21. Von_Neumann Biography, links, and six photographs. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Von_Neumann.html

John von Neumann Born: 28 Dec 1903 in Budapest, Hungary Died: 8 Feb 1957 in Washington D.C., USA Click the picture above to see seven larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index John von Neumann As a child von Neumann showed he had an incredible memory. Poundstone, in [7], writes:- At the age of six, he was able to exchange jokes with his father in classical Greek. The Neumann family sometimes entertained guests with demonstrations of Johnny's ability to memorise phone books. A guest would select a page and column of the phone book at random. Young Johnny read the column over a few times, then handed the book back to the guest. He could answer any question put to him who has number such and such? or recite names, addresses, and numbers in order. In 1911 von Neumann entered the Lutheran Gymnasium . The school had a strong academic tradition which seemed to count for more than the religious affiliation both in the Neumann's eyes and in those of the school. His mathematics teacher quickly recognised von Neumann's genius and special tuition was put on for him. The school had another outstanding mathematician one year ahead of von Neumann, namely Eugene Wigner In 1921 von Neumann completed his education at the Lutheran Gymnasium. His first mathematics paper written jointly with Fekete, the assistant at the University of Budapest who had been tutoring him, was published in 1922. However Max Neumann did not want his son to take up a subject that would not bring him wealth. Max Neumann asked Theodore von

22. John Von Neumann Page with short bio of john von neumann. von neumann, john. (1903 1957). von neumann studied chemistry at the University of Berlin and, at Technische http://www.dam.brown.edu/people/yiannis/neuman.html

von Neumann , John Von Neumann Von Neumann was privatdocent (lecturer) at Berlin in 1926-29 and at the University of Hamburg in 1929-30. During this time he worked mainly on quantum physics and operator theory. Largely because of his work, quantum physics and operator theory can be viewed as two aspects of the same subject. In 1930 von Neumann was visiting lecturer at Princeton University; he was appointed professor in 1931. In 1932 he gave a precise formulation and proof of the "ergodic hypothesis" of statistical mathematics. His book on quantum mechanics, The Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, published in 1932, remains a standard treatment of the subject. In 1933 he became a professor at the newly founded Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, keeping that position for the rest of his life. Meanwhile, he turned his attention to the challenge made in 1900 by a German mathematician, David Hilbert, who proposed 23 basic theoretical problems for 20th-century mathematical research. Von Neumann solved a special case of Hilbert's fifth problem, the case of compact groups.

23. John Von Neumann, 1903-1957 john von neumann es un matemático húngaro considerado por muchos como la mente más genial del siglo XX, comparable http://www.eumed.net/cursecon/economistas/neumann.htm

John von Neumann, 1903-1957 John von Neumann es un matemático húngaro considerado por muchos como la mente más genial del siglo XX, comparable solo a la de Albert Einstein. A pesar de ser completamente desconocido para el "hombre de la calle", la trascendencia práctica de su actividad científica puede vislumbrarse al considerar que participó activamente en el Proyecto Manhattan, el grupo de científicos que creó la primera bomba atómica, que participó y dirigió la producción y puesta a punto de los primeros ordenadores o que, como científico asesor del Consejo de Seguridad de los Estados Unidos en los años cincuenta, tuvo un papel muy destacado (aunque secreto y no muy bien conocido) en el diseño de la estrategia de la guerra fría. Nicholas Kaldor dijo de él "Es sin duda alguna lo más parecido a un genio que me haya encontrado jamás". Nació en Budapest, Hungría, hijo de un rico banquero judío. Tuvo una educación esmerada. Se doctoró en matemáticas por la Universidad de Budapest y en químicas por la Universidad de Zurich. En 1927 empezó a trabajar en la Universidad de Berlín. En 1932 se traslada a los Estados Unidos donde trabajará en el Instituto de Estudios Avanzados de Princeton. Sus aportaciones a la ciencia económica se centran en dos campos: Es el creador del campo de la Teoría de Juegos . En 1928 publica el primer artículo sobre este tema. En 1944, en colaboración con

24. NJSZT Website Frame Index Hungarian group promoting research and computer literacy, and facilitating the exchange of information and experience between computing professionals. Contains a description of the group and its activities. Hungarian/English http://www.njszt.hu/51english/frindex.htm

25. IEEE John Von Neumann Medal: Ivan Sutherland Receives Ivan Sutherland Receives IEEE Medal. Announcement and very brief biography. http://www.sun.com/971209/ieee/

IEEE John Von Neumann Medal Award Ivan Sutherland Receives IEEE Medal The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) has awarded Ivan Sutherland , Sun Vice President and Fellow, the IEEE John Von Neumann Medal for pioneering contributions to computer graphics and microelectronic design, and leadership in the support of computer science and engineering research." The award, sponsored by IBM Corporation, is merely the latest achievement in a remarkably distinguished career for Ivan. Having also been honored recently with the Smithsonian Price Waterhouse Information Technology Leadership Award for Lifetime Achievement, Ivan's first experience with a computer was with SIMON, a relay-based mechanical computer that could add up to 15. Ivan reports his first big computer program was to make SIMON divide, and his division algorithm was the longest program ever written for SIMON a paper tape about eight feet long. From computer graphics and the head-mounted display that anticipated today's virtual reality systems, to robotics and integrated circuit design, and with his current position at Sun Microsystems Laboratories where he's exploring his Asynchronous System ideas, Ivan continues to relish tackling new challenges and technologies. Even with his long list of accomplishments, Ivan remains rather nonchalant in explaining what drives him. When asked why he does what he does, his response is "I just need to figure out how things work."

26. Von_Neumann Biography, links, and six photographs.Category Computers History Pioneers neumann, john von......john von neumann. Born 28 Dec 1903 in Budapest, Hungary Died 8 Feb 1957in Washington DC, USA. john von neumann was born János von neumann. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Von_Neumann.html

John von Neumann Born: 28 Dec 1903 in Budapest, Hungary Died: 8 Feb 1957 in Washington D.C., USA Click the picture above to see seven larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index John von Neumann As a child von Neumann showed he had an incredible memory. Poundstone, in [7], writes:- At the age of six, he was able to exchange jokes with his father in classical Greek. The Neumann family sometimes entertained guests with demonstrations of Johnny's ability to memorise phone books. A guest would select a page and column of the phone book at random. Young Johnny read the column over a few times, then handed the book back to the guest. He could answer any question put to him who has number such and such? or recite names, addresses, and numbers in order. In 1911 von Neumann entered the Lutheran Gymnasium . The school had a strong academic tradition which seemed to count for more than the religious affiliation both in the Neumann's eyes and in those of the school. His mathematics teacher quickly recognised von Neumann's genius and special tuition was put on for him. The school had another outstanding mathematician one year ahead of von Neumann, namely Eugene Wigner In 1921 von Neumann completed his education at the Lutheran Gymnasium. His first mathematics paper written jointly with Fekete, the assistant at the University of Budapest who had been tutoring him, was published in 1922. However Max Neumann did not want his son to take up a subject that would not bring him wealth. Max Neumann asked Theodore von

27. References For Von_Neumann Soc. 64 (1958), 100122. PD Lax, Remembering john von neumann, john von neumanna personal view, The legacy of john von neumann (Providence, RI, 1990), 5-7. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Von_Neumann.html

References for John von Neumann Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. Books: W Aspray, John von Neumann and the origins of modern computing (Cambridge, M., 1990). S J Heims, John von Neumann and Norbert Wiener: From mathematics to the technologies of life and death (Cambridge, MA, 1980). T Legendi and T Szentivanyi (eds.), Leben und Werk von John von Neumann (Mannheim, 1983). N Macrae, John von Neumann (New York, 1992). W Poundstone, Prisoner's dilemma (Oxford, 1993). N A Vonneuman, John von Neumann: as seen by his brother (Meadowbrook, PA, 1987). Articles: Life and work of John von Neumann (Mannheim, 1983), 11-43. H Araki, Some of the legacy of John von Neumann in physics: theory of measurement, quantum logic, and von Neumann algebras in physics, The legacy of John von Neumann (Providence, R.I., 1990), 119-136. W Aspray, The mathematical reception of the modern computer: John von Neumann and the Institute for Advanced Study computer, Studies in the history of mathematics (Washington, DC, 1987), 166-194.

28. NIC Series Volume 10: Quantum Simulations Of Complex Many-Body Systems: From The From a 2002 conference sponsored by the john von neumann Institute for Computing. http://www.fz-juelich.de/nic-series/volume10/volume10.html

NIC Series Volume 10 NIC Series Volume 10: Quantum Simulations of Complex Many-Body Systems: From Theory to Algorithms Lecture Notes edited by Johannes Grotendorst Dominik Marx Alejandro Muramatsu Winter School, 25 February - 01 March 2002, Rolduc Conference Centre, Kerkrade The Netherlands ISBN 3-00-009057-6 February 2002, 548 pages Preface HTML Time-Independent Quantum Simulation Methods Monte Carlo Methods: Overview and Basics PostScript PDF Diffusion and Green's Function Quantum Monte Carlo Methods James B. Anderson, The Pennsylvania State University, USA PostScript PDF Path Integral Monte Carlo David M. Ceperley, University of Illinois, USA PostScript PDF Exchange Frequencies in 2D Solids: Example of Helium 3 Adsorbed on Graphite and the Wigner Crystal David M. Ceperley, University of Illinois, USA PostScript PDF Reptation Quantum Monte Carlo Stefano Baroni, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Italy Saverio Moroni, Instituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia (INFM), Italy PostScript PDF Quantum Monte Carlo Methods on Lattices: The Determinantal Approach PostScript PDF Effective Hamiltonian Approach for Strongly Correlated Lattice Models Sandro Sorella, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Italy

29. Von Neumann, John - A Whatis Definition - See Also: John Von Neumann john von neumann. john von neumann was the scientist who conceived a fundamental idea that serves all modern computers http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0%2C%2Csid9_gci214025%2C00.html

Search our IT-specific encyclopedia for: or jump to a topic: Choose a topic... CIO CRM Databases Domino Enterprise Linux IBM S/390 IBM AS/400 Networking SAP Security Solaris Storage Systems Management Visual Basic Web Services Windows 2000 Windows Manageability Advanced Search Browse alphabetically: A B C D ... General Computing Terms John von Neumann John von Neumann was the scientist who conceived a fundamental idea that serves all modern computers - that a computer's program and the data that it processes do not have to be fed into the computer while it is working, but can be kept in the computer's memory - a notion generally referred to as the stored-program computer . In his short life, von Neumann became one of the most acclaimed and lauded scientists of the 20th century. He left an indelible mark on the fields of mathematics, quantum theory, game theory, nuclear physics, and computer science. Born in Budapest, von Neumann was a child prodigy who went on to study chemistry in Berlin and Zurich, where he earned a Diploma in Chemical Engineering in 1926. His doctorate in mathematics (on set theory) from the University of Budapest followed in the same year. After lecturing at Berlin and Hamburg, von Neumann emigrated to the US in 1930 where he worked at Princeton and was one of the founding members of the Institute for Advanced Studies. At Princeton, von Neumann lectured in the nascent field of

30. Zyvex Nanotechnology Sites: John Von Neumann assembling tomorrow Some web pages about john von neumann. john von neumann. johnvon neumann. john von neumann computing's cold warrior , by Nathan Myhrvold. http://www.zyvex.com/Publications/sites/vonneumann.html

Some web pages about John von Neumann John Von Neumann Various links to von Neumann and related work: A brief outline of the von Neumann architecture for a self replicating system John von Neumann "John von Neumann: computing's cold warrior", by Nathan Myhrvold John von Neumann ... Von Neumann's Universal Constructor A page discussing artificial self replication is available. Chapter 5 of Advanced Automation for Space Missions has a discussion of many of von Neumann's ideas, along with a more general discussion of artificial self replication.

31. References For Von_Neumann References for the biography of john von neumann A Adám, john von neumann, Life and work of john von neumann (Mannheim, 1983), 1143. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Von_Neumann.html

References for John von Neumann Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. Books: W Aspray, John von Neumann and the origins of modern computing (Cambridge, M., 1990). S J Heims, John von Neumann and Norbert Wiener: From mathematics to the technologies of life and death (Cambridge, MA, 1980). T Legendi and T Szentivanyi (eds.), Leben und Werk von John von Neumann (Mannheim, 1983). N Macrae, John von Neumann (New York, 1992). W Poundstone, Prisoner's dilemma (Oxford, 1993). N A Vonneuman, John von Neumann: as seen by his brother (Meadowbrook, PA, 1987). Articles: Life and work of John von Neumann (Mannheim, 1983), 11-43. H Araki, Some of the legacy of John von Neumann in physics: theory of measurement, quantum logic, and von Neumann algebras in physics, The legacy of John von Neumann (Providence, R.I., 1990), 119-136. W Aspray, The mathematical reception of the modern computer: John von Neumann and the Institute for Advanced Study computer, Studies in the history of mathematics (Washington, DC, 1987), 166-194.

32. INFORMS Von Neumann Theory Prize Winners About 1978 john von neumann Theory Prize winners Nash and Lemke for their outstanding contributions to the theory of games. http://www.informs.org/Prizes/vonNeumannDetails.html#1978

Go to INFORMS Page ... INFORMS Home What's New Info for Members Info for Nonmembers Conferences Continuing Education Education/Students Employment Prizes Publications Subdivisions Searchable Databases Links About this Web Site INFORMS Online Bookstore Discussion Search John von Neumann Theory Prize Winners This page contains details about each years winning submission(s). More general information about the award is also available. Cyrus Derman and Donald L. Iglehart The 2002 John von Neumann Theory Prize is awarded by the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences to Donald L. Iglehart and Cyrus Dermanfor their fundamental contributions to performance analysis and optimization of stochastic systems. Regenerative Simulation of Response Times in Networks of Queues ) and series of papers with Gerald Shedler developed many novel system performance models based on these ideas. His subsequent work, with his student Peter Glynn, significantly advanced the subject by incorporating techniques such as importance sampling. With Samuel Karlin, he studied the discounted infinite-horizon inventory problem in which product demands depend on a Markovian index of business conditions. He showed that the optimal ordering policy is base-stock and developed a beautiful and novel method of finding the index-dependent base-stock levels. Derman and Iglehart both took their Ph.D.s in Mathematical StatisticsDerman from Columbia and Iglehart from Stanfordand are Fellows of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics. Also, Derman is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association and Iglehart is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. Both were attracted to Operations Research very early in their careers and held appointments in the field in engineering schools for about four decades, largely in the institutions from which they took their Ph.D.s. Both are excellent teachers who have inspired many students. Indeed, the Ph.D. students of both have also won several significant prizes and honors, and have been prominent in industry, research laboratories and universities.

33. Konrad Zuse And His Computers By his son, Dr. Horst Zuse a guided tour of Zuse computers and companies, the Konrad Zuse Multimedia Show, and Konrad Zuse's versus john von neumann's computer concepts. http://irb.cs.tu-berlin.de/~zuse/Konrad_Zuse/

34. Von Neumann, John von neumann, john. von neumann, john (19031957), world-famous mathematician who was professor of mathematical physics http://mondrian.princeton.edu/CampusWWW/Companion/von_neumann_john.html

von Neumann, John von Neumann, John (1903-1957), world-famous mathematician who was professor of mathematical physics in the University and later a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study, was born on December 28, 1903, the son of a well-to-do banker in Budapest, Hungary. From the age of thirteen he showed a pronounced interest in mathematics, which was fostered by his teachers at the Lutheran High School of Budapest where Princeton's Nobel laureate physicist Eugene Wigner was also a student. After graduation from high school, von Neumann studied chemistry for two years in Berlin and for two years in Zurich but spent much of his time with mathematicians, taking a Ph.D. in mathematics at the University of Budapest not long after receiving his chemistry diploma at Zurich. Thereafter, he concentrated on mathematics and theoretical physics in further study at G”ttingen and Hamburg and after 1927 as a privatdozent in Berlin. In 1929 von Neumann accepted an invitation to come to Princeton as a visiting professor for one term. Given a continuing half-time appointment the following year, he spent one term each year in Princeton and one in Germany until 1933 when, at the age of 30, he accepted appointment as the youngest and one of the first professors in the newly founded Institute for Advanced Study. In 1937 he became a United States citizen. Von Neumann's brilliant work in mathematics also carried him into theoretical economics and technology as well as theoretical physics areas where he was able to make vital contributions not only to science but also to the welfare of his adopted country. His work in quantum mechanics gave him a profound knowledge concerning the application of nuclear energy to military and peacetime uses, enabling him to occupy an important place in the scientific councils of the nation. During the Second World War, he played a major role among the Los Alamos group of scientists who developed the atomic bomb. After the war he served on the advisory committee of the Atomic Energy Commission and on the commission itself from 1954 until his death.

35. John Von Neumann - Encyclopedia Article From Britannica.com Search john von neumann at Britannica.com for the Web's best sites, news and magazine articles, and related products. http://www.britannica.com/seo/j/john-von-neumann

36. John Von Neumann: Genius Of Man And Machine - A Biography Biography describing his life and work, along with links to additional resources.Category Computers History Pioneers neumann, john von...... john von neumann Genius of Man and Machine. Perhaps all deaths can be consideredto come too early; john von neumann’s own death came far too early. http://www.rit.edu/~drk4633/vonNeumann/

Daniel R. Kunkle Student of Computer Science - Artificial Life and Intelligence kunkle@mail.rit.edu homepage of Daniel Kunkle John von Neumann: Genius of Man and Machine Early Life and Education in Budapest In 1903, Budapest was growing rapidly, a booming, intellectual capital. It is said that the Budapest that von Neumann was born into "was about to produce one of the most glittering single generations of scientists, writers, artists, musicians, and useful expatriate millionaires to come from one small community since the city-states of the Italian Renaissance." Indeed, John von Neumann was one of those who, through his natural genius and prosperous family, was able to excel in the elitist educational system of the time. At a very young age, von Neumann was interested in math, the nature of numbers and the logic of the world around him. Even at age six, when his mother once stared aimlessly in front of her, he asked, "What are you calculating?" thus displaying his natural affinity for numbers. The young von Neumann was not only interested in math, though. Just as in his adult life he would claim fame in a wide range of disciplines (and be declared a genius in each one), he also had varying interests as a child. At age eight he became fascinated by history and read all forty-four volumes of the universal history, which resided in the family’s library. Even this early, von Neumann showed that he was comfortable applying his mind to both the logical and social world.

37. Von Neumann, John - A Whatis Definition - See Also: John Von Neumann john von neumann conceived a fundamental idea that serves all modern computers that a computer s program and the data that it processes does not have to be http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci214025,00.html

Search our IT-specific encyclopedia for: or jump to a topic: Choose a topic... CIO CRM Databases Domino Enterprise Linux IBM S/390 IBM AS/400 Networking SAP Security Solaris Storage Systems Management Visual Basic Web Services Windows 2000 Windows Manageability Advanced Search Browse alphabetically: A B C D ... General Computing Terms John von Neumann John von Neumann was the scientist who conceived a fundamental idea that serves all modern computers - that a computer's program and the data that it processes do not have to be fed into the computer while it is working, but can be kept in the computer's memory - a notion generally referred to as the stored-program computer . In his short life, von Neumann became one of the most acclaimed and lauded scientists of the 20th century. He left an indelible mark on the fields of mathematics, quantum theory, game theory, nuclear physics, and computer science. Born in Budapest, von Neumann was a child prodigy who went on to study chemistry in Berlin and Zurich, where he earned a Diploma in Chemical Engineering in 1926. His doctorate in mathematics (on set theory) from the University of Budapest followed in the same year. After lecturing at Berlin and Hamburg, von Neumann emigrated to the US in 1930 where he worked at Princeton and was one of the founding members of the Institute for Advanced Studies. At Princeton, von Neumann lectured in the nascent field of

38. NIC Series Volume 11: Quantum Simulations Of Complex Many-Body Systems: From The From a 2002 conference sponsored by the john von neumann Institute of Computing. http://www.fz-juelich.de/nic-series/volume11/volume11.html

NIC Series Volume 11 NIC Series Volume 11: Quantum Simulations of Complex Many-Body Systems: From Theory to Algorithms Poster Presentations edited by Johannes Grotendorst Dominik Marx Alejandro Muramatsu Winter School, 25 February - 01 March 2002, Rolduc Conference Centre, Kerkrade The Netherlands ISBN 3-00-009058-4 February 2002, 194 pages PDF PS Diffusion and Green's function Monte Carlo Path integral Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics Car-Parrinello / ab initio Molecular Dynamics Real-time quantum dynamics for large systems Lattice and continuum algorithms Exchange statistics for bosons and fermions / sign problem Parallel numerical techniques and tools Numerical integration and random numbers This strongly interdisciplinary School aims at bridging three ``gaps'' in the vast field of large-scale quantum simulations. The first gap is between chemistry and physics, the second one between typical graduate courses in these fields and state-of-the-art research, and finally the one between the Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics communities. The participants will benefit from this School by learning about recent methodological advances within and outside their field of specialization. In addition, they get insight into recent software developments and implementation issues involved, in particular in the context of high-performance computing. The lecturers of this Winter School come from chemistry, physics, mathematics and computer science and this is true for the audience as well. Participants from thirty mainly European countries attend the NIC Winter School, and eighty contributions have been submitted for the poster sessions. This overwhelming international resonance clearly reflects the attractiveness of the programme and demonstrates the willingness of the participants to play an active role in this high-level scientific School.

39. Von Neumann, John von neumann, john. von neumann, john (19031957), world-famous mathematicianwho was professor of mathematical physics in the University http://etc.princeton.edu/CampusWWW/Companion/von_neumann_john.html

von Neumann, John von Neumann, John (1903-1957), world-famous mathematician who was professor of mathematical physics in the University and later a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study, was born on December 28, 1903, the son of a well-to-do banker in Budapest, Hungary. From the age of thirteen he showed a pronounced interest in mathematics, which was fostered by his teachers at the Lutheran High School of Budapest where Princeton's Nobel laureate physicist Eugene Wigner was also a student. After graduation from high school, von Neumann studied chemistry for two years in Berlin and for two years in Zurich but spent much of his time with mathematicians, taking a Ph.D. in mathematics at the University of Budapest not long after receiving his chemistry diploma at Zurich. Thereafter, he concentrated on mathematics and theoretical physics in further study at G”ttingen and Hamburg and after 1927 as a privatdozent in Berlin. In 1929 von Neumann accepted an invitation to come to Princeton as a visiting professor for one term. Given a continuing half-time appointment the following year, he spent one term each year in Princeton and one in Germany until 1933 when, at the age of 30, he accepted appointment as the youngest and one of the first professors in the newly founded Institute for Advanced Study. In 1937 he became a United States citizen. Von Neumann's brilliant work in mathematics also carried him into theoretical economics and technology as well as theoretical physics areas where he was able to make vital contributions not only to science but also to the welfare of his adopted country. His work in quantum mechanics gave him a profound knowledge concerning the application of nuclear energy to military and peacetime uses, enabling him to occupy an important place in the scientific councils of the nation. During the Second World War, he played a major role among the Los Alamos group of scientists who developed the atomic bomb. After the war he served on the advisory committee of the Atomic Energy Commission and on the commission itself from 1954 until his death.

40. John Von Neumann: Genius Of Man And Machine - A Biography Biography describing his life and work, along with links to additional resources. http://www.rit.edu/~drk4633/vonNeumann/index.html

Daniel R. Kunkle Student of Computer Science - Artificial Life and Intelligence kunkle@mail.rit.edu homepage of Daniel Kunkle John von Neumann: Genius of Man and Machine Early Life and Education in Budapest In 1903, Budapest was growing rapidly, a booming, intellectual capital. It is said that the Budapest that von Neumann was born into "was about to produce one of the most glittering single generations of scientists, writers, artists, musicians, and useful expatriate millionaires to come from one small community since the city-states of the Italian Renaissance." Indeed, John von Neumann was one of those who, through his natural genius and prosperous family, was able to excel in the elitist educational system of the time. At a very young age, von Neumann was interested in math, the nature of numbers and the logic of the world around him. Even at age six, when his mother once stared aimlessly in front of her, he asked, "What are you calculating?" thus displaying his natural affinity for numbers. The young von Neumann was not only interested in math, though. Just as in his adult life he would claim fame in a wide range of disciplines (and be declared a genius in each one), he also had varying interests as a child. At age eight he became fascinated by history and read all forty-four volumes of the universal history, which resided in the family’s library. Even this early, von Neumann showed that he was comfortable applying his mind to both the logical and social world.

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