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This digital document is an article from Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Science, published by North Dakota Academy of Science on April 1, 2009. The length of the article is 602 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Fusarium species associated with root rot of dry beans in North Dakota.(COMMUNICATIONS--GRADUATE)(Abstract)
Author: Aakansha Gambhir
Publication: Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Science (Magazine/Journal)
Date: April 1, 2009
Publisher: North Dakota Academy of Science
Volume: 63Page: 46(1)

Article Type: Abstract

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Product Description
This digital document is an article from Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Science, published by North Dakota Academy of Science on April 1, 2009. The length of the article is 616 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Isolation of polyketide synthase genes associated with solanapyrone production in Ascochyta rabiei.(COMMUNICATIONS--GRADUATE)(Abstract)
Author: Javier A. Delgado
Publication: Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Science (Magazine/Journal)
Date: April 1, 2009
Publisher: North Dakota Academy of Science
Volume: 63Page: 44(1)

Article Type: Abstract

Distributed by Gale, a part of Cengage Learning ... Read more

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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Rubella, Chikungunya, Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus, Alphavirus, Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus, Ross River Virus, Togaviridae, O'nyong'nyong Virus, Semliki Forest Virus, Sindbis Virus, Highlands J Virus, Babanki Virus, Una Virus. Excerpt:Alphavirus In biology and immunology , an alphavirus belongs to the group IV Togaviridae family of viruses , according to the system of classification based on viral genome composition introduced by David Baltimore in 1971. Alphaviruses, like all other group IV viruses have a positive sense single stranded RNA genome. There are 27 alphaviruses, able to infect various vertebrates such as humans, rodents, fish, birds, and larger mammals such as horses as well as invertebrates . Transmission between species and individuals occurs mainly via mosquitoes making the alphaviruses a contributor to the collection of Arboviruses or Arthropod Borne Viruses. Alphaviruses particles are enveloped have a 70 nm diameter, tend to be spherical (although slightly pleomorphic), and have a 40 nm isometric nucleocapsid. Genome The genome of alphaviruses consists of a single stranded positive sense RNA. The total genome length ranges between 11,000 and 12,000 nucleotides, and has a 5 cap, and 3 poly-A tail . There are two open reading frames (ORF s) in the genome, non-structural and structural. The first is non structural and encodes proteins for transcription and replication of viral RNA, and the second encodes four structural proteins: Capsid protein C, Envelope glycoprotein E1, Envelope glycoprotein E2, and Envelope glycoprotein E3. The expression of these proteins and replication of the viral genome all takes place in the cytoplasm of the host cells. Pathogenesis and immune response Virus: Human Disease: Vertebrate Reservoir: Distribution There are man... ... Read more