41. Department Of Neurosurgery Of Mount Sinai School Of Medicine NeuroOncology Division Brain Tumor Program. craniosynostosis. Isabelle M.Germano, MD, FACS Associate Professor. What is craniosynostosis? http://www.mssm.edu/neurosurgery/germano/craniosynostosis.shtml

Neuro-Oncology Division Brain Tumor Program Craniosynostosis Isabelle M. Germano, M.D., F.A.C.S. Associate Professor What is craniosynostosis In the newborn, the seven bones that compose the skull are separated by soft spots called sutures and fontanelles Craniosynostosis is a term that describes premature or early closure of one or more of these sutures The deformity that results depends on which suture(s) is involved. The cause of this condition is not known. Some of the craniosynostosis conditions can be passed between generations of families. Consequently, it is important that all affected children have a genetics evaluation. What are the different types of craniosynostosis One (single) or more (multiple) sutures can close. Single craniosynostoses generally occur in a noninherited fashion. Multiple craniosynostoses are usually associated with facial and extremity anomalies and tend to be inherited. What are the different types of single craniosynostosis? Sagittal synostosis results from premature closure of the midline suture, called the sagittal suture . This suture runs from the front to the back of the skull. The skull becomes elongated and narrow. The condition of this abnormal head shape is called scaphocephaly Metopic synostosis results from closure of the forehead suture

42. Craniosynostosis http://www.crouzon.org/craniosynostosis.html

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43. HealthlinkUSA Craniosynostosis Links packages. AhHa. Click here for page 1 of craniosynostosis informationfrom the HealthlinkUSA directory. Save on Drugs Here. Accutane; http://www.healthlinkusa.com/420ent.htm

44. Craniosynostosis; Treatment, Prevention, Cure craniosynostosisSearch information from many of the best craniosynostosis healthsites. Click here to go to the next page of craniosynostosis links 1 2 3 Next http://www.healthlinkusa.com/content/420.html

Latest Health News Find Drug Information Health Calculators All Words Any Words A B C D ... Z Sunday, March 30, 2003 Alternative therapy struggles to bridge East-West divide Click here to read more Doctors are not following guidelines recommending flu and pneumonia vaccinations for hospitalized adults, leaving millions of elderly patients vulnerable to potentially deadly ailment Click here to read more A helping hand for uninsured; Agencies find ways to provide health care for area children Click here to read more The government has approved the first generic version of the acne drug, Accutane Click here to read more Gates to give India $100m for AIDS; Microsoft CEO begins controversy-laced trip to fight virus Click here to read more Allergies and Asthma Alternative Medicine Arthritis and Your Health ... Women's Health Sunday March 30, 2003 Spina Bifida: Spina Bifida is a rare birth disorder, affecting approximately 1 in 12-1400 live births. Click here to learn more Craniosynostosis: Sagittal Synostosis...males are affected about three times as often as females. Click here to learn more Spinal Cord Injury: Acts of violence have now overtaken falls as the second most common source of spinal cord injury.

45. Craniosynostosis craniosynostosis. Definition. Child with normal head size and shape does not havecraniosynostosis. • Natural history of uncorrected craniosynostosis. http://www.ucch.org/sections/neurosurg/NeuroReview/11-Pediatrics/Craniosynostosi

Craniosynostosis Definition Classification Affected Suture single suture synostosis (as listed below), while the minority are syndromic (i.e. Apert's, Crouzon's, and Phieffer's). Saggital (most common) Coronal Lambdoid (least common) Metopic Multiple suture synostosis Morphological Scaphocephaly . Elongated in AP direction and narrow in biparietal dimension with a posterior "keel" and a frontal "boss". Trigonocephaly . Pointed forehead and triangular skull. Plagiocephaly Anterior. Anterior flattening of one portion of skull. Posterior. Posterior flattening of one portion of skull. Brachycephaly . Broadening of skull with short AP diameter, recessed lower forehead and supraorbital boss. Oxycephaly . Pointed skull. Turicephaly . Very high pointed skull with vertical forehead. Epidemiology Etiology Congenital Metabolic conditions affecting bone formation. Skull base abnormality with transmission of force by dural bands. Intrauterine events, genetic determinants, syndromes (e.g., Crouzon's, Apert's). Teratogens (phenytoin, valproate, aminopterin, vitamin A).

46. Craniosynostosis In Children - Keep Kids Healthy craniosynostosis is from early closure of the sutures of the skulland can lead to a misshapened head. craniosynostosis. To help http://www.keepkidshealthy.com/welcome/conditions/craniosynostosis.html

Bookstore Site Map Contact Us Help ... Free Web Pages! Search this site: Advanced Search Free Newsletters Main Menu Useful Tools Index of Topics Pediatric Problems New! Parenting Tips Symptom Guide Nutrition Immunizations ... Web Links Online Resources What's New Reviews New! Growth Charts Online Forums Vaccine Schedule Baby Names Guide ... Height Calculator Newsletters: Subscribe to get free news, tips and updates. Recommend Us tell a friend about us or email this page to a friend Baby Books Main Diseases and Conditions Craniosynostosis To help manage the molding that many newborns have as they go through the birth canal and then to deal with the brains rapid growth in the first years of life, the bones of an infant's skull are separated by the cranial sutures (sagittal, right and left coronal and lambdoid and the metopic suture) and fontanels (the soft spot). If one or more of these sutures close early (synostosis), it can lead to a condition called craniosynostosis, which can affect the shape of your child's head and face and if severe, can cause raised intracranial pressure (although this is uncommon in simple craniosynostosis, when only a single suture is closed). Related Topics Positional Plagiocephaly It is usually not known what causes craniosynostosis. It is more common in

47. Craniosynostosis, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center Information about craniosynostosis, including symptoms and treatment, providedby Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. craniosynostosis. http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/Health_Topics/Your_Childs_Health/Neurology/Co

Your Child's Health Brain, Spinal Cord and Nerves Conditions and Diagnoses Overview ... Chiari Malformation Craniosynostosis Home Care Overview Tests and Procedures Conditions and Diagnoses Craniosynostosis What is craniosynostosis? Craniosynostosis is the premature or early fusing of one or more bones of the skull. The newborn's skull is made up of many separate bones that are not yet fused together. A suture is the term for the seam between two skull bones. This allows the skull to grow quickly in response to the rapid brain growth that takes place in the first two years of life. Craniosynostosis interferes with this normal growth of the brain and skull. Symptoms to look for Abnormal head shape Increased pressure on the brain (over time) Slow head growth Craniosynostosis causes a change in the normal shape of the head. The fused sutures cannot grow and the open sutures (the normal bones) then grow more to allow enough room for brain growth. In many children the only symptom may be an atypically shaped head. Some, however, will experience abnormally high pressure on the brain. Early in life the brain is spared damage from this pressure by the other bones growing to accommodate the growing brain. It cannot be predicted which children will develop this pressure problem. However, the likelihood of increased pressure is higher with more than one (multiple) suture fused. Children who have pancraniosynostosis (all the large sutures fused) have a very high risk of increased pressure. Another cause of an atypically shaped head in an infant is

48. Plastic Surgery - Craniosynostosis - Methodist Health Care System, Houston, Texa craniosynostosis (Craniofacial Anomaly). What is craniosynostosis?The normal What causes craniosynostosis? craniosynostosis occurs http://www.methodisthealth.com/plassurg/cranio.htm

Plastic Surgery Home Page La cirugía plástica (en español) Clinical Services The Methodist Hospital Methodist Diiagnostic Hospital Methodist Sugar Land Hospital Methodist Willowbrook Hospital ... Appointment Craniosynostosis (Craniofacial Anomaly) What is craniosynostosis? The normal skull consists of several plates of bone that are separated by sutures. The sutures (fibrous joints) are found between the bony plates in the head. As the infant grows and develops, the sutures close, forming a solid piece of bone, called the skull. Craniosynostosis is a condition in which the sutures close too early, causing problems with normal brain and skull growth. Premature closure of the sutures may also cause the pressure inside of the head to increase and the skull or facial bones to change from a normal, symmetrical appearance. What causes craniosynostosis? Craniosynostosis occurs in one out of 2,000 live births and affects males twice as often as females. Craniosynostosis is most often sporadic (occurs by chance). In some families, craniosynostosis is inherited in one of two ways:

49. Phrenic Nerve Injury From Birth Trauma craniosynostosis Trigonocephaly. Occiput may appear more pointed. Sagittal Synostosis(Scaphocephaly) Most common craniosynostosis form (1 in 4200 births); http://www.fpnotebook.com/NIC70.htm

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50. Craniosynostosis Craniofacial Anomalies. • craniosynostosis. Hydrocephalus. Spina Bifida. Oneof the most common is craniosynostosis or craniostenosis. craniosynostosis. http://www.cinn.org/ibsc/pediatric/craniosynostosis.html

Craniofacial Anomalies Craniosynostosis Hydrocephalus Spina Bifida Spina Bifida Occulta (hidden) ... Tethered Spinal Cord Tumors Brain tumors Spinal Cord Tumors Spasticity Vascular ... Vein of Galen Malformations (VGM) Craniosynostosis Causes The specific cause of craniosynostosis is not known, however, some particular types of craniosynostses are associated with chromosomal abnormalities. Recently, a possible association between craniosynostosis and maternal cigarette smoking has been shown to exist. Symptoms The symptoms of craniosynostosis depend on which cranial sutures are involved and how many. The possibilities range from cosmetic concerns to seizures, blindness, developmental delay, mental retardation and increased intracranial pressure. Diagnosis Treatment Surgery is the usual treatment for most cases of craniosynostosis. The timing and type of surgery is very much dependent on the type of craniosynostosis. In some rare cases of multiple cranial suture involvement, urgent surgery may be necessary to relieve elevated intracranial pressure. CINN works with the team at the Rush Craniofacial Center to repair the problem. This multidisciplinary team consists of the following professionals: Pediatric neurosurgeon Plastic surgeon Dentist

51. UCLA NEUROSURGERY | Pediatric Diseases & Disorders PEDIATRIC DISEASES DISORDERS craniosynostosis. What is craniosynostosis? craniosynostosisrefers to a state of premature closure of cranial sutures. http://www.neurosurgery.medsch.ucla.edu/Diagnoses/Pediatric/PediatricDis_2.html

Craniosynostosis PEDIATRIC PROGRAM PEDIATRIC EPILEPSY SURGERY PROGRAM PEDIATRIC DIAGNOSES INDEX What is craniosynostosis? Craniosynostosis refers to a state of premature closure of cranial sutures. Craniosynostosis is pathologic only when it occurs abnormally early in development. How common is Craniosynostosis? Craniosynostosis is reported to occur approximately once per 1900 live births. There is considerable variation in the severity of the cosmetic manifestations, and the less severe ones are often not recognized or recorded. Is Craniosynostosis inherited? There is no evidence of a familial disorder or recognized syndrome in the great majority of patients with premature closure of a single suture. Craniosynostosis can occur as a part of a larger pattern of abnormalities. The list of syndromes associated with craniosynostosis is very large and includes 11 chromosomal syndromes, 27 monogenic syndromes (e.g. Apert's and Crouzon's syndrome), two teratogen-induced syndromes, and 18 syndromes of unknown cause. How is Craniosynostosis classified?

52. CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS craniosynostosis Dr. A. Vincent Thamburaj. http//www.neurosurgery.org/focus/feb97/22-5.html.http//www.muhealth.org/~neuromedicine/craniosynostosis.shtml. http://www.thamburaj.com/craniosynostosis.htm

Craniosynostosis: Dr. A. Vincent Thamburaj. N eurosurgeon, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai , India. You may try the links, recommended below, for more. Craniosynostosis is the premature partial or complete ossification of one or more of the sutures separating the membranous bones of the skull. Primary craniosynostosis is almost always present prenatally except in some with cranio facial syndromes of Crouzan's, Apert's and Carpenter's type in whom progressive postnatal closure may occur. It is called 'simple' when one suture is involved,’ compound' when more than one is involved. Secondary stenosis occurs in children with microcephaly and in some who have had shunts in place for hydrocephalus. In some Rickets, Hyperthyroidism, Thalassaemia, or Mucopolysaccharidosis may be associated. PATHOGENESIS: The cranial vault develops intramembranous bone formation between the periosteum and the dura. This process begins during the 6th week of embryonic development. The posterior fontanel closes at 3 mths of age and the anterior one, at 8mths of age. The bones ossify by the end of first year. The skull growth ceases by 10-12 yrs of age. The ossification of the cranial sutures occurs by the 4th-5th decade. The base develops from a series of primordial cartilages that undergo ossification. The growth of the base proceeds at a slower rate. The skull contains two types of sutures- syndesmoses and synchondroses.

53. Craniosynostosis What is craniosynostosis? craniosynostosis is a congenital anomalycharacterized by premature closure, before the completion of http://babyparenting.about.com/library/blCraniosynostosis.htm

zfp=-1 About Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting with Lynn M. Johnson Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects BUYER'S GUIDE Before You Buy Top Picks Potty Training Books ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement What is Craniosynostosis? Craniosynostosis is a congenital anomaly characterized by premature closure, before the completion of brain growth, of one or more cranial sutures (the fibrous joints between the bones of the skull). The disorder results in an abnormality of the shape of the skull. The condition may be familial; a result of a chromosomal or genetic abnormality; or it may occur sporadically, with no other affected relatives. Some cases are associated with disorders such as microcephaly (abnormally small head) and hydrocephalus (excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain). The first sign is an abnormal head shape. Other symptoms, which include increased intracranial pressure, developmental delay, and mental retardation, may be caused by constriction of the growing brain. Seizures and blindness may also occur. Is there any treatment?

54. Craniosynostosis / Craniofacial Anomaly - Plastic Surgery Health Guide Definition, causes, diagnosing and treatments of craniosynostosis / craniofacialanomaly. Plastic Surgery. craniosynostosis (Craniofacial Anomaly). http://www.umm.edu/plassurg/cranio.htm

Plastic Surgery Overview of Plastic Surgery... Cosmetic Plastic Surgery... Reconstructive Plastic Surgery... ... Index Related Resources Within UMM Plastic Surgery Plastic Surgery Craniosynostosis (Craniofacial Anomaly) Other conditions in which craniofacial anomalies may occur: Apert's Syndrome - The head usually appears short in the front and back and may be pointed at the top. Other characteristics may include webbed fingers and toes, widely spaced and protruding eyes, and dental crowding. Carpenter Syndrome - This syndrome typically includes traits such as abnormally short fingers, webbed toes, extra toes, underdeveloped jaw, highly arched palate, widely spaced eyes, and/or low-set, deformed ears. Half of patients with Carpenter syndrome also have heart defects. Cleft Palate / Cleft Lip - The incomplete closure of the lip and/or the roof of the mouth results in this defect. Crouzon's Syndrome - Characterized by abnormalities in the skull and facial bones, this syndrome often causes the skull to be short in the front and the back. Flat cheek bones and a flat nose are also typical of this disorder. Pfeiffer Syndrome - This rare disorder is characterized by abnormalities of the skull, hands, and feet.

55. Pediatric Skull Deformities: Children's Healthcare Of Atlanta craniosynostosis. Positionrelated Head Deformities. Helmet Therapy. CraniofacialDisorders Pediatric Skull Deformities craniosynostosis. Pre-surgical turricephaly. http://www.choa.org/library/craniofacial/skull/cranios.shtml

For more information Janice Rouille, RN janice.rouille@choa.org Contents Introduction Craniosynostosis Position-related Head Deformities ... Craniofacial Disorders Pediatric Skull Deformities Craniosynostosis Pre-surgical turricephaly Post-surgical turricephaly Fusion of the sagittal suture occurs most frequently, producing an elongated, boat-shape skull or scaphocephaly. Other types of craniosynostosis occur because of fusion of the metopic, coronal and, rarely, the lambdoid sutures. In certain children, associated changes around the eyes and face may occur because to the fusion of the sutures in the cranial base. When this occurs, the child often has an associated craniofacial syndrome that must be diagnosed by a skilled geneticist. Next topic: Position-related Head Deformities Privacy Statement

56. Craniosynostosis -- Discovery Health -- Facial Malformations discoveryhealth.com, craniosynostosis. craniosynostosis deformity. Infants bornwith abnormal skull shapes should be suspected of having craniosynostosis. http://health.discovery.com/stories/gift/cranio.html

Craniosynostosis Craniosynostosis can be defined as the premature closing of one or more of the normally present bony gaps between the different bones of the skull. These linear areas that separate the bones are called cranial sutures. They are the growth centers of the skull. Approximately one infant in every 2,000 births will have a premature closure of a cranial suture associated with a skull deformity. Infants born with abnormal skull shapes should be suspected of having craniosynostosis. However, abnormal skull shapes at birth may be related to fetal head position or birth trauma; this type of deformity will usually correct itself in several months. True craniosynostosis will not improve with time and usually worsens with growth. On examination palpation of the abnormal portion of the head often reveals a ridge in the area of the fused suture. Once craniosynostosis is suspected, the diagnosis can be verified with plain skull radiographs and CT scans. Patients with craniosynostosis need to be evaluated and treated at a recognized craniofacial center with a team approach. Craniosynostosis is one of the multiple deformities characteristic in patients with complex craniofacial syndromes such Apert's and Crouzon's.

57. Diseases And Conditions -- Discovery Health -- Craniosynostosis craniosynostosis is the premature closure of the spaces between thebones that make up the skull. craniosynostosis By Susan Woods, MD. http://health.discovery.com/diseasesandcond/encyclopedia/2667.html

craniosynostosis By Susan Woods, MD Craniosynostosis is the premature closure of the spaces between the bones that make up the skull. What is going on in the body? In the growing child, the skull is made up of a number of bony plates. The bony plates are separated by sutures. As a baby reaches his or her first year of life, the bony plates of the skull become closer and eventually fuse together. The size and shape of the skull more or less reflect the size and shape of the brain. In a baby with craniosynostosis, one or more of the skull sutures stop growing before brain growth is complete. It can lead to constriction of the brain and deformity of the skull and facial structures. What are the signs and symptoms of the disease? Craniosynostosis is usually identified when a parent or healthcare provider see an asymmetry in the shape of the baby's skull. When symptoms do occur, they may include: early closure of the soft spot at the front top of the head a ridge in one of the suture lines that can be seen or felt vision and hearing problems slow growth of head circumference What are the causes and risks of the disease?

58. Craniosynostosis Comments , Larry Boehm, Webist Comments about muhealth.org's craniosynostosis. I wanted you to know how successfulour craniosynostosis Web site has been since it was developed last summer. http://www.missouri.edu/~lboehm/commentscranio.shtml

Larry Boehm Webist MU Extension 1-98 Agricultural Building Columbia, MO 65211-7160 COMMENTS ON MUHEALTH.ORG Babyfaces Clinton visit Craniosynostosis ... Photo pages Building relationships daily through MU Health Care's web service Comments about muhealth.org's Craniosynostosis I'm the father of the 131st patient of Dr. Jimenez and Dr. Barone. God Bless Dr. Jimenez and Dr. Barone. L Stephens Mustang, Oklahoma I wanted you to know how successful our craniosynostosis Web site has been since it was developed last summer. We have received many, many inquiries about the new technique to treat craniosynostosis that Dr. Jimenez and Dr. Barone developed. We have done surgery on patients as a direct result of the internet. Already 11 families have seen our web site and brought their babies here for the endoscopic strip craniectomy surgery (it is only done here). These families are from Alaska, North Carolina, Baltimore, Chicago, Wisconsin, Kentucky, Oklahoma, Florida and Missouri and would not have come had they not "surfed the net" for information on craniosynostosis. I have several e-mail and phone inquiries daily. The internet is a powerful tool, one that is being used more and more by parents seeking information about doing the best thing for their children. Larry Boehm is in the process of revising the current website which should bring even more patients to Children's Hospital for care.

59. Craniosynostosis by only one click For Medical Professionals only. craniosynostosis,,Print this article, premature fusion of one or more of the http://www.amershamhealth.com/medcyclopaedia/Volume III 1/craniosynostosis.html

Medcyclopaedia About Medcyclopaedia Amersham Health Search for: Type a word or a phrase. All forms of the word are searchable. Advanced search Browse entry words starting with: A B C D ... Other characters Try our Medcyclopaedia Premium Edition with added tools and functionality tailored to make your working day easier. The following tools are presently available: Expanded search *For Medical Professionals only, registration required Craniosynostosis, premature fusion of one or more of the calvarial sutures, resulting in local cessation of growth and distortion of the calvarium. Identification of the affected sutures can be done with plain radiographs, (see bone maturation ) and CT scanning is useful in delineating associated abnormalities of the face and central nervous system. Involved sutures appear as straight rather than a serrated radiolucent lines, as regions of bone proliferation at the suture line, or as frank osseous fusion. Craniosynostoses can be primary (occurring as an isolated phenomenon or in conjunction with other malformation syndromes) or secondary (occurring in association with rickets, hypophosphatasia, thyroid disorders, and hypercalcaemia or after surgical decompression of the intracranial contents). Certain patients with craniosynostosis have characteristic abnormalities of the limbs (see acrocephalopolysyndactyly acrocephalosyndactyly ). Most commonly the sagittal suture alone is involved, and the patient has an increased anteroposterior diameter of the skull and a decreased biparietal diameter. Bilateral synostosis of the coronal sutures is characterized by a skull with a small anteroposterior diameter, often with a decrease in the depth of the orbits and hypoplasia of the maxillae. Unilateral closure of one of the coronal sutures leads to flattening of the orbit on the involved side. This abnormality is visualized best with the submentovertical projection of the skull. The frontal projection shows a classic harlequin-shaped orbit. Unilateral closure of a lambdoid suture produces flattening the back of the head on the involved side (

60. Craniosynostosis craniosynostosis,, Print this article, craniosynostosis, Table 1. Primarysuture fusions with their corresponding skull deformities. http://www.amershamhealth.com/medcyclopaedia/Volume VI 1/craniosynostosis.html

Medcyclopaedia About Medcyclopaedia Amersham Health Search for: Type a word or a phrase. All forms of the word are searchable. Advanced search Browse entry words starting with: A B C D ... Other characters Try our Medcyclopaedia Premium Edition with added tools and functionality tailored to make your working day easier. The following tools are presently available: Expanded search *For Medical Professionals only, registration required Craniosynostosis, premature suture fusion, usually associated with some form of cranial deformity. Fusion may involve single or multiple sutures and may be primary and isolated, primary and part of a wider spectrum of anomalies in different congenital syndromes, or secondary to different causes. Craniosynostosis, Table 1. Primary suture fusions with their corresponding skull deformities. Coronal, unilateral Plagiocephaly Coronal, bilateral Brachycephaly Metopic Trigonocephaly Sagittal Scaphocephaly (dolichocephaly) Lambdoid, unilateral Plagiocephaly Lambdoid, bilateral Brachycephaly Coronal, sagittal

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