Candidates for this study must have antiphospholipid antibodies. This study will be approximately 30 days long and requires a single overnight stay (for about 36 hours) in the hospital's clinical research center. All study-related examinations and lab tests are provided at no cost. The center is currently enrolling patients. Contact: Richard Furie, M.D., Principal Investigator The Program in Novel Therapeutics North Shore University Hospital Division of Rheumatology 300 Community Drive Manhasset, NY 11030

26. La Jolla Pharmaceutical Identifies Disease Target In Antiphospholipid Syndrome American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association. La Jolla PharmaceuticalIdentifies Disease Target in antiphospholipid syndrome. http://www.aarda.org/research15.html

American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association La Jolla Pharmaceutical Identifies Disease Target in Antiphospholipid Syndrome La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company today announced the discovery of a key molecular site targeted by antibodies that cause stroke and heart attack in patients with a major autoimmune blood clotting condition known as the Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS). LJP is using this information to construct and develop a new drug to treat this life-threatening condition. An estimated 500,000 patients in the US and Europe with high levels of autoimmune antiphospholipid antibodies have a greatly increased risk of stroke, heart attack and other thrombotic conditions. In APS, these antibodies are widely believed to promote the formation of blood clots resulting in stroke, heart attack, deep vein thrombosis, recurrent fetal loss, and complications following cardiovascular surgery. The disease can lead to severe clotting in patients who often lack typical risk factors such as smoking or hypertension. The presence of autoantibodies in APS has been shown to double the risk of the next event. These antibodies occur in approximately 10% of all stroke and heart attack patients and approximately 30% of all deep vein thrombosis and recurrent fetal loss patients. Previous scientific literature has shown that these antibodies target a phospholipid-binding plasma protein known as beta 2-GP1. LJP scientists have identified and characterized the antibody-binding region of beta 2-GP1.

27. High-Risk Pregnancy - Antiphospholipid Syndrome (aPL), Cincinnati Childrens Hosp conditions and diagnoses. antiphospholipid syndrome (aPL). What is antiphospholipidsyndrome (aPL)? How does pregnancy affect antiphospholipid syndrome (aPL)? http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/Health_Topics/Your_Childs_Health/High-Risk_Pr

Your Child's Health High-Risk Pregnancy Overview Conditions and Diagnoses ... Overview Antiphospholipid Syndrome (aPL) Bleeding in Pregnancy / Placenta Previa / Placental Abruption Cholestasis of Pregnancy Diabetes Ectopic Pregnancy ... Tests and Procedures Conditions and Diagnoses Antiphospholipid Syndrome (aPL) What is antiphospholipid syndrome (aPL)? Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disease in which the body produces large amounts of antiphospholipid antibodies. Antiphospholipid antibodies attack the phospholipids (a type of fat, containing phosphate, that makes up the outer walls of the body's cells). This causes many different problems including increased blood clotting. This disease is about two times more common in women than men. It is generally characterized by the following: thrombosis - blood clots in arteries or veins (especially in the legs). Clots in vessels of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) can result in stroke. thrombocytopenia - low platelets (cells important in blood clotting). pregnancy loss (especially repeated losses) Antiphospholipid syndrome was only defined in recent years and is sometimes called Hughes syndrome. The disease may occur along with other autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, or lupus).

28. High-Risk Pregnancy - Antiphospholipid Syndrome (aPL), Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Return to Site. antiphospholipid syndrome (aPL). What is antiphospholipidsyndrome (aPL)? How does pregnancy affect antiphospholipid syndrome (aPL)? http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/Health_Topics/Your_Childs_Health/High-Risk_Pr

29. THE CATASTROPHIC ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME (CAPS) THE CATASTROPHIC antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) A Review of 115 Patients and PossibleClues to Pathogenesis and Treatment Reported by RA Asherson, MD, FACP http://www.rheuma21st.com/archives/cutting_asherson_caps.html

Here is the fourth in our "clinical" series of cutting-edge articles which are appearing in Rheuma21st.com in advance of their dissemination in print journals or meetings. THE CATASTROPHIC ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME (CAPS) A Review of 115 Patients and Possible Clues to Pathogenesis and Treatment Reported by RA Asherson, MD, FACP, FCP(SA), FRCP, FACR, Rheumatic Diseases Unit, University of Cape Town School of Medicine and The Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa Y Shoenfeld, MD, Department of Medicine "B", Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel published 27. February 2001 Download As A PDF File : To read and print PDF files, you will need free Adobe Acrobat Reader INTRODUCTION Initial observations of thrombosis occurring in the presence of the lupus anticoagulant (LA) were reported by Bowie et al ( ) in 1963. Two years later, they reported the myriad vascular complications affecting both veins and arteries seen in patients with SLE, including the presence of LA and even a biological false-positive test for syphilis ( ). Many papers published in the 1970s and 1980s have confirmed this association. The occurrence of recurrent miscarriages and the LA had also been documented (

30. Antiphospholipid Syndrome antiphospholipid syndrome. What is antiphospholipid syndrome? What causesthe blood to clot too easily in antiphospholipid syndrome? http://www.med.umich.edu/1libr/aha/umantiphos.htm

Adult Health Topics All Health Topics Find a UMHS Doctor Search Adult Topics Search All Topics T his information is not a tool for self-diagnosis or a substitute for medical treatment. You should speak to your physician or make an appointment to be seen if you have questions or concerns about this information or your medical condition. Antiphospholipid Syndrome What is Antiphospholipid Syndrome? Antiphospholipid Syndrome is a disorder in which the blood clotting system begins to form blood clots in the veins or arteries without obvious reason. The symptoms of Antiphospholipid Syndrome include blood clots (thromboses) in leg or arm veins and/or arteries; blood clots which travel to the lungs (pulmonary emboli); sudden loss of vision; occasional episodes of numbness, tingling, or weakness in the face or limbs; stroke; seizures; and recurrent miscarriages. All of these symptoms are the result of blood clots occurring in small to medium sized blood vessels. Most people affected with this disorder have only one or two of any of these symptoms. They are however at risk for developing additional symptoms if not treated appropriately or monitored by a physician knowledgeable about the disorder. What causes the blood to clot too easily in Antiphospholipid Syndrome?

31. The Antiphospholipid Syndrome (Hughes' Syndrome) The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is sometimes called 'sticky bloodsyndrome'. The antiphospholipid syndrome (Hughes' syndrome). http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/antiphospholipid.htm

The UK's leading independent health website Search NetDoctor NetDoctor.co.uk Home News and features News Newsletter Features Encyclopaedia Diseases Medicines Examinations Health centres Cancer Children's health Depression Erectile dysfunction ... All health centres Discussion and support Discussion forums Support groups Services Ask the doctor Find a hospital NetDoctor on call Search Medline ... Text message services Information About NetDoctor Commercial opportunities NetDoctor.com The antiphospholipid syndrome (Hughes' syndrome) Written by Dr MY Karim , lecturer in immunology, St Thomas' Hospital and Dr GRV Hughes , consultant physician and rheumatologist, St Thomas' Hospital What is the antiphospholipid syndrome (Hughes' syndrome)? The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is sometimes called 'sticky blood syndrome'. This is because people with it have an increased tendency to form clots in blood vessels (also known as thromboses). Any blood vessel can be affected including the veins, which are thin walled and take blood towards the heart, and the arteries, which have thick muscular walls, and take blood away from the heart. As a result of this clotting tendency these patients may develop repeated clots, eg in the veins of the leg (deep vein thrombosis), or in the arteries supplying the brain, causing a stroke. In pregnancy, the placenta can be affected by small clots, and there is an increased risk of miscarriage, particularly in mid-pregnancy. What is the cause of the antiphospholipid syndrome?

32. Antiphospholipid Syndrome Links to information and resources for antiphospholipid syndrome, also knownas APLS and Hughes syndrome. antiphospholipid syndrome Guide picks. http://rarediseases.about.com/cs/antiphospholipid/

zfp=-1 About Rare/Orphan Diseases Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Rare/Orphan Diseases with Mary Kugler Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects BUYER'S GUIDE Before You Buy Top Picks Sites for Online Specialty Shopping ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Antiphospholipid Syndrome Guide picks An autoimmune disorder in which there are frequent blood clots produced, leading to strokes, heart valve disease, and in women, recurrent pregnancy loss. American Heart Association Brief information on the heart problems associated with antiphospholipid syndrome. Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Information on antiphospholipid syndrome, focussing on pregnancy. Hygeia Foundation for Perinatal Loss and Bereavement Information on antiphospholipid syndrome and pregnancy loss. Lupus Foundation of America Comprehensive information on antiphospholipid antibodies and systemic lupus erythematosus. University of Michigan Health System Excellent information on the syndrome.

33. Antiphospholipid Syndrome Review antiphospholipid syndrome. Timothy P. Collins, MD. Venous thrombosesare more common than arterial thromboses in the antiphospholipid syndrome. http://www.amc.edu/amr/current/review02.html

Contents Director One Two ... Topic 1 Topic 2 EKG Rad 1 Rad 2 AMR - October Review - Antiphospholipid Syndrome Timothy P. Collins, MD The lupus anticoagulants, anticardiolipin antibodies and anti-beta2 glycoprotein I antibodies are autoimmune antibodies against phospholipids or plasma proteins bound to anionic phospholipids and comprise a clinical paradox of thromboembolic disease called the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Classically, it is a reflex lab test ordered as a part of any hypercoagulable work-up. In this review, I hope to simplify this complex autoimmune phenomenon to the basic epidemiology, clinical manifestations, treatment and the diagnostic criteria as recently proposed by the International Consensus and American College of Hematology. It has been reported that antiphospholipid antibodies are found among young, apparently healthy individuals at a prevalence of 1 to 5% for both anticardiolipin antibodies and the lupus anticoagulant (Petri et al.). As with other autoimmune phenomenon, the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies increases with age and with coexistent chronic disease. Not surprisingly, the prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies is considerably higher in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (Avcin et al.).

34. Antiphospholipid Syndrome Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (APS) FellowMark Curran, MD .Conference held9/18/97. Criteriafor the Diagnosis of Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome. http://prl.humc.edu/obgyn/web/fellow/conferences/antiph.htm

Harbor/UCLA Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (APS) Fellow:Mark Curran, MD .Conference held:9/18/97 Introduction Antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies are immunoglobulins (IgG or IgM) that react with phospholipids , nucleic acids, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Lupus anticoagulant (LA) and anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) are the most widely studied . However, less well characterized aPL autoantibodies distinct from LAC and aCL have been demonstrated that recognize CL in combination with APC, protein S, and prothrombin as antigen and are capable of promoting abnormal coagulation. REF:Blood 81:1993,2618-2625. LA and aCL reportedly occur in 5-15% of patients with SLE. aCL and LA occurs in 2% in 0.3% of the general obstetric population. The effects of aPL are multifold. Affecting both humoral and cellular components involved in hemostasis. aPLs typically need to interact with certain plasma proteins in order to react with negatively charged phospholipid. In particular, the procoagulant effect of aCL is a result of its ability to enhance the anticoagulant activity of b2GPI. b -GPI is a serum glycoprotein that binds to negatively charged molecules, such as heparin, anionic phospholipids, and DNA.

35. Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APLS) antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS). What is antiphospholipid syndrome?A phospholipid is a fat (lipid) that contains phosphorous. It http://216.185.102.50/Heart_and_Stroke_A_Z_Guide/apls.html

ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME (APLS) What is antiphospholipid syndrome? A phospholipid is a fat (lipid) that contains phosphorous. It undergoes hydrolysis , meaning it splits into fatty acids, glycerin and a nitrogen compound when water is added. The antiphospholipid syndrome (A.P.L.S.) is defined by antiphospholipid antibodies and blood clots forming in blood vessels, recurrent pregnancy loss, or a decrease in the number of blood platelets. What causes it, and what are the problems with it? This syndrome can occur by itself (primary) or be caused by an underlying condition (secondary). About a third of patients with primary APLS have heart valve abnormalities. Valve lesions associated with APLS occur as masses (nonbacterial vegetations) or thickening. Both masses and thickening can affect how well valves work, although valve problems are much more common with thickening. The main problem is regurgitation , which is leaking blood backward through the valves. The mitral valve is mainly affected, followed by the aortic valve.

36. Men With Lupus And Antiphospholipid Syndrome Men With Lupus and antiphospholipid syndrome. Only about 10% of lupus patientsare men, although the figure may be higher for antiphospholipid syndrome. http://www.lupusmn.org/Articles/General/Men/Men with lupus and antiphospholipid

Men With Lupus and Antiphospholipid Syndrome “Why don’t they ever write about me?” I have heard that question so often that it might have occurred to me to volunteer to write something myself, but it did not, so Henrietta Aladjem, editor of Lupus World , volunteered me instead. The reasons “they don’t write about men are, I think, basically two: 1) thoughtlessness on the part of my colleagues and myself, and 2) there is not a whole lot to say. For the first, I apologize. Sexism, it seems, works in both directions. For the second, most of what is known about male-female differences in lupus or in antiphospholipid syndrome is fairly soft and not very dramatic information. Only about 10% of lupus patients are men, although the figure may be higher for antiphospholipid syndrome. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome consists of recurrent blood clots (such as strokes, or clots in the veins of the legs) and, in women, recurrent miscarriages, associated with anticardiolipin antibody or lupus anticoagulant. (Together these antibodies are called antiphospholipid antibodies.)

37. Information About Antiphospholipid Syndrome Information About the antiphospholipid syndrome. The following article wastaken directly from the Registry for antiphospholipid syndrome at the St. http://www.lupusmn.org/Articles/General/Common Overlap Conditions/Antiphospholip

Information About the Antiphospholipid Syndrome The following article was taken directly from the Registry for Antiphospholipid Syndrome at the St. Lukes-Roosevelt Hospital Center web site. The antiphospholipid syndrome is a blood clotting disorder that can sometimes lead to strokes, heart attacks, miscarriages, and other serious problems. This disorder is relatively common in patients with lupus (SLE), but it is also found in people who do not have lupus. The antiphospholipid syndrome is diagnosed when a person with a blood clotting problem is found to have one or more autoantibodies in their blood. Autoantibodies are proteins made by the immune system. Normally the purpose of immune antibodies is to attack foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses. Instead of attacking foreign substances, however, autoantibody proteins can stick to parts of a person’s own body. This can interfere with important bodily functions or it can cause generalized inflammation. It is probably normal for transient autoantibodies to arise from time to time, especially during infections, but under most circumstances the immune system will rapidly compensate for the presence of these potentially harmful antibodies, either by covering them up with other antibodies or by quickly stopping their manufacture. In people with the antiphospholipid syndrome, as in people with other autoimmune diseases, the autoantibodies may persist for many years, eventually leading to harmful consequences.

38. Monicas Lupus - Associated Autoimmune Conditions - Antiphospholipid antiphospholipid syndrome. The syndrome was discovered by Dr Graham Hughes and namedthe Hughes Syndrome. Antiphospholipid, Sticky blood, Hughes Syndrome, Lupus. http://www.monicaslupus.co.uk/antiph.htm

Antiphospholipid Syndrome T he syndrome was discovered by Dr Graham Hughes and named the Hughes Syndrome. Although this syndrome was first discovered in lupus patients it is now recognised that many, if not the majority, of patients with Hughes’ syndrome have no other features of lupus nor will they develop lupus in the future as Dr Hughes succinctly puts it in his paper "Some Lupus patients have Antiphospholipid Syndrome but not many!" In 1983 Dr Graham Hughes and his colleagues described a condition often known as “sticky blood”, in which there was a danger of thrombosis. Patients with the syndrome were at risk, both from vein thrombosis (including DVT’s ), and in some, more dangerous arterial thrombosis, including a risk of strokes and heart attacks. In women with the syndrome, the “sticky blood” is unable to get through the sensitive small blood vessels to the fetus, and there is a risk of miscarriage. Fortunately, the syndrome is usually detected by a simple blood test, and correct treatment is effective – usually very effective. The aim of the treatment is to thin the blood – the commonly used medicines being either low dose (‘junior’) aspirin, heparin or

39. Arthritis: Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome (CAPS) OTHER TOPICS. SLE. Fibromyalgia. Sepsis. Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome(CAPS) Juan Javier Lichauco, MD, Jayashree Sinha, MD,, and Peter Barland, MD Drs. http://www.thedoctorwillseeyounow.com/articles/arthritis/caps_9/

IN THIS ARTICLE What is it? Symptoms Treatment Double whammy! Carriers of a breast cancer mutation have a greater risk of getting ovarian cancer. more... OTHER TOPICS SLE Fibromyalgia Sepsis Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome (CAPS) Juan Javier Lichauco, M.D., Jayashree Sinha, M.D., , and Peter Barland, M.D. Drs. Lichauco and Sinha are Fellows in Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York. Drs. Lichauco, Sinha and Barland report no commercial conflicts of interest. A young woman is brought to the hospital with a frightening array of problems, any one of which could be fatal. Her kidneys and heart are barely functioning. She is having difficulty breathing and her skin is covered with purplish blotches. On top of all this, she seems mentally confused and may have had a stroke. At first, the doctors are stumped. Fearing some kind of virulent infection or poisoning, which might have caused these symptoms, they give the young woman antibiotics and dialysis treatment to aid her failing kidneys. Unfortunately, in this woman's case, the cause was neither infection nor poisoning but, instead, a rare and mysterious illness called CAPS, catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. What Is It?

40. University Of Miami School Of Medicine - Glossary - Antiphospholipid Syndrome Diseases and Conditions. antiphospholipid syndrome. antiphospholipid syndrome. Whatis the antiphospholipid syndrome? What causes the antiphospholipid syndrome? http://www.med.miami.edu/patients/glossary/art.asp?articlekey=277

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